created by Year 2 students for teaching their classmates.

1. Innate and
Learned
Behavior
Leena and Perle

2. Become
an...
E"ologist:
A
person
who
studies
the
behavior
of
animals
in
their
natural
environment
Psychologist:
A
person
who
studies
behavior
in
an
ar"ficial
environment

3. Develops
independent
of
environmental
context
No
learning/
no
trial
and
error
Gene"cally
programmed
Examples
Spiders
and
their
webs
Wasp
and
their
nests
Termites
and
their
mounds
Babies
and
sucking
Innate
sequence
Measured
through
an
animal’s
response
to
environmental
s"muli

4. A B C
E
D
G
F
H
I J

5. I E G A
H B F
C D J

6. Not
gene(cally
programmed
The
process
of
gaining
new
knowledge
or
skills
or
modifying
exis2ng
knowledge
or
skills
Examples
Riding
a
bike
Learning
to
swim
Reading
a
book

7. Cannot
measure
it
directly
Measured
through
the
change
in
performance
-­‐
stored
in
the
nervous
system
as
memory
Example:
The
rat
and
the
pedal
Disadvantage:
Output
is
not
easily
seen

8. Innate
Behavior Learned
Behavior
dependent
on
the
environmental
develops
independently
of
the
context
of
the
animal
for
environmental
context
development
controlled
by
genes not
controlled
by
genes
inherited
from
parents not
inherited
from
parents
develops
by
response
to
an
developed
by
natural
selec"on
environmental
s"mulus
increases
chances
of
survival
and
may
or
may
not
increase
chance
of
reproduc"on survival
and
reproduc"on

9. Reminder:
Innate
behavior
is
measured
by
an
organism’s
response
to
environmental
s(muli
Response
can
be
executed
by
two
kinds
of
movement
Taxis
Kinesis

10. Movement
produced
by
a
direct
s(mulus
Measured
by
the
movement
towards
or
away
from
the
s(mulus
Animal
body
directed...
towards
the
s(muli:
Posi2ve
response!
away
from
the
s(muli:
Nega2ve
response!
Taxes
are
iden(fied
by
the
type
of
s(muli
to
which
it
is
responding
to

12. The
response
to
light
Examples:
Fly
larvae
Planaria
Euglena
Experiments
to
determine
the
phototaxis
of
animals:
Different
wavelengths
of
light
Different
light
intensi(es
Different
types
of
bulbs

14. The
response
to
chemicals
in
the
environment
Examples:
Bacterium
with
food
molecules
e.g.
glucose
Planarian
with
food
molecules
e.g.
raw
liver
Bacterium
with
poisons
e.g.
phenol
cri"cal
role
in
reproduc"on
Experiments
to
determine
the
chemotaxis
of
animals:
Different
pH
levels
Different
concentra"on
of
dissolved
drugs,
foods
or
pes"cides

16. The
response
to
gravity
Experiments
u(lizing
containers
or
slow,
spinning
turn
tables

18. The
response
to
water
currents
Experiments
used
to
test
whether
animals
move
towards
or
away
from
water
currents

20. The
response
to
touch
Example
Rats
with
a
water
maze

21. Movement
in
response
to
a
non-­‐direc"onal
s"mulus
measurement
indicated
by
their
rate
of
movement
Examples:
Isopods
Porcellio
scaber
Armadilidium
vulgare
Types
of
Kinesis
Orthokinesis:
when
an
organism
MOVES
slowly
or
rapidly
in
response
to
the
s"mulus
but
it
does
not
move
towards
the
s"mulus.
Klinokinesis:
when
an
organism
TURNS
slowly
or
rapidly
in
response
to
the
s"mulus
but
it
does
not
move
towards
the
s"mulus.

22. 1. Observa(on
2. Research
Formulate
a
research
ques(on
‘What
is
the
effect
of
humidity
on
the
distribu(on
of
the
isopod
Porcellio
Scaber?’

23. 3.
Method
•
Modify
Petri
dishes
so
that
they
work
as
choice
chambers
v Chamber
1
–
drying
agent
CCl2
v Chamber
2
–
wet
towels
•
Measure
the
humidity
using
a
Vernier
probe
•
Place
ten
individuals
in
each
chamber
through
the
rubber
stoppers
•
Count
the
number
of
individuals
in
each
chamber
every
5
minutes
•
Repeat
procedure
un"l
there
is
data
for
40
organisms

24. Light
condi(ons
Temperature
condi(ons
Equal
possibility
to
chambers
Size
of
chambers

25. Chi
test
Isopods
lack
waterproof
cu(cle
more
prone
to
desicca(on
dying
out
Kinesis
ensures
survival
and
enhances
the
ability
to
reproduce
Natural
selec(on!

26. Learning
occurs
most
easily
when
it
results
in
improving
the
animal’s
survival
Imprin"ng,
Food
Hoarding,
Birdsong
Other
examples:
Grizzly
bear
Chimpanzees
using
s"ck
to
get
termites

27. Imprin"ng
process
by
which
young
animals
become
aaached
to
their
parent
within
the
first
day
or
so
aber
hatching
assures
that
the
young
stay
close
to
their
mother
for
protec"on
and
as
a
source
of
food

28. Food
hoarding
store
food
then
return
when
there
is
a
shortage
example:
squirrels
hoard
nuts,
moles
store
worms
allows
animals
to
stay
nourished

29. young
male
sparrow
first
100
days
of
its
life
two
func(ons:
aXracts
mate
and
discourages
rival
males

30. Classical
condi"oning
can
be
used
to
modify
a
reflex
response
Experiments
the
subject
responds
to
a
s"mulus
in
a
new
way

31. Russian
Physiologist
designed
experiments
to
illustrate
classical
condi"oning
using
dogs
Saliva"on
in
dogs
is
a
reflex
response
to
the
sight
or
smell
of
food
Uncondi2oned
s2muli
(UCS)
-­‐
type
of
s"muli
which
uncondi"onally
s"mulates
a
response
without
learning
Uncondi2oned
response
(UCR)
-­‐
result
of
uncondi"oned
s"muli
Natural
s2mulus
(NS)
Condi2oned
s2mulus
(CS)
Condi2oned
response
(CR)

33. Each
species
of
bird
has
an
inherited
species-­‐specific
song
In
each
species,
there
are
many
varia(ons
of
the
song
Birds
can
learn
to
improve
the
song
they
have
inherited

34. Syrinx
vocal
organ
bony
structure
at
the
boXom
of
trachea
(windpipe)
Forces
air
past
a
membrane
in
the
syrinx
which
vibrates
and
produces
sound
Pitch
control
-­‐
altering
tension
in
the
membranes
of
the
syrinx
Volume
control
-­‐
altering
the
flow
of
air

35. Experimental
Data
Crude
song
is
species-­‐specific
Evidence
that
template
is
inherited
All
next
steps
are
learned

36. Aber
hatching
Bird
is
silent,
listens
to
the
song
of
his
species
from
adults
Aaempts
to
match
his
template
to
the
full
adult
song
by
modifying
the
inherited
template
Over
at
about
100
days
aber
hatching
Sensi2ve
period
-­‐
first
100
days

37. Second
phase
young
bird
prac"ces
singing
the
song
hears
own
song
begins
to
match
his
own
song
to
the
one
he
has
heard
from
the
adult
must
hear
his
own
song
in
order
to
sing
accurate
adult
song