What is Cyber crime ?
Cyber crime is a crime committed over the Internet.
 It could be against the government, property and
against any person in various forms.
 The law enforcement agencies are facing difficulties
in dealing with cyber crime.
 In India, Information Technology Act, 2000 is the
legislation that deals with issue related to cyber crime.

HISTORY
 The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year
1820 in FRANCE
 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in
France, produced the loom
 This device allowed the repetition of a series of steps
in the weaving of special fabrics.
 This resulted in a fear amongst employees that their
tradiotional employment was being threatened
 They committed acts of sabotage(Destruction of
property or obstruction of normal operations, as by
civilians or enemy agents in time of war.) to
discourge further use of the new technology

Introduction
 Advancements in modern technology have
helped countries develop and expand their
communication networks, enabling faster
and easier networking and information
exchange.
 Currently, there are nearly 2 billion internet
users and over 5 billion mobile phone
connections worldwide.
 Every day, 294 billion emails and 5 billion
phone messages are exchanged.

As businesses and societies in general
increasingly rely on computers and internet-based
networking, cyber crime and digital
attack incidents have increased around the
world.
 These attacks — generally classified as any
crime that involves the use of a computer
network — include financial scams,
computer hacking, downloading
pornographic images from the internet, virus
attacks, e-mail stalking and creating
websites that promote racial hatred.

The first major instance of cyber crime was
reported in 2000, when a mass-mailed
computer virus affected nearly 45 million
computer users worldwide
 In 2011, at least 2.3 billion people, the
equivalent of more than one third of the
world’s total population, had access to the
internet
 Over 60 per cent of all internet users are in
developing countries, with 45 per cent of all
internet users below the age of 25 years.

 In the hyperconnected world of tomorrow, it
will become hard to imagine a ‘computer
crime’, and perhaps any crime, that does not
involve electronic evidence linked with
internet protocol (IP) connectivity.
 In 2009, the cost of information lost to cyber
crime nearly doubled, from US$265 million in
2008 to US$560 million

CYBER CRIMINALS
 Kids (age group 9-16 )
 Organized hacktivists
 Disgruntled employees
 Professional hackers (corporate
espionage)

TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
 Financial crimes- cheating, credit card
frauds , money laundering forgery etc .
 Sale of illegal articles:
 Online gambling
 Intellectual Property crimes
 Theft of information contained in
electronic form
 E-mail bombing

 Data Diddling
 Salami attacks
 E-mail spoofing
 Cyber defamation
 Hacking
 Trojan attacks
 Phishing

E-mail spoofing
 The sender address and other parts of the
e-mail header are altered
 Form , Return-Path and Reply to fields
 Although the e-mail appears to come from
the address indicated in the Form field it
actually comes from another source
 Prevention
i. Antivirus
ii. Use cryptographic signatures

E-mail spoofing

Salami Attack
 A series of minor attacks that togrther
results in a larger attack
 Used for financial crimes in which criminals
steal money or resources a bit at a time
from a system
 Preventation
i. Find indications of an attack
ii. Random audits
iii. Don’t ignor what appears to be errors in
computer-based financial systems

Data Diddling
o Changing of data before or during entry
into the computer system
o Forging or counterfeiting documents
used for data entry
o Exchanging valid disks and tapes with
modified replacements
o Prevention
i. Regular audits
ii. Supervising employees

Cyber crime – a growing
challenge for governments
o In a digital age, where online communication
has become the norm, internet users and
governments face increased risks of becoming
the targets of cyber attacks. As cyber criminals
continue to develop and advance their
techniques, they are also shifting their targets
— focusing less on theft of financial
information and more on business espionage
and accessing government information. To
fight fast-spreading cyber crime, governments
must collaborate globally to develop an
effective model that will control the threat.

Cost of cyber crime in india
 29.9 million people felt victim to cyber
crime
 $4 billion in direct financial losses,
 $3.6 billion in time spent resolving the
crime,
 4 in 5 online adults (80%) have been a
victim of cybercrime
 17% of adults online have experienced
cybercrime on their mobile phones.

LAW ENFORCEMENT
Section 66: Hacking
 Destruction, deletion, alteration, diminishing
value or utility or injuriously affecting
informaion residing in a computer resource
 Punishment
Imprisonment up to three years, and fine up
to 2 lac
Section 70: Protected System
 Securing unauthorised access or attempting
to secure unauthorised access to protected
system
 Punishment
Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine

Sec 67: Pronography
 Publishing or transmitting or causing to be
published in the electronic form
 Obscene material
 Punishment
 On first conviction
Imprisonment of either description up to five
years and fine up to 1 lac rupees
 On subesquent conviction
Imprisonment of either description up to 10
years and fine up to 2 lac rupees

Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec 503 IPC
Sending offensive messages by e-mail Sec 499, 500 IPC
Forgery of electronic records Sec 463, 470, 471 IPC
Bogus websites,cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC
Email spoofing Sec 416, 417, 463 IPC
Online sale of drugs NDPS Act
Web-Jacking Sec 383 IPC
Online sale of arms Arms Act

Dispute Resolution in Cyberspace
 Indian Laws
i. Information Technology Act, 2000
ii. Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008
iii. Cyber crime investigation cell
iv. Communications convergence Bill, 2001
v. Cyber security forum-Joint collaboration between
India and U.S.
i. E-Governance and E-Policy
ii. Punishments
 International initiatives
i. Arbitration and Mediation- Conventions
ii. World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
iii. Council of Europe Convention on cyber crime
iv. Cyber Tribunals

Prevention
 Never disclose your personal
information publicly on websites. This is
as good as disclosing your identity to
strangers in public place
 Always avoid sending any photograph
online particularly to strangers and chat
friends as there have been incidents of
misuse of the photographs

 Never enter your credit card number to any
site that is not secured, to prevent its misuse
 Always keep a watch on the sites that your
children are accessing to prevent any kind of
harassment or depravation in children
 Always use latest and updated Antivirus
software to guard against virus attacks
 To prevent loss of data due to virus attacks,
always keep back up of your data.
 It is advisable to use a security program that
gives control over the cookies and send
information back to the site, as leaving the
cookies unguarded might prove fatal

 Use of firewalls proves beneficial
 Website owners should watch traffic and
check any irregularity on the site. Putting
host-based intrusion detection devices on
servers will serve the purpose

Solution
 An important question arises that how can
these crimes be prevented
 A number of techniques & solution have been
presented but the problem still exists & are
increasing day by day
 Antivirus & Anti Spyware Software:
Antivirus software consists of computer
programs that attempt to identify, thwart &
eliminate computer viruses & other malicious
software. Anti spy wares are used to restrict
backdoor program, trojans & other spy wares
to be installed on the computer

 Firewalls:
A firewall protect a computer network form
unauthorized access. Network firewalls may
be hardware devices, software programs, or
a combination of the two. A network firewall
typically guards an internal computer
network against malicious access from
outside the network
 Cyber security must be pursued with the
same intensity as efforts to eradicate global
poverty or tackle climate change

CONCLUSION….
 Indian laws are well drafted & are capable of
handling all kinds of challenges as posed by
cyber criminals. However, the enforcement
agencies are required to be well versed with
the changing technologies & laws
 As internet technology advances so does the
threat of cyber crime. In times like these we
must protect ourselves from cyber crime. Anti-virus
software, firewalls & security patches are
just the beginning. Never open suspicious e-mails
& only navigate to trusted sites.

PRACHI