e-commerce,e-mail,e-trading,e-governance,EDI,multimedia,e-banking

1. Module – 5
Prof. Pankhuri jain

2.  Electronic commerce (EC) describes the manner in
which transactions take place over networks, mostly
the Internet. It is the process of electronically buying
and selling goods, services and information. Certain
EC applications, such as buying and selling stocks
and airline tickets on the internet, are growing very
rapidly, exceeding non-Internet trades.
 EC is not just about buying and selling, it also is
about electronically communicating, collaborating,
and discovering information (sometimes referred to
as e-business). It is about e-learning, e-government,
social networks, and much more. EC will have an
impact on a significant portion of the world, affecting
businesses, professions, and, of course, people.

3. YEAR EVENT
1984 EDI, or electronic data interchange, was
standardized through ASC X12. This
guaranteed that companies would be able to
complete transactions with one another
reliably.
1992 Compuserve offers online retail products to
its customers. This gives people the first
chance to buy things off their computer.
1994 Netscape arrived. Providing users a simple
browser to surf the Internet and a safe online
transaction technology called Secure Sockets
Layer.
1995 Two of the biggest names in e-commerce are
launched: Amazon.com and eBay.com.
1998 DSL, or Digital Subscriber Line, provides fast,
always-on Internet service to subscribers
across California. This prompts people to
spend more time, and money, online.

4. YEAR EVENT
1999 Retail spending over the Internet
reaches $20 billion, according
to Business.com.
2000 The U.S government extended the
moratorium on Internet taxes until at
least 2005.
2001 Amazon led the way by launching their
mobile commerce site as early as
2001and they continue to lead
innovation in the ecommerce market
now with drone delivery among other
initiatives.
2006 Google released Google Checkout
to help ease the payment process
for ecommerce shoppers as they
begin to shop online through
multiple retailers.
2007 Magento, is an eCommerce
content management system that

5. YEAR EVENT
2008 The number of people who used a
phone to pay their products and
services had jumped to 9 million
US mobile subscribers in 2008.

6.  Electronic banking
Many banks are now introducing electronic banking.
Using your computer, you can connect to the bank’s
computer system via the internet and control your
daily financial dealing from home. It reduces the staff
and building of banks. Many customers pay their bills
from their bank accounts using this facility.
 Electronic shopping
It has become very easy from the people to shop from
home using internet. Different manufacturers present
their product s on the internet. People can browse the
website, place an order and even make a payment
using credit card. It has made shopping very easy.

7.  Conducting Auctions
Many websites provide the facility of auction.
People participate in the auction to purchase a
product. They can also pay the price using their
credit cards etc. a popular website that provides
this facility is eBay.
 Marketing and Advertising
E-commerce is playing an important part to
market and advertise products all over the world.
The use of popular websites can be an effective
way of introducing a product to the customers.

8.  Providing customer services
Businessmen can interact with their customers
using the internet. They can discuss different
issues about their products. They can also
deal with their complaints and provide
different services to them.
 Online travel reservations
Online travel reservation is a popular use of e-
commerce, People can reserve seats in airline
flights, hotels or car using the internet.

9.  Online trading
Online trading is a process of conducting business using the
internet. The stockbrokers can do all trading activities
electronically. They can submit and receive bids using
computers. They can also interconnect with computer
screens where brokers match buyers with sellers. It
reduces the cost as no paper or special building is
required to conduct these activities.
 Videoconferencing
Video conferencing is a type of conferencing in which video
cameras and microphones are used for discussions. It
provides an environment of normal meeting. It enables
participants to see, hear and present material to one
another as if they are in the same room. Video
conferencing can speed up business process and
procedures.

10.  It is an electronic message transmitted over a network
from one user to another.
 It is a text based mail consisting of lines of text, and
can include attachments such as audio messages,
pictures and documents.
 It can be sent to one or more persons at the same time.
 Does not require physical presence of the recipient.
 Compared to postal mail it is easy to send e-mail as
there is no use of postal stamps or envelopes.
 Every internet mail user has a unique e-mail. This e-
mail address is in the format username@domainname
example: abc@yahoo.com. To send an e-mail you need
to know the hardware and software specification of the
recipient.

11.  Emails are delivered extremely fast when compared
to traditional post.
 Emails can be sent 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
 Webmail means emails can be sent and received from
any computer, anywhere in the world, that has
an Internet connection.
 Cheap - when using broadband, each email sent is
effectively free. Dial-upusers are charged at local call
rates but it only takes a few seconds (for conventional
email, eg text only) to send an email.
 Emails can be sent to one person or several people.

12.  The recipient needs access to the Internet to receive
email.
 Viruses are easily spread via email attachments (most
email providers scan emails for viruses on your
behalf).
 Phishing - sending an email to a user falsely claiming
to be a legitimate company to scam the user into
providing information, such as personal information
and bank account numbers on a bogus website. The
details will then be used for identity theft.
 No guarantee the mail will be read until the user logs
on and checks their email.
 Spam - unsolicited email, i.e., junk mail.

13.  It is an umbrella term for the process by which a customer
may perform banking transactions electronically without
visiting a brick and mortar institution.
 The EFT is used for electronic payments and customer
initiated transactions where the cardholder pays using
credit or debit card.
 The transaction types are, Withdrawal,deposit,interaccount
transfer ,inquiry, administrative transactions that covers
non financial transactions including PIN change. Electronic
Fund Transfer transactions needs authorisation and a
means to match the card and card holder.EFT transactions
require the cardholder's PIN to sent online in encrypted
form for validation by the issuer of the card.Other
information may include the card holders address or the
CVV2 security value printed on the card.

14. 1. Provides convenience and wide accessibility.
2. Efficient with less charges
3. Fast transaction speed mostly.
4. Portable
5. Cost saving
6. Track spending
7. Reduced paper work.

15. 1. Internet connection is must.
2. First time navigation and computer know
how.
3. Delayed Statements
4. Security Concerns
5. Loss of Human Touch
6. You cannot use it, in case, the bank’s server
is down.
7. Banks pay huge amount to install high
firewall.

16.  E-government is a short form for electronic
government. Also known as digital
government or online government.
 Is a network of organizations to include
government, non profit, and private sector
entities.
 It refers to the use by government agencies of
IT which provides-

17. 1. Better delivery of government services to
citizens.
2. Improved interactions with business and
industry.
3. More efficient government management.
4. Less corruption.
5. Greater convenience.
6. Cost reduction.

18.  Generally four basic models are available –
◦ government-to-citizen (customer):The goal of government-to-
customer (G2C) e-governance is to offer a variety of ICT services
to citizens in an efficient and economical manner, and to
strengthen the relationship between government and citizens
using technology. Two-way communication allows instant
message directly with public administrators, electronic voting and
instant opinion voting. Transactions such as payment of services,
such as city utilities, can be completed online or over the phone.
◦ government-to-employees: It is the relationship between online
tools, sources, and articles that help employees maintain
communication with the government and their own companies.Ex.
– E-payrolls, E-benefits, E-training etc.

19. ◦ government-to-government : advantages such as
facilitating information delivery, application
process/renewal between both business and private
citizen, and participation with constituency.
◦ government-to-business: Government-to-
Business (G2B) is the online non-commercial
interaction between local and central government
and the commercial business sector with the
purpose of providing businesses information and
advice on e-business 'best practices'.

20.  Electronic trading, sometimes called etrading,
is a method of trading securities (such
as stocks, and bonds), foreign
exchange or financial
derivatives electronically. Information
technology is used to bring together buyers
and sellers through an electronic trading
platform and network to create virtual market
places.

21.  Reduced cost of transactions – By automating as much of the
process as possible (often referred to as "straight-through
processing" or STP), costs are brought down.
 Greater liquidity – electronic systems make it easier to allow
different companies to trade with one another, no matter where they
are located. This leads to greater liquidity (i.e. there are more buyers
and sellers) which increases the efficiency of the markets.
 Greater competition – While electronic trading hasn't necessarily
lowered the cost of entry to the financial services industry, it has
removed barriers within the industry and had a globalisation-style
competition effect.
 Increased transparency –It's easier to find out the price of securities
when that information is flowing around the world electronically.
 Tighter spreads – The "spread" on an instrument is the difference
between the best buying and selling prices being quoted; it
represents the profit being made by the market makers.

22.  Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the
computer-to-computer exchange of business
documents between companies. EDI replaces
the faxing and mailing of paper documents.
Business entities conducting business
electronically are called trading partners.Eg.
Purchase orders and invoices.

23.  An EDI Document Exchange of a Purchase
Order:
◦ Buyer makes a buying decision, creates the
purchase order but does not print it.
◦ EDI software creates an electronic version of the
purchase order and transmits it automatically to the
supplier.
◦ Supplier's order entry system receives the purchase
order and updates the system immediately on
receipt.
◦ Supplier's order entry system creates an
acknowledgment an transmits it back to confirm
receipt.

24.  Error control
 Reducing Paper Work
 End repetition
 Saves money
 Saves time
 Improve clientele Service
 Expands customer base

25.  Too Many measures:There are too numerous
measures bodies developing standard documents
formats for EDI. For example your company may
be following the X12 benchmark format, while
your selling colleague pursues the EDIFACT
benchmark format.
 Changing Standards: Each year, most measures
bodies publish modifications to the measures.
This impersonates a difficulty to EDI users. You
may be utilizing one type of the benchmark while
your trading partners are still utilizing older
versions.

26.  EDI is Too Expensive: Some companies are
only doing enterprise with others who use
EDI. If a business likes to do enterprise with
these associations, they have to apply an EDI
program. This expense may be very
exorbitant for little companies.
 Limit Your selling Partners: Some large
companies are inclined to halt doing
enterprise with enterprises who don't comply
with EDI.

27.  Multimedia is the field concerned with the
computer controlled integration of text,
graphics, drawings, still and moving images
(video), animation, audio, and any other
media, where every type of information can
be represented, stored, transmitted and
digitally.
 Utilizes various formats at once- including
text , video, spoken word , sound and music.

28.  It is widely used in the entertainment and
education fields.
 It has the capability to attract people and
hold their attention.
 In many cases it is used interactively , that is,
 Viewer’s actions control what he or she sees
and hears whilst experiencing the multimedia
program.

29.  It establishes an indelible impression on one’s
mind and hence is the most successful means of
getting message across.
 In today’s competitive commercial era,
multimedia is the obvious choice, when it comes
to promoting and marketing your business.
 It also helps to demonstrate subjects that require
time and movements to understand, supports
different learning styles, adds interest to learning
materials and supports those with special needs.

30.  A multimedia system is a system capable of
processing multimedia data and applications.
 It is characterized by the processing, storage,
generation, manipulation and rendition of
multimedia information.

31.  Very high processing power
 Multimedia capable file system
 Data representation/file formats that support
multimedia
 Efficient and high I/O
 Special operating system
 Storage and memory
 Network support software tools

32.  Capture devices: video camera, video recorder,
keyboard, audio microphone, mouse, graphic
tablet, 3D input devices, tactile sensors etc
 Storage devices: hard disks, CDs, DVDs, Jaz drives
etc.
 Communication networks: Ethernet, token ring,
intranets, internet etc
 Computer systems: multimedia desktop machines,
workstations, video hardware.
 Display devices: quality speakers, high definition
TV, high resolution monitors, color printers etc.

33.  World wide web
 Hypermedia courseware
 Video conferencing
 Video-on-demand
 Interactive tv
 Home shopping
 Games
 Virtual reality
 Digital video editing and production systems
 Multimedia database systems

34.  Text – of all of the elements text has the
most impact on quality of the multimedia
title. It provides input information. It acts as a
keystone tying all the other media elements
together. Its main sources are –keyboard,
floppies, disks and tape. It can also be
scanned with OCR or captured through
speech recognition. These files are usually
stored and input character by character. File
may contain raw or formatted text e.g. HTML.

35.  Graphics – These provides the most creative
possibilities. In multimedia selection of graphic is
crucial as it should complement the text on page.
A graphic, or graphical image, is a digital
representation of non-text information such as a
drawing, chart, or photo. Of the graphics formats
that exist on the Web, the two more common are
JPEG and GIF formats. JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg)
is a format that compresses graphics to reduce
their file size, which means the file takes up less
storage space. The goal with JPEG graphics is to
reach a balance between image quality and file
size. Digital photos often use the JPEG format.

36.  Graphics- GIF (pronounced jiff) graphics also
use compression techniques to reduce file
sizes. The GIF format works best for images
that have only a few distinct colors, such as
company logos. It is constructed by
composition of primitive objects such as
lines, curves, arcs, etc. usually generated by
graphics editor program or automatically by a
program. Usually are editable. Input devices
include keyboard, mouse, trackball, graphics
tablet etc.

37.  Images - An image which can be also called as
Still Image, Digital image is the binary
representation of any type of visual information
like drawings, individual video frames, logos,
pictures, graphs etc. You can save images
electronically on any kind of storage device.
Digital Camera’s are very common now and used
to capture images. You can also add your desired
text or different graphics like; cliparts, effects etc
on your image by using Image Editing Software.
While in html or other coding platforms, <img>
tag is used commonly to insert images.

38.  Animation- Many Web pages use animation,
which is the appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images in sequence.
Animation can make Web pages more visually
interesting or draw attention to important
information or links. You can create animations
by using any software from a variety of software
that allow you to create animation. Simple
animation can be GIF animated file but the
complex animation can be the face of human or
alien in movie or game. These are based on
drawings.

39.  Audio- sound is another data type used in
multimedia. Requires more space than text but is
better than videos. It is used to express an idea in
words over a computer. It enhances the quality of
presentation and increases the efficiency of
information transfer.There are a large number of
audio formats, but in all the file size (and quality)
depend on:
Sampling frequency
Bit depth
Number of channels (mono, stereo)
The easiest way to reduce file size is to switch from
stereo to mono. You immediately lose half the data,
and for many audio files it will have only a small
effect on perceived quality.

40.  Videos- analog video is usually captured by a
video camera and then digitized. There are
variety of video formats. Raw videos can be
regarded as series of single images. There are
typically 25 ,30 or 50 frames per second.