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1
Targeting the intolerable
The International Programme on
the Elimination of Child Labour
2
What is Child Labour?
• It is workthat children should not be doing because they are too young to work, or– if they are old enough to work– because it is dangerous or otherwise unsuitable for them
• Not all workdone by children should be classified as child labourto be eliminated. Some types of work, e.g. earning pocket money during school holidays, can be beneficial to a child’s development
• Whether or not particularforms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of workperformed and the conditions under which it is performed, as set out in the ILO Conventions
3
Causes of Child Labour
• Poverty
• Culture and tradition
• Barriers to education
• Market demand
• The effects of income shocks on households
• Lackof legislation and/or poor enforcement of existing legislation
4
Consequences of Child Labour
• Deprives themof schooling orrequires themto assume the multiple burdenof schooling and work
• Jeopardises theirhealth and safety – high riskof illness and injury…even death
• Affects theirphysical development (malnutrition, long working hours inbad conditions)
• Exposes themto physical and psychological abuse and violence whichall have long termconsequences
• Deprives themof their childhoodand of theirfuture
5
Magnitude of the problemMagnitude of the problem
Child labourin the world
215,000,000
Child labourers,
5-17 years old
115,000,000
Engaged in hazardous
work, 5-17 years old
6
6
Global trends in child labour (age group 5-17, million)
245.5
222.3
215.3
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
2000 2004 2008
Year
Million
7
7
Global trends in child labour (age group 5-17, percentage)
16.0
13.6
14.2
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
8
8
Global trends in hazardous work (age group 5-17, million)
170.5
128.4
115.3
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
2000 2004 2008
Year
Million
9
9
Global trends in hazardous work (age group 5-17, percentage)
11.1
8.2
7.3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
10
10
Global trends in child labour, by sex (age group 5-17, million)
132.2
119.6
127.8
113.3
102.7
87.5
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
2000 2004 2008
Year
Million
Boys Girls
11
11
Global trends in child labour by sex (age group 5-17, percentage)
16.8%
14.9%
15.6%
15.2%
13.5%
11.4%
10.0%
11.0%
12.0%
13.0%
14.0%
15.0%
16.0%
17.0%
18.0%
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
Boys Girls
12
12
Children in employment (aged group 5-14, million)
127
17
48
122
11
49
96
10
58
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the
Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Region
Million
2000 2004 2008
13
13
Children in employment (aged group 5-14, percentage)
19.1 18.8
14.8; Asia and the
Pacific,
10.0
16.1
9.0; Latin America
and the Caribbean
26.4
28.8 28.4; Sub-Saharan
Africa
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
14
Magnitude of the problemMagnitude of the problem
Sectoral distribution of
working children, 2008
60.0%
25.5%
7.0%
7.5%
Agriculture
Services
Industry
Not Defined
15
Practical ActionPractical Action
ILOConventions and Declaration:
ILOMinimumAge
Convention No. 138,
1973
→ requires a national
policy for the elimination
of child labour
→ requires a
specification of a
minimum age
Ratified by: 156 of the
183 ILO member States
ILO Worst Forms of Child
LabourConvention No.
182, 1999
→ requires governments to
take immediate and
effective measures to
prohibit and eliminate the
worst forms of child labour
as a priority (art. 1)
Ratified by: 173 of the ILO
member States
ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at
Work
16
The International Programme on the Elimination of
Child Labour(IPEC)
• Launched in 1992
• Main objective: the progressive elimination of child labour
• To be achieved through strengthening the capacity of
countries to deal with the problem and promoting a
worldwide movement to combat child labour
• IPEC is now working in nearly 90 countries and benefitting
millions of children
• IPEC employs internationally recognized labour standards
and technical cooperation projects towards achievement of
its objective
• Tripartite cooperation with governments, workers’ and
employers’ organizations is the cornerstone of national
action against child labour and IPEC interventions
Practical ActionPractical Action
©G.Palazzo
17
The International Programme on the Elimination of Child
Labour(IPEC)
• In countries all over the world, IPEC inspires, guides and
supports national and regional initiatives to eliminate child
labour
• The basis of its action is the political will and commitment
of individual governments to address the problem
• IPEC operates a phased and multi-sectoral strategy which
motivates a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and
act against child labour
• Sustainability is built in from the start through an emphasis
on in-country ownership.
Practical ActionPractical Action
©G.Palazzo
18
IPEC’s strategy: “top down” & “bottomup”
Practical ActionPractical Action
©G.Palazzo
Working together with goverments, trade unions and employers to
improve legislation, support national plans of action on child labour and
strengthen the capacities of key players at the policy, planning and
intervention levels
Demonstrating viable strategies for the prevention of child labour,
withdrawal of children from work, the rehabilitation of former child
labourers and ensuring their access to education
Mainstreaming child
labour issues into
national and global
development
frameworks
Creating
awareness at all
levels and
mobilising
alliances and
partnerships
19
Practical ActionPractical Action
Projects supporting direct interventions for
at-riskchildren, child labourers, theirfamilies
and communities, including:
• Community mobilisation and awareness
raising
• Withdrawal and rehabilitation services
• Provision of education (formal and non-
formal) and vocational training
• Economic empowerment of targeted
families
• Local child labour monitoring, involving the
local community in identifying child labourers
and linking them to appropriate services
20
Practical ActionPractical Action
Achieving the elimination of the worst forms
of child labourby 2016 – the ILO’s three
pronged strategy
• Supporting national responses to child labour, in
particular, through effective mainstreaming of child
labour concerns in national development and policy
framework
• Deepening and strengthening the worldwide
movement; and
• Promoting further integration of child labour
concerns within overall ILO policies
21
Practical ActionPractical Action
The 2010 ILO Global Report: Accelerating
action against child labour
• Child labour continues to decline, but progress is
too slow and too uneven
• Significant acceleration and upscaling of action is
needed to achieve the 2016 goal
• Critical policy areas: education, social protection,
decent work for adults
The Hague 2010 Global Child LabourConference –
Roadmap adopted setting out priority actions for
ways to accelerate action and to increase
collaboration to achieve the 2016 goal

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Child Labour - Ipec presentation 2010

  • 1. 1 Targeting the intolerable The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
  • 2. 2 What is Child Labour? • It is workthat children should not be doing because they are too young to work, or– if they are old enough to work– because it is dangerous or otherwise unsuitable for them • Not all workdone by children should be classified as child labourto be eliminated. Some types of work, e.g. earning pocket money during school holidays, can be beneficial to a child’s development • Whether or not particularforms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of workperformed and the conditions under which it is performed, as set out in the ILO Conventions
  • 3. 3 Causes of Child Labour • Poverty • Culture and tradition • Barriers to education • Market demand • The effects of income shocks on households • Lackof legislation and/or poor enforcement of existing legislation
  • 4. 4 Consequences of Child Labour • Deprives themof schooling orrequires themto assume the multiple burdenof schooling and work • Jeopardises theirhealth and safety – high riskof illness and injury…even death • Affects theirphysical development (malnutrition, long working hours inbad conditions) • Exposes themto physical and psychological abuse and violence whichall have long termconsequences • Deprives themof their childhoodand of theirfuture
  • 5. 5 Magnitude of the problemMagnitude of the problem Child labourin the world 215,000,000 Child labourers, 5-17 years old 115,000,000 Engaged in hazardous work, 5-17 years old
  • 6. 6 6 Global trends in child labour (age group 5-17, million) 245.5 222.3 215.3 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 2000 2004 2008 Year Million
  • 7. 7 7 Global trends in child labour (age group 5-17, percentage) 16.0 13.6 14.2 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 2000 2004 2008 Year %
  • 8. 8 8 Global trends in hazardous work (age group 5-17, million) 170.5 128.4 115.3 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 2000 2004 2008 Year Million
  • 9. 9 9 Global trends in hazardous work (age group 5-17, percentage) 11.1 8.2 7.3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2000 2004 2008 Year %
  • 10. 10 10 Global trends in child labour, by sex (age group 5-17, million) 132.2 119.6 127.8 113.3 102.7 87.5 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 2000 2004 2008 Year Million Boys Girls
  • 11. 11 11 Global trends in child labour by sex (age group 5-17, percentage) 16.8% 14.9% 15.6% 15.2% 13.5% 11.4% 10.0% 11.0% 12.0% 13.0% 14.0% 15.0% 16.0% 17.0% 18.0% 2000 2004 2008 Year % Boys Girls
  • 12. 12 12 Children in employment (aged group 5-14, million) 127 17 48 122 11 49 96 10 58 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa Region Million 2000 2004 2008
  • 13. 13 13 Children in employment (aged group 5-14, percentage) 19.1 18.8 14.8; Asia and the Pacific, 10.0 16.1 9.0; Latin America and the Caribbean 26.4 28.8 28.4; Sub-Saharan Africa 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2000 2004 2008 Year %
  • 14. 14 Magnitude of the problemMagnitude of the problem Sectoral distribution of working children, 2008 60.0% 25.5% 7.0% 7.5% Agriculture Services Industry Not Defined
  • 15. 15 Practical ActionPractical Action ILOConventions and Declaration: ILOMinimumAge Convention No. 138, 1973 → requires a national policy for the elimination of child labour → requires a specification of a minimum age Ratified by: 156 of the 183 ILO member States ILO Worst Forms of Child LabourConvention No. 182, 1999 → requires governments to take immediate and effective measures to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a priority (art. 1) Ratified by: 173 of the ILO member States ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work
  • 16. 16 The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour(IPEC) • Launched in 1992 • Main objective: the progressive elimination of child labour • To be achieved through strengthening the capacity of countries to deal with the problem and promoting a worldwide movement to combat child labour • IPEC is now working in nearly 90 countries and benefitting millions of children • IPEC employs internationally recognized labour standards and technical cooperation projects towards achievement of its objective • Tripartite cooperation with governments, workers’ and employers’ organizations is the cornerstone of national action against child labour and IPEC interventions Practical ActionPractical Action ©G.Palazzo
  • 17. 17 The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour(IPEC) • In countries all over the world, IPEC inspires, guides and supports national and regional initiatives to eliminate child labour • The basis of its action is the political will and commitment of individual governments to address the problem • IPEC operates a phased and multi-sectoral strategy which motivates a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and act against child labour • Sustainability is built in from the start through an emphasis on in-country ownership. Practical ActionPractical Action ©G.Palazzo
  • 18. 18 IPEC’s strategy: “top down” & “bottomup” Practical ActionPractical Action ©G.Palazzo Working together with goverments, trade unions and employers to improve legislation, support national plans of action on child labour and strengthen the capacities of key players at the policy, planning and intervention levels Demonstrating viable strategies for the prevention of child labour, withdrawal of children from work, the rehabilitation of former child labourers and ensuring their access to education Mainstreaming child labour issues into national and global development frameworks Creating awareness at all levels and mobilising alliances and partnerships
  • 19. 19 Practical ActionPractical Action Projects supporting direct interventions for at-riskchildren, child labourers, theirfamilies and communities, including: • Community mobilisation and awareness raising • Withdrawal and rehabilitation services • Provision of education (formal and non- formal) and vocational training • Economic empowerment of targeted families • Local child labour monitoring, involving the local community in identifying child labourers and linking them to appropriate services
  • 20. 20 Practical ActionPractical Action Achieving the elimination of the worst forms of child labourby 2016 – the ILO’s three pronged strategy • Supporting national responses to child labour, in particular, through effective mainstreaming of child labour concerns in national development and policy framework • Deepening and strengthening the worldwide movement; and • Promoting further integration of child labour concerns within overall ILO policies
  • 21. 21 Practical ActionPractical Action The 2010 ILO Global Report: Accelerating action against child labour • Child labour continues to decline, but progress is too slow and too uneven • Significant acceleration and upscaling of action is needed to achieve the 2016 goal • Critical policy areas: education, social protection, decent work for adults The Hague 2010 Global Child LabourConference – Roadmap adopted setting out priority actions for ways to accelerate action and to increase collaboration to achieve the 2016 goal