ORM Pink Unicorns
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A look at improving your ColdFusion ORM code and ORM code samples
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ORM Pink Unicorns
- 1. ORM is Fun, Easy, Smells Great, and is Full of Beautiful Unicorns!
- 2. WHO AM I? • Luis Majano - Computer Engineer • Born in El Salvador ------------------> • Architecture + Software Design • CEO of Ortus Solutions • Adobe Community Professional • Creator of all things Box: ColdBox, ContentBox, WireBox....
- 3. AGENDA • Thought experiment • Silver Bullet • Advice from Special Guest • ColdBox ORM Services
- 4. Thought experiment? CF ORM was easy to use? OO way to query ORM was fast 90% of biz reqs done Extensible way to finish the remaining 10% Ich Brauche ein Weißbier! Compose my relationships
- 5. CONCLUSIONS • Can’t or doesn’t exist • Sounds like BS • What’s this latino up to? Is he trying to get my money PROVE IT!
- 6. ORM is NOT a silver bullet • Just another tool • Times you need the power of the database • Mix and match • What if you wanted array of structs, or lists or queries or arrays of data? • There is a learning curve, but it is worth the investment
- 7. Applied Benefits • Increase in productivity of about 40% • Rich Object Models • Deliver DB patching updates • Increased Flexibility • Great for abstracting vendor specific intricacies • OO Queries • Avg JDBC <10ms
- 8. Guru ORMpitka 10 keys to ORM Success!
- 9. #1: OO Modeling is Key • ORM relationship modeling is key • OO is required • UML is your best friend • STOP THINKING ABOUT DATA • YOU ARE NOT MODELING A DATABASE
- 10. #2: Engine Defaults Not Great! • Do not use the CF engine defaults: • FlushAtRequestEnd = Send to Database • Session Management = Transactions • Lazy • Cascade • Caching
- 11. #3: Understand Hibernate Session • Not the same as session scope • A transitionary space • entityLoad() • entityNew() ? • A caching layer • You need to control when to send to DB • You can remove entities from it and clear it • You can attach a secondary cache to it
- 12. #4: Transaction Demarcation • Transactions demarcate SQL boundaries • Important for ORM and SQL • No communication to DB should occur without one • Must have reactive programming, expect the worst • Transaction Theory: • Any existing ORM session is flushed and closed • A new ORM session is created • Data can be committed or rollback • ORMFlush() does not work in a transaction block • If commit, then flushed to database
- 13. #5: Lazy Loading is KEY • You will fail if you do not use this! • Performance will SUCK! • Always Use It! • Lazy Types: • True = Only when you call getXX (all types) • Extra = Loads proxy objects with primary keys only (o-2m,m-2-m) • Proxy = Loads proxy object with primary key only (o-2-o, m-2-o) • fetch=“join” • Uses a single SQL query, great for performance • batchsize • For performance, like pagination for objects
- 14. #6: Avoid bi-directional • They can be more of a headache • Cascading Deletes • Inverse • Does it make sense? • Supporting methods for bi-directional linkage • Supporting methods for un-linkages
- 17. #7: Do not store entities in scopes • Don’t do it! • No linkage to Hibernate Session • Relationships will fail if not lazy • entityMerge() • Store ID’s instead
- 18. #8: Use DB Indexes • #1 Performance Problem • Identify relationships • Identify HQL, SQL • Learn them • property name=“isActive” index=“idxActive”
- 19. #9: Cache = BOOST! • Don’t go cache crazy • Develop a strategy • Does not store CFC, stores individual property values • Use distributed caches: ehcache, couchbase • You can cache: • Entity property data : Only caches properties data values • Entity association data : Only caches primary keys • Query data : HQL, ORMExecuteQuery() • Evictions: • ORMEvictEntity(), ORMEvictCollection()
- 20. #10: OO Modeling is Key • ORM relationship modeling is key • OO is required • UML is your best friend • STOP THINKING ABOUT DATA • YOU ARE NOT MODELING A DATABASE
- 21. ORM Extensions
- 22. ORM Extensions Base ORM Service Virtual ORM Service Active Entity Entity Populators Validation Event Handlers
- 23. Base ORM Service • Service layer for any entity • OO Querying, caching, transactions • Dynamic finders, getters, counters • Object metadata & session management • Exposes more features from Hibernate • 90% Foundation
- 24. Virtual/Concrete ORM • Extends Base ORM Services • Roots itself to a single entity = Less Typing • You can build the 10% Services
- 25. • Active Record Pattern • Sweet validation integration • DI Available Active Entity
- 26. • Populate Entities: xml, json, queries, structs • Compose relationships from simple values • Null support • Exclude/include fields • Server side validation • Dependency Injection Listeners • Custom Event Driven Programming Entity Populators Validation Event Handlers ORM Utilities
- 27. ORM Services in Action More awesome than a dinosaur riding a shark with a laser! box install cartracker-demo
- 28. Base ORM Service • count(), countWhere() • delete(), deleteAll(), deleteByID(), deleteByQuery(), delete Where() • evict(), evictEntity(), evictQueries() • executeQuery(), list() • exists() • findAll(), findAllWhere(), findByExample(), findIt(), findWhere() • get(), getAll(), • getKey(), getPropertyNames(), getSessionStatistics(), getTableName() • clear(), merge(), new(), refresh() • populate(), populateFromJSON(), populateFromXML(), populateFromQuery() • save(), saveAll()
- 29. Base ORM Service Dynamic Finders/Counters • Expressive Programming • Three types of dynamic Finders/Counters • findBy : find ONE entity • findAllBy : find ALL entities • countBy: Give you a count
- 30. Base ORM Service Dynamic Finders/Counters • Method Expressions • Conditionals • LessThanEquals, LessThan • GreaterThanEquals, GreaterThan • Like • Equal, NotEqual • isNull, isNotNull • Between, NotBetween • inList, notInList • Operators • And • Or • Query Options • ignoreCase, timeout, max, offset • cacheable, cachename
- 31. Criteria Builder Awesome OO Queries
- 32. Criteria Builder • Limitations of CF ORM: • entityLoad() has limited features • Some operations we always need an entity = slow • What if I want arrays, or arrays of structs • Complex relationships are hard to query • SQL/HQL string build is so 90’s == NOT FUN!
- 33. Criteria Builder • Programmatic DSL Builder • Rich set of criterias • Projections and Result transformations • Subqueries • Caching • SQL Inspections & Debugging
- 34. Criteria Builder
- 35. Criteria Builder • Request new criteria • newCriteria() • Add simple restriction(s) • Find all cars sold between April and July • Use between() • Get results • Use list( max, offset, timeout, sortOrder, ignoreCase, asQuery ) • Get counts • Use count()
- 36. Criteria Builder Restrictions • between() • eq() • gt() • ge() • gtProperty() • isEmpty() • isNull() • ne() • ilike() • and() • or() • not() • conjunction() • disjunction() • isTrue() • isFalse() • sqlRestriction() • ...much more!
- 37. Criteria Builder Retrievals • Retrieval • firstResult() • get() • list() • count() • Options • fetchSize() • readOnly() • maxResults() • cache(), cacheRegion() • timeout() • order()
- 38. Criteria Builder Aliases -> Joins • Allows you to do queries within relationships • Creates SQL Joins • Aliases can be nested, so if your entity knows about it, you can query it!
- 39. Criteria Builder Projections • Projects change nature of results • Arrays of data, or arrays of structs (Mighty Fast) • Once its added its there forever • avg • count • countDistinct • distinct • groupProperty • max • min • property • sum • rowCount • id • sqlProjection • sqlGroupProjection • detachedSQLProjection
- 40. Criteria Builder Debugging + Logging • Application.cfc • ormsettings.logsql = Never in production • Criteria Builder SQL Inspector • startSQLLog( returnExecutableSQL, formatSQL ) • stopSQLLog() • getSQLLog() • getSQL( returnExecutableSQL, formatSQL )
- 41. Q & A Thanks!