Building design for differently abled

1. Building design for
differently abled
Veenapriya ,A9038

2. Introduction
People of diverse abilities should be able to use buildings and places comfortably and safely, as far as
possible without special assistance. They should be able to find their way easily, understand how to use
building facilities.
An environment that is friendly for the differently abled people should be a space that allows
free and safe movement function and access with dignity and indepenence.
A successful design should ensure provision of an environment that supports the independent function
of individuals so that they can get to and participate without assistance in everyday activities.
Standards to be followed for such a design should ensure satisfaction for anyone who is hampered in
his mobility of function as a result of obstacles put in his way by the designing of the building , choice
of hardware, equipment and arrangement of exterior space. Hence, the design for differently abled
people should present exceptional opportunities to create a well conceived and aesthetically pleasing
space which provides a sense of comfort, indepenence and control.

3. Data
collection

4. “Description of a physical mobility
disability/wheel chair
Reduced mobility is a form of disability which includes a
reduction in capacity of movement and movement of a
person. People in wheel chair are dependant of the
environment more than the other.

5. Needs of people with a mobility difficulty
 People with mobility difficulties have problem to move, walk, go in the stairs, and any
small step can be a barrier of a circulation.
 Precaution for the wheelchair access must be specially taken.
 They need a wide way with a very low slope, no steps.
 Wheelchairs must have enough place to rotated and change the way.
 the access of the tap, object, doors handle is more difficult and those component
must be placed in order to permit an easier contact to it.

6. Universal design principles
The seven Principles that describe
characteristics that make designs universally
usable are:

7. 1. Equitable Use
2. Flexibility in Use
3. Simple and Intuitive
4. Perceptible Information
5. Tolerance for Error
6. Low Physical Effort
7. Size and Space for Approach and Use

8. Car parking
width of parking bay shall be min. _3.60 Meter.
Parallel designated parking spaces should be
7000mm in length
canopy height clearance should be at least of
2600mm.
in case of paid parking , the clear area at the
front of the machine of at least 1850mm depth
and 2100mm width.
Access routes
A clear width of 2000mm is recommended.
Where the clear width of an access route is less
than 2000mm, passing places should be
provided. It should be 2000mm wide x 2500mm
long
Guardrails or barriers should be 1200mm high
Design considerations
Ramp
External ramps should have a gradient not exceeding 1 in
20, with a maximum rise of 450mm .
External steps
The clear width of external steps should not be less than
1200mm.
The total rise of a flight of steps between landings should
be no more than 1500mm
Corridors
A minimum corridor width of 1500mm is recommended.
Entrances
Adequate space should be provided outside all entrance
doors to enable people to manoeuvre, understand, access,
and use any intercom or entry system.
Doors
The clear opening width of entrance doors to new buildings
should be 1000mm and at least 850mm for existing
buildings.

9. Toilet
Grab rails should be provided to both sides of the
cubicle.
The WC seat should be 480mm above floor level
Enlarged cubicles should be 1200mm wide and
provide a 900mm x 900mm circulation space clear
A self-contained accessible changing area should
have the recommended dimensions of 2300mm x
2500mm
Public telephones
the uppermost control should be no higher than
1370mm above floor level.
Vending machines
vending machines should be positioned b/n 750mm
and 1200mm above floor level
Internal stairs
The clear width of internal stairs should not be less
than 1200mm. it should be measured between
handrails.
Handrails should be positioned with the upper
surface 900mm to 1000mm above the pitch line of
the stair flight and 900 to 1100mm above landings.
Passenger lifts
Passenger lifts should always be located adjacent
to stairs
A lift should have recommended internal
dimensions of 1800mm x 1800mm.
Sanitary facilities
The horizontal travel distance to the nearest toilet
facilities within a public building should not exceed
40m.
.

10. CASE
STUDIES
Falcognana Elderly Center Rome,
Day Centre and Housing for the Disabled,
House of Disable People's Organization

11. 1,Falcognana Elderly Center, Rome
The Falconine Elderly center is a single story structure with an area of 4000 sqm.
This building include many people with mental and physical disabilities. and also
it has been designed to accommodate the needs of its residents requiring special
care and services.

12. 2, Day Centre and Housing for the Disabled
This building is located in Seregno MB, Italy. This day care centre include many
people with physical and mental disabilities. The building ensures easy
accessibility for all type of users.

13. 3, House of Disable People's Organization
This 12600.0 sqm building is located in Denmark. Approximately 20 different organizations
are now represented in the House of Disabled People's Organizations. The organizations'
objective with this new house was to create 'the World's Most accessible office building, to
show how an accessible, usable, sustainable building can be done, removing all kinds of
barriers at no extra cost

14. Comparative analysis of case studies
Spaces Case study 1 Case study 2 Case study 3
Access to the
building
Access from the main street
by car or bus
Better accessibility for bus or
car
Access from the main street
by car or bus
Car parking Separate parking spaces for
physically challenged
parking spaces for disabled
people have been provided.
Parking space:
3.7m X 5.7m
Pedestrian access Wheel chair access with
ramps(1 in 15), access
through stairs as well.
Ramps are used instead of
stairs.
Both ramps and stairs are
provided.
Entrance to the
building
The clear opening width of the
door is 1300mm
Entrance door is 1500mm
wide
Ramps are used instead of
steps.
Ramp Clear width_1200mm
Slope 1:15
Ramp width _1300mm Ramp width _1300mm
Stairs Width of stairs_1800mm No steps.
Ramps are used.
Stairs width _2000mm
Escalators Not provided Not provided Not provided
Horizontal
circulation
Corridor width_2200mm
Railing at height 1100mm
Grab rails are provided at a
height of 1100mm
Minimum corridor
width_2000mm.
Hand rails at a height of
1000mm.
Doors Internal doors_1000mm wide Door width_1100mm
Absence of thresholds.
Door width_1200mm
Sanitary facilities Avg area_2.7m2
Door width_1100mm
Avg area_5.7m2
Door width_1000mm __
Ambience Well designed building
minimize the travel distance,
clear circlation roots
The building provide easy
accessibility for all kind of
users.
Different color codes are
used all over the building
enable ease of identification.

15. 4,
Inferences and
conclusion discussed in
chapter 3
Guidelines for designing accessible building.
Conclusion

16. “The 3 case studies highlight the fact that a
friendly and accessible design for the differently
abled involves the creation of a positive
ambience with respect to design and
functionality besides simply following the
various standards and regulations.

17. Guidelines for designing accessible building.
Access Path/Walk Way :-
Access path from plot entry and surface parking to
Building entrance shall be minimum of 1800 mm. wide
having even surface without any steps. Slope, if any,
shall not have gradient greater than 5%
Parking :-
Surface parking for two Car Spaces shall be provided
near entrance for the physically handicapped persons
with maximum travel distance of 30.0 meter from
building entrance.
The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.6 meter.
Approach to plinth level
Every building should have at least one entrance
accessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by
proper signage.
entrance shall be approached through a ramp together
with the stepped entry.
Ramped Approach :-
Ramp shall be finished with non slip material
to enter the building. Minimum width of ramp
shall be 1800 mm. with maximum gradient
shall be 1:15.
Stepped Approach :-
For stepped approach size of tread shall not
be less than 300 mm. and maximum riser
shall be 150 mm.
Exit/Entrance Door :-
Minimum clear opening of the entrance door
shall be 900 mm. and it shall not be provided
with a step that obstructs the passage of a
wheel chair user.
Threshold shall not be raised more than 12
mm.

18. Entrance Landing :-
Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp
with the minimum dimension 1800 mm x 2000 mm.
The minimum width of Corridor connecting the
entrance/exit shall be 1500 mm.
Hand rails shall be provided for ramps/slope ways
Stair-ways :
The minimum width shall be 1350 mm.
Hand rails shall be provided on both sides and shall
extend 300 mm. on the top and bottom of each flight of
steps.
Lifts :-
Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision of
at least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair users.
The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of
1800 mm x 1800 mm. or more.
Clear internal depth :1100mm
Clear internal width :2000mm
Entrance door width : 900 mm.
Toilets :-
One special W.C. in a set of toilet shall be
provided for the use of handicapped, with
essential provision of wash basin near the
entrance for the handicapped.
The minimum size shall be 1500 mm x 1750
mm.
Minimum clear opening of the door shall be
900 mm. and the door shall swing out.
Proper signage :-
Appropriate identification of specific facilities
within a building for the handicapped persons
should be done with proper signage.

19. Conclusion
The basic responsibility of an architect is to help any differently abled person in accessing and
participating in the built environment, thereby ensuring equal opportunities leading to their active
participation in social life .
Although this design aims at providing accessible spaces for people with mobility impairments in
particular, some of the differently abled people interviewed have demanded the need for a universal
design which is not just about age or ability but also about creating a usable design for the broadest
category of users which offer years of increased utility, comfort, and safety.
When the built environment is designed to empower the disabled , the able bodied users will find it
even more user-friendly. Therefore, every built environment should be designed for its easy
comprehension and understanding for the differently abled.
Accessibility principles must be followed when planning, designing and building infrastructure and
vehicles. These require approved standards or recognised best practices, minimum accessibility
requirements for wheelchairs, features for people with walking difficulties, and facilities to assist the
blind, deaf or hearing impaired people.
This dissertation points out for the need of a universal design.

20. Thanks!