Society and environment(Effect of environment on society)

1. Sociology
Society and environment
(Effect of environment on society)

2. The Meaning of Heredity
The biological and Psychological characteristics which are
transmitted by the parents to their offspring's are known as by the
name of Heredity.
(EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
Man’s behaviour is influenced by two forces
1. Heredity
2. Environment

3. Effects of Heredity
1. Galton’s Studies
2. Karl Pearson’s researches
• Groups of higher intellectual rating produces more persons of
genius.
(EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
• Differences in intelligence levels of different occupation groups.
3. But all this is not necessarily due to heredity.
4. Intelligence scores of Negros and whites.
5. Physical traits and heredity.
6. Studies of Some Family

4. Controlled Experiments to determine the Respective Role of Heredity
and Environment
Children of the same heredity have been put under different
environments and the differences in their behaviour have been
consequently attributes to environment.
1. Environment of twins reared together and apart.
2. Experiments on children under the same environment
(EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
Heredity and environment are not separable
Maclver : “Every phenomenon of the life is the product of both, each is
as necessary to the result as the other, neither can ever be eliminated
and neither be isolated.”
Altenberg : “Each trait requires both heredity and environment for its
development.”
Lumley : It is not heredity or environment , but heredity and
environment.

5. Social environment
The social environment refers to the immediate physical and
social setting in which people live or in which something happens or
develops. It includes the culture that the individual was educated or
lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact.
Solidarity
(EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
Solidarity
People with the same social environment often develop a sense
of social solidarity; they often tend to trust and help one another, and to
congregate in social groups. They will often think in similar styles and
patterns even when their conclusions differ.

6. Social environment
(EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
Milieu/social structure
C. Wright Mills contrasted the immediate milieu of
jobs/family/neighbourhood with the wider formations of the social
structure, highlighting in particular a distinction between "the personal
troubles of milieu" and the "public crises of social structure“.troubles of milieu" and the "public crises of social structure“.
Emile Durkheim took a wider view of the social environment
(milieu social), arguing that it contained internalised norms and
representations of social forces/social facts: "Our whole social
environment seems to us filled with forces which really exist only in our
own minds"

7. (EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
Phenomenology
Phenomenologist's contrast two alternative visions of society, as
a deterministic constraint (milieu) and as a nurturing shell (ambiance).
Max Scheler distinguishes between milieu as an experienced
value-world, and the objective social environment on which we draw to
create the former, noting that the social environment can either foster
or restrain our creation of a personal milieu.or restrain our creation of a personal milieu.
Social surgery
Pierre Janet saw neurosis as in part the product of the identified
patient's social environment - family, social network, work etc. - and
considered that in some instances what he called "social surgery" to
create more space in that environment would be a beneficial measure.
Similar ideas have since been taken up in community psychiatry
and family therapy.

8. • ENVIRONMENT
• Word "environment" is most
commonly used describing "natural"
environment and means the sum of all
living and non-living things that
surround an organism, or group of
organisms. Environment includes all
elements, factors , and conditions that
have some impact on growth and
development of certain organism.
Environment includes both biotic andEnvironment includes both biotic and
abiotic factors that have influence on
observed organism. Abiotic factors
such as light, temperature, water,
atmospheric gases combine with biotic
factors (all surrounding living species).
Environment often changes after some
time and therefore many organisms
have ability to adapt to these changes.

9. • Physical Environment:
Definition: - consists of
physical features that
occur naturally
• - 4 major components :
Water(rivers , seas,
oceans), Natural
Vegetation, Landform andVegetation, Landform and
rocks, weather and climate
• Natural resources are
found Examples: rivers,
seas , ocean, mountains,
rocks, volcanoes,
tornadoes

10. • Physical Environment is composed of
those that nature provide for man. It
includes, according to MacIver the
earth surface with all its physical
features and natural resources , the
distribution of land and water,
mountain and plains, plants and
animals and all the forces that play
upon the earth and affect the life ofupon the earth and affect the life of
man.

11. • Physical environment is
further divided into two
parts
• Natural(uncontrollable) –
sun, wind rains, star ,sea,
season etc.
• Artificial –(controllable)-
direct control of man.direct control of man.
Such are vast stretches of land
which he brings under
cultivation ,the river and
streams which he use for
dames .

12. Physical Environment and Social Environment
(EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SOCIETY)
1.Housing tenure
2.Accommodation Density
3.Characteristic of Accommodation
4.Region and Area4.Region and Area
5. Social capital
6. Public transport
7. Local amenities
8.Frequency of contact with social networks
9.Positive and negative social support

13. INFLUENCE AND PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
• Population- distribution ,size and density - plains are more
dense than mountain other rainfall, desert, humidity
• PHYSICAL NECESSTIES topography of country affect diet, dress
and animal husbandryand animal husbandry
Examples material used in mountain or Eskimos -snow
houses wear animal skins dresses , people eating habits also
depend
particular animal found in rear spaces as camel in Rajasthan,
goats and sheep in hills, cows and buffaloes in plains

14. • OCCUPATION coastal areas – fishing, oil wells are in Assam, in
northern plain agriculture ,sugar mills in Utter Pradesh
• PHYSICOLOGICAL CHARATERSTCS
topography effect the color of skin, hair ,shape of nose, hieght etc
hot climate darker skin
HUMAN ACTIVITES• HUMAN ACTIVITES
• ENERGY AND SKILLS
• CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE valley civilization near river
• ECONOMIC ORGANISATION – if get natural resources

15. INFLUENCE OF PLAINS
• POPULATION
• ECONOMIC LIFE
• MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
• SOCIAL LIFE• SOCIAL LIFE
• POLITICAL LIFE

16. INFLUENCE ON HILLS
• POPULATION
• ECONOMIC LIFE
• SOCIAL LIFE
• POLITICAL LIFE• POLITICAL LIFE

17. INFLUENCE ON DESERTS
• ECONOMIC LIFE
• SOCIAL LIFE
• POLITICAL LIFE