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Os Linux Documentation
1.
2.
Development begins in
1991.
3.
Ideas taken from
MINIX.
4.
9300 LOC of
C & 950 LOC of Assembly
5.
Linux 2.0 issued
in 1996 support 64 bit Architecture.
6.
Two different GUI
(GNOME & KDE) for Linux.
7.
In early days,
Linux development revolved around central OS kernel.
8.
Linux kernel:
9.
Is
an entirely original piece of SW developed from scratch by the Linux community.
10.
Linux system:
11.
Some written from
scratch, other borrowed from other development projects and other created in collection with other team.
12.
Linux Distribution:
13.
14.
The first version
was written by ken Thompson in assembler for the PDP-7 minicomputer
15.
This was soon
followed by a version for the PDP-11 written in a new language call C that was devised and implemented by Dennis Ritchie
16.
17.
Unix are open
source OS
18.
Use for educational
purpose
19.
20.
Remaining 1 GB
reserve for its Page Table and kernel data
21.
1 GB is
not visible when running in user mode.
22.
Linux also uses
different linked lists of pages to facilitate an LRU-style algorithm.
23.
Linux divides physical
memory into three "zones:" one for DMA (devices I/0) pages, one for normal pages, and one for dynamically allocated memory.
24.
Pages move between
"hot," "cold," and "free" lists.
25.
Frequently accessed pages
will be on the "hot" list. Free pages will be on the "cold" or "free" list
26.
27.
First policy algorithm
decides which pages to write out to disk, and when to write them.
28.
Second the paging
mechanism carries out the transfer and pages data back into physical memory when they are needed again.
29.
Linux policy uses
modified version of the standard clock (or second chance) algorithm.
30.
Under Linux a
clock is used, and every page has an age that is adjusted on each pass of the clock. Age is measure of youthfulness of pages.
31.
LRU policy used.
32.
Linux paging mechanism
use swapping and partitions.
33.
Swapping is slower
due to the extra overhead.
34.
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