AMEBIASIS-IN DETAIL

2.  It is an infection with the intestinal protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica.
 About 90% infections are asymptomatic, and the 10%
produce a spectrum of clinical syndrome ranging from
dysentry to abscesses of the liver or to other organs.

3.  About 10% of population infected globally.
 1 lakhs death occurs every year globally.
 High prevalence in tropics and subtropics.

4. DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES:
Travelers
Immigrants
Homosexual men
HIV positive
Immunodeficient states
Poverty
Ignorance
Over crowding
Poor sanitation
Malnutrition
DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES:

5. Two infecting species are cyst of E.histolytica and
E.dispar .
More common in tropical and subtropical areas with
poor sanitation.
Parasites occur in two forms a trophozoite form which
is active adult form seen in tissues and diarrhoeal stool
and a cystic form seen in formed stools but not in the
tissues .

6. Patients receiving glucocorticoids are high risk of
amebiasis
The lesions of amebiasis includes:
 Amoebic colitis
 Amoeboma
 Amoebic liver abscess
 Spread to other sites

8. o E.histolytica is acquired by ingestion of viable cysts
from fecally contaminated water , food or hands.
o Food being grown in feces contaminated soil ,
fertilizers and water.
o Oral and anal sexual practices.
o Rarely rectal innoculation through colonic irrigation
devices.

12.  Symptomatic amoebic colitis develops 2-6 weeks after
the ingestion of infectious cycts.
 A gradual onset of lower abdominal pain and mild
diarrhoea followed by malaise , weight loss and diffuse
lower abdominal or back pain
 Patients with full-blown dysentry may pass 10-12
stools/day
 More fulminant intestinal infection , with severe
abdominal pain , high fever and profuse diarrhoea in
rare and occurs predominantly in children

13.  INTESTINAL DISEASE:
Vague abdominal discomfort , malaise to
abdominal cramp , flatulence , bloody diarrhoea with
mucus.
 AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS:
High fever , elevated alkaline phosphate , liver
tenderness , palpitation , errosion of liver abscess.

14.  Point tenderness over the liver and right sided pleural
effusion
 Jaundice is rare but febrile
 Weight loss of hepatomegaly
 Painful genital ulcerations
 Hematogenous spread of the infection
 Pleuropulmonary involvement

15. Stool examinations , serologic test , non invasive
imaging of liver.
Fecal findings.
Amoebiasis are usually identified first by barium
enema , but biopsy is necessary for differentiation
from carcinoma.

17. Preventions of infection requires hygenic
adequate sanitation and eradication of cysts
carriage
It can be prevented by the avoidance of
unpeeled fruits and vegetables and use of
bottled water.