Kathleen Nathan's powerpoint

1. Camera Obscura Before Photography camera - chamber obscura - dark

3. Early References 400 BC - Founder of Mohism, Mo-ti, is attributed with the first known mention of the basic concept of a pinhole camera. 350 BC - Aristotle makes practical use of the principles of a pinhole camera by observing the sun during a partial solar eclispse by using gaps between leaves of tree and holes in a sieve. 1000 AD - Ibn al-Haytham al Hazen Alhazen, studied the reverse image formed by a tiny hole and indicated the rectilinear propagation of light . http://www.paleo-camera.com / http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PxOlAfPO40

4. Leonardo da Vinci provides the first detailed description of the pinhole camera in the Codex Atlanticus. 1485 1545 First Illustration

5. Johanna Kepler, German astronomer first used the term camera obscura 1604 1700’s During this period, the Dutch masters, especially Johannes Vermeer, renowned for their meticulous detail, make use of the pinhole camera and sedan chairs to produce their masterpieces. This remains a controversial, and fascinating study. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/vermeer_camera_01.shtml

6. The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before such an application was possible. In 1827, Joseph Nicephore Niepce captured an image on a bitumen-coated metal plate using a pinhole camera to produce the first photographic image he dubbed heliographs. After Louis Daguerre improved the process, daguerreotypes were born, ushering the age of modern photography.

7. Joseph Nicephore Niepce captured an image on a bitumen-coated metal plate using a pinhole camera to produce the first photographic image he dubbed heliographs. 1827 Louis Daguerre improved the process, daguerreotypes were born, ushering the age of modern photography. 1839

8. Abelardo Morell contemporary work Camera Obscura http://www.abelardomorell.net/photography/cameraobsc_01/cameraobsc_01.html

18. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/vermeer_camera_01.shtml http://www.precinemahistory.net/1750.htm http://www.obscurajournal.com/history.php