Alarming circumstance of global warming boost on the earth generated awareness that, time has come to quick track and catalyzes cleaner, greener urban mobility and this can be a lightning-bar towards an essential change which is as of now seeing development in electric vehicles worldwide and government strategies activating speculations by significant vehicle organizations. India is one of the significant markets for vehicle industry yet at the same time it is far from this idea. This paper discusses various aspects of electrical vehicles in record with Indian market, its issues, support, inspiration and future scope.

1. Abstract-- Alarming circumstance of global warming
boost on the earth generated awareness that, time has
come to quick track and catalyzes cleaner, greener urban
mobility and this can be a lightning-bar towards an
essential change which is as of now seeing development
in electric vehicles worldwide and government strategies
activating speculations by significant vehicle
organizations. India is one of the significant markets for
vehicle industry yet at the same time it is far from this
idea. This paper discusses various aspects of electrical
vehicles in record with Indian market, its issues, support,
inspiration and future scope.
Index Terms-- emission, urbanization, vehicle,
government, scope.
1. INTRODUCTION
RBANIZATION has caused many effects in
people’s life which has made human dependent on
vehicles. As a result, the density of vehicles in city
areas is increasing day by day. Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
Oxides and Carbon Monoxide are the exhaust pollutants
emitted by Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) when fuel
like petrol or diesel are used. These pollutants cause
several problems like heart diseases, lung disorders,
irritation in different parts of body, blood pressure etc.
These pollutants also cause harm to animal species.
The environmental pollution caused by ICE vehicles like
acid rains, ozone layer depletion, air and noise
pollutions will affect the habitat not to live life
peacefully.
U
Driving atmosphere doomsayers assert that worldwide
gas emanations need to decline to 60% beneath the
present levels by 2050 if people are to evade
calamitous environmental change. Electric vehicles
(EV) may include battery electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid
electric vehicle (HEV) and hydrogen fuel cell electric
vehicle (FCEV). The fundamental thought of the electric
vehicle is to lessen the motor size and power for fuel
utilization and meet the vital vitality from the without
carbon vitality sources like energy components. Battery
is the main fundamental problem in BEV. Subsequently,
BEV is for the most part reasonable for little electric
vehicle for short range, low speed group transportation,
in this manner requires just littler battery size. HEV can

Parth Hemendra Pandya is a B.E. 3RD
Level Student,
Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma
Mahavidyalaya, India.
(E-mail: parthpandya304@gmail.com)
2. Shivani Ashish Dimke is a B.E. 3RD
Level Student, Department of
Civil Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, India.
(E-mail: shivanidimke96@gmail.com).
address purchasers' issue and has included esteem
however cost is the real issue.
2. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARBON EMISSION AT
GLOBAL LEVEL
In order to study the climatic impact of an electric
vehicles we need to take into consideration the
emissions due to vehicle manufacture, CO2 emissions
from fuel combustion in power plant, CO2, N2O and CH4
emissions from fuel extraction, transportation,
processing, distribution and storage, emissions that
arise producing electricity that is lost in transmission and
distribution.
Electric vehicle result in more assembling
emanations than customary petrol vehicles, and have
diminished lifetime mileage, which implies per kilometer
driven their assembling emissions are more noteworthy.
In this area we have looked at emanations brought
about by utilizing electric vehicles as a part of various
nations taking into account their principle power source.
Table 1
Comparison of carbon dioxide emission in different
types of vehicles.
In the above table 1, for the better comprehension we
show the electrical vehicle emanations from every
nation as far as what might as well be called petrol and
diesel vehicle, utilizing kilometer per liter as the method
for depiction.
In the country like India whose main source of
electricity generation is coal, grid powered electric
vehicles produces almost equal or in some cases more
carbon emission than that of petrol or diesel sourced
vehicles. The electric vehicle emission is 370 gCO2e/km
A Conspectus on Electric Vehicle in India
1). Parth Hemendra Pandya 2). Shivani Ashish Dimke
COUNTRY POWER
SOURCE
ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
EMISSIONS
(g CO2e/km)
PETROL CAR
EMISSIONS
EQUIVALENT
(kmpl)
DIESEL CAR
EMISSIONS
EQUIVALENT
(kmpl)
INDIA COAL 370 8 10
UNITED
STATES
HEAVY
FOSSIL
202 17 19
JAPAN BROAD
MIX
175 21 23
CANADA LIGHT
FOSSIL
115 37 41
FRANCE LOW
CARBON
93 52 56

2. and to attend the same amount of emission we will
require to use the petrol vehicle with mileage of 8kmpl
and that of diesel vehicle as 10kmpl. So the carbon
emission caused by electric vehicle is approximately
three times as compared to most petrol cars used with
mileage of 24kmpl.
3. SCALE OF PROBLEMS
Even with the advancement in the field of electric
vehicles, they are various setbacks compared to internal
combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The main problem in
the electric vehicle is its battery. The battery life is
nearly about 4-5 years so it requires to be changed
frequently and also its cost is very high. Second
drawback of EV is that its battery needs to be charged
frequently as well as its recharging time is also high (6-
8hrs). Due to this its total operating and maintenance
cost increases. Moreover recharge stations are not
easily available in developing countries like India
whereas in developed countries like USA and UK, DC
supply stations are established at various locations for
reducing the drawbacks of charging.
A typical electric car costs around 8 to 10 lakhs which
is approximately 2.5 times higher than an entry level
fuel efficient car. Also the replacement cost of battery is
about 2 to 3 lakhs which will increase the cost of
ownership.
4. INDIAN SCENARIO OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
In India two wheeler vehicles are majorly seen on
roads compared to four wheeler vehicles as 2W are
more time and fuel efficient and ICE driven. Other than
the special occasions like marriage ceremony or family
gathering, use of 4W is very low. After china, India is
the second largest 2W market and will remain the
preferable choice of transport till 2035.
Indian government has released its National Electric
Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020, in 2013 which
aims to deploy 4lakh passenger BEVs. If the above goal
is achieved then India will restrain importing of 1.2crore
barrels of oil and will save the entry of 40lakh tones of
CO2 emissions in environment by 2020.
India lacks the support for a large domestic market for
EV due to lack of lithium ion reserves. There is no clear
policies supporting the supply growth, batteries
manufacturing and recycling as the Indian electricity
supply mix is dominated by coal and fossil fuels.
Table 2:
Registered EV and population of different country in
2013
COUNTRY REGISTERED
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
STOCK (units)
POPULATION
(In crores)
INDIA 3100 127.7
UNITED
STATES
96,602 31.6
JAPAN 30,390 12.7
CANADA 3,106 3.52
FRANCE 13954 6.4
According to the statistical data shown in the table 2,
we can conclude that in country like India the population
is very high but the registered EV stock is less. Whereas
in United States the population is very less in
comparison to India but the stock of EV registered is
very high. From this we can say that in a highly
populated country like India public awareness about
environment protection by use of EV or HEV is less.
Whereas in United States the public is more concerned
about the environment.
For increasing the public awareness, the initial
approach of central government of India could be to
encourage market players at international level to
perform case study for potential locations for the
development of EV charging infrastructure and electric
vehicle supply equipment. Also for encouragement of
EV, the effects on current, transmission and distribution
scheme, energy production, density of road traffic,
emission level and space required for parking needs to
be analyzed. Moreover operation and maintenance of
infrastructure installed should be maintained regularly.
Instead of direct involvement of government body,
private players should be given contracts in order to
assure smooth flow of work.
5. SCOPE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA
The market of electric vehicle in India is very less
compared to ICE vehicles due to various factors. India
has only sold only 1% of EVs in the world over last
decade. It’s mainly due to service lags and high cost
issues. People in India are more concerned about the
mileage, maintenance free, and durability, immediately
accessible and service oriented vehicles in the market.
Moreover high daily usage of vehicle by the people has
caused EV a failure. It has more charging time, less top
speed and less speed per charge made the consumers
to avoid EV in our country. Also there is lack of
government schemes implementation for the motivation
of the consumers. And above all the power crises is one
of the major reasons which make these chargeable
electric vehicles non-usable in our country.
6. CONCLUSION
Due to the urbanization and industrialization the carbon
emissions has been increased in environment drastically

3. which has boosted the concept of green in the last
decade. EVs has gained much attention over past few
years. But in India it faces difficulties due to coal based
power source, high cost, population, human behavior
and lack of support. Emission of EV is more than
average vehicles. To overcome all this problems
various steps are required to be taken by the
government and private sector for the research and
development for various infrastructures, technology and
power source. Concept of EV can flourish in India only
after the betterment of this problems, motivation and
awareness among the people. This concept needs to be
developed and researched in India with various projects,
case study and research work by government as well as
private manufactures as India has many future scope
and potential market in vehicle industry.
7. REFERENCES
[1] AhmetTeke, Kamil Cag˘atay Bayindir, Mehmet Ali
Gozukucuk, “A comprehensive overview of hybrid
electric vehicle: Powertrain configurations,
powertrain control techniques and electronic control
units”, Energy conversion and management,
vol.52(2), 2012
[2] C. LeQuéré et al., “Carbon budget 2014”, ESSDD,
6, 1-90, 2014
[3] Chan CC., William Yeatman, Global Warming 101:
Costs, The state of the art of electric, hybrid and
fuel cell vehicles, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.
95(4); 2007.
[4] Goerdeler, Klynveld, Marwick, Peat, ,"Emerging
trends and technologies in the automotive sector-
Supply chain challenges and opportunities ”by
kpmg, 2015.
[5] Lindsay Wilson, “Shades of Green: Electric Cars”
Carbon Emissions Around the Globe, Shrink That
Footprint, 2013
[6] National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020,
Department of Heavy Industry, Government of
India, 2013.
[7] National Research Council, “Transitions to
Alternative Vehicles and Fuels,” Promoting Low
Carbon Transport in India by UNEP DTU
Partnership, Centre on Energy, Climate and
Sustainable Development Technical University of
Denmark, Washington, DC, 2013.
[8] NEXANT INC., India Zero Emission Transportation
Program, 2002
[9] RITE Ltd., “Transport Demand Forecast Study and
Development of an Integrated Road cum Multi-
Modal Public Transport Network for NCT of Delhi,”
Report for the Government of NCT of Delhi
Transport Department, 2008.