2. Crowd Sourcing
Gained prominence in June 2006 article The Rise of
Crowd Sourcing by Jeff Howe, in the Wired Magazine
Revolutionized how business firms, governments and
humanitarian organizations viewed the internet and
mobile phone market
“the act of taking a job traditionally performed by a
designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing
it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the
form of an open call”
3. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
The Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill one of the worst
environmental disasters in recent times
Volunteers and citizens recorded incidents, captured
images & videos and blogged on conditions in real time
Volunteered reports & data were used effectively to focus
on most significant problems
4. Map The Spill, Trimble
Users can upload photos,
videos and reports, also
download all freely
available information
Oiled shorelines,
stressed or dead wildlife,
and other spill-related
information can be
reported
Turns cell phone into
Citizen Reporting Tool
5.
6. Victorian Bushfires
Australia ravaged by Bushfires during hot and dry
summer months
The state of Victoria, Australia has a long history of
catastrophic bushfires
Large areas of land ravaged every year causing loss of life
and property
7. Country Fire Authority, Victoria
Handy map interface
allowing users to see
where fires are located
Users can share details
of incident to their
social networks straight
from app
People feel they are
contributing in
emergency situations.
Sends a huge signal to
community that says:
“We are all in this
together.”
8. OpenStreetMap
A collaborative project to create free, editable map of the
world. Over 1 million registered users who can collect
data using GPS devices, aerial photography, and other
free sources
restrictions on use/ availability of map information and
the advent of inexpensive portable satellite
navigation devices major driving forces
These crowdsourced data are then made available under
Open Database License
9. Data Format in OSM
Topological data structure with four core elements
Nodes : eg. Mountain Peaks (using WGS 84)
Ways : eg. Streets, rivers, forests, parks, parking
areas and lakes.
Relations : eg. Turn restrictions on roads
Tags : eg. Metadata of Map Objects
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill, the BP oil disaster, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and the Macondo blowout) was an oil spill that began in April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry, estimated to be between 8% and 31% larger in volume than the earlier Ixtoc I oil spill. Following the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, which claimed 11 lives,[5][6][7][8] a sea-floor oil gusher flowed for 87 days, until it was capped on 15 July 2010.[7][9] The total discharge is estimated at 4.9 million barrels (210 million US gal; 780,000 m3).[3]
A massive response ensued to protect beaches, wetlands and estuaries from the spreading oil utilizing skimmer ships, floating booms, controlled burns and 1.84 million US gallons (7,000 m3) of Corexit oil dispersant.[10]
BushFires: any uncontrolled, non-structural fire burning in a grass, scrub, bush or forested area
Common causes of bushfires include lightning, arcing from overhead power lines, arson, accidental ignition from agricultural clearing, grinding and welding, campfires, cigarettes and dropped matches, machinery, and controlled burn escapes
OpenStreetMap uses a topological data structure, with four core elements (also known as data primitives):
Nodes are points with a geographic position, stored as coordinates (pairs of a latitude and a longitude) according to WGS 84.[52] Outside of their usage in ways, they are used to represent map features without a size, such as points of interest or mountain peaks.
Ways are ordered lists of nodes, representing a polyline, or possibly a polygon if they form a closed loop. They are used both for representing linear features such as streets and rivers, and areas, like forests, parks, parking areas and lakes.
Relations are ordered lists of nodes and ways (together called "members"), where each member can optionally have a "role" (a string). Relations are used for representing the relationship of existing nodes and ways. Examples include turn restrictions on roads, routes that span several existing ways (for instance, a long-distance motorway), and areas with holes.
Tags are key-value pairs (both arbitrary strings). They are used to store metadata about the map objects (such as their type, their name and their physical properties). Tags are not free-standing, but are always attached to an object: to a node, a way, a relation, or to a member of an relation. A recommended ontology of map features (the meaning of tags) is maintained on a wiki.
