VET4SBO Level 3 module 1 - unit 1 - 0.009 en

1. ECVET Training for Operatorsof IoT-enabledSmart Buildings (VET4SBO)
2018-1-RS01-KA202-000411
Level: 3 (three)
Module: 1 Interdependencies of building operation
sub-systems
Unit 1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources

2. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• Building services are the systems installed in buildings to make them comfortable,
functional, efficient and safe, and they can include:
– Building control systems, Energy distribution.
– Energy supply (gas, electricity and renewable sources such as solar, wind,
geothermal and biomass).
– Escalators and lifts, Facade engineering (such as building shading requirements).
– Fire safety, detection and protection, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC).
– Information and communicationstechnology (ICT) networks.
– Lighting (natural and artificial), Lightning protection.
– Refrigeration, Security and alarm systems.
– Water, drainage and plumbing (including sustainable urban drainage systems
(SUDS)).
– Carbon emissions calculations and reduction.

3. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources – Building desing
• Building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building,
like, the weights, sizes and location of major plant and equipment, the position
of vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of horizontal services,
drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on.
• This means that building services design must be integrated into the overall
building design from a very early stage.
• The detection of clashes between building services and other building
componentsis a significant cause of delays and variations on site, not just in
terms of the physical services themselves, but also access to allow the builders
work in connection with those services.

4. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources – Building design
• The use of 3D computer aided design (CAD) systems and
building information modelling (BIM) should help reduce the
occurrence of such problems.
• Building services engineers are central to the design and
assessment of sustainable systems, in order to minimise the
resources consumed and the impact on the environment
during fabrication,construction,operation and dismantling.

5. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources – Building design
• Ensuring that building services meet the standards set can involve the use of
sophisticated simulation tools to predict the likely performance of buildings during
the design stages (including the assessment and comparison of different options), as
well as monitoring actual performance in use.
• However, clients and designers are becoming increasingly awareof a disparity
between the predicted and actual performance of buildings, with many buildings
using considerably more energy than had been expected (up to 5 times as much
according to the Carbon Trust‘s Low Carbon Buildings Accelerator and the Low
Carbon Buildings Programme).

6. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• The term ‘data’ refers to discrete facts, such as numbers. Data can be structured to
create information, organised to produce knowledge and applied to give wisdom, for
example, allowing decisions to be made. In terms of the digital economy, data is
often described as being the ‘new oil’.
• Data can be measured, collected, analysed, and represented in visual form using
images, graphs and other analytical tools.
• Raw (or unprocessed) data is in the form of numbers and characters that have not
been ‘cleaned’/corrected to remove outliers or obvious data entry errors. Field data
refers to raw data that is collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment.

7. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
The smart building systems generates huge quantities of data. Data
might be generated from a different sources, including:
• Post occupancy evaluation.
• Utilities, building services, meters, building management systems
and so on.
• Infrastructure and transport systems.
• Maintenance and replacement systems.
• Operational cost monitoring.
• ICT systems and equipment.

8. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• Data from these sources can be used to understand behaviour, assess
performance, improve market competitiveness,allocate resources, etc.
• Smart technologies and the IoT enable the collection, storage, analysis and
distribution vast amounts of data or, as it has become known, ‘Big Data’.
• The Open Data Institute (ODI) defines 'open data', that is, information that is
licensed for anyone to use, for any purpose, at no cost.

9. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
Data standardization
• In addition, the need for a standardized data output for hardware from
different manufacturers to communicate digitally with each other and
centralized control systemsbecame apparent.
• This led to communication protocols such as BACnet and the proprietary
LONworks, which paved the way for a ‘plug and play’ interchange of
systems and control hardware through building automation systems (BAS).

10. L3-M1-U1.1 Introduction to optimization methods
and strategies
Fault Detectionand Diagnostic
Optimizationof Energy ManagementSystems (EMS)
Automation(BAS)
Communication& Connectivity
BuildingManagement ConnectivitySystem( BMCS)
Building control and functionality pyramid

11. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• BACnet is a communications protocol for Building Automation and Control
(BAC) networks that leverage the ASHRAE, ANSI, and ISO 16484-5standard
protocol.
• BACnet was designed to allow communication of building automation and
control systems for applications such as heating, ventilating, and air-
conditioning control (HVAC),lighting control, access control, and fire
detection systems and their associatedequipment.
http://www.bacnet.org/
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BACnet

12. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
Benefits of standard protocol for system communication:
• Single operator workstation,integration of different system, Interoperability
(Data sharing, Alarm and event management, Trending, Scheduling, Remote
device and network management)
BACNET application into smart
buildings by year

13. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• BACnet, by its nature, provides local control of a building.
• That removes any dependencies and risks of relying on external networks
and services to maintain a comfortable and productive environment for
building occupants.
• If employees are not comfortable, their productivity goes down. If
customers in a retail or service environment are not comfortable, they
likely will take their business elsewhere.
• BACnet technology and the innovative algorithms manufacturers have
developed in their devices, keep these things from happening and protects
the revenue stream for the building owner/operator/ tenant.

14. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
CEN/TC 247 Scope of BACNET
• Standardisation of building automation, controls and building
management systems and services for residential and non-
residential buildings.
• These standards include the definitions, requirements,
functionality and test methods of building automationproducts
and systems for automatic control of building services installations.

15. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
CEN TC 247 protocols and standards for data excange
• Management Level
– BACnet
• Automation level
– BACnet
– WorldFIP, Profibus FMS, EIBnet
• Field Level
– EIB, BatiBUS, EHS, LonTalk

16. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
BACnet communicationrules:
• Developed a standard network view
• Developed standard messages for connecting and managing
devices
• Defined encoding (protocols standards)
• Defined connection links and networking standards

17. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• Objects represent physical inputs, outputs and software
processes.
• An object is simply a collection of information related to a
particular function that can be uniquely identified and
accessed over a network in a standardized way.
• Objects may represent single physical “points,” or logical
groupings of points that perform a specific function. Objects
meet the design requirement of providing each device with a
common “network view”.

18. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• All BACnet objects provide a set of properties which are used to get
information from the object, or give information and commands to an
object.
• Each property is defined by its name and value, like in OOP (Object
Oriented Programming)
• Example: Temperaturesensor:
• Properties: Current_Temperature,status_flags, High_Limit, Low_Limit

19. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• BACNet standardni objekti u mrežnim sistemima

20. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• A "BACnet Device" is simply a collection of objects that
represents the functions actually present in a given real device,
like sensors.
Device
IO AV BI
BO AI AO

21. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
Application layer (Services)
• Alarm and Event Services
• File Access Services
• Object Access Services
• Remote Device Managament Services
• Virtual Terminal Services

22. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• The service names pretty much describe what the services do.
• The ReadProperty service, for example, is a message that contains
the object and property identifiers that uniquely identify which
object's property is to be read and sent back.
• The message is always sent to a specific recipient and returns,
hopefully, the requested property value in a standard form.

23. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources

24. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• The two routers shown above
implement the BACnet network
layer protocol and allow devices on
disparate networksto communicate.
Messages between the ARCNET
and MS/TP LANs pass through
both routers via the Ethernet
segment in the middle.

25. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• BACnet messages can travel over networksthat use the
Internet Protocol (IP) as their networkingprotocol.
• The major distinction between the two ways that BACnet can
work over an IP internet can be summarized as follows:
• In IP message tunneling, the BACnet devices don't know, or
need to know, anything at all about IP.
• In BACnet/IP, each BACnet device is actually a full-fledged IP
node, complete with its own IP address and IP protocol stack.

26. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources
• BACnet/IP devices view the IP internet as if it were a local area network.
• A device's IP address (a 4-octet number like 128.253.245.74) serves the
same purpose as a device's MAC or physical LAN address in other BACnet
networks (and in the BACnet network layer protocol control information).
• In order to control all of the functions that the SSPC wanted BACnet/IP to
provide, the committee came up with the idea of a "BACnet Virtual Link
Layer" or BVLL.
• The BVLL provides a set of messages that are used to deal, among other
things, with specific idiosyncrasies of IP networks, such as the way
broadcasts are handled. More on this in a moment.

27. L3-M1-U1.1 Understand the interdependencies of
data sources

28. Resources

29. Thank you for your attention.
https://pixabay.com/illustrations/thank-you-polaroid-letters-2490552/

30. Disclaimer
For further information, relatedto the VET4SBO project, please visit the project’swebsite at https://smart-building-
operator.euor visit us at https://www.facebook.com/Vet4sbo.
Downloadour mobile app at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vet4sbo.mobile.
This project (2018-1-RS01-KA202-000411) has been funded with support from the European Commission (Erasmus+
Programme). Thispublicationreflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible
for any use which may be made of the informationcontainedtherein.