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EVOLUTION OF TRILOBITE & ITS
STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE
SEMINAR CONTENTS
Introduction
What are Trilobites?
Evolutionary trends in Trilobita
Palaeoecology, Stratigraphic implication
Conclusions
References
Introduction
Trilobites are very significant invertebrate group in
Fossil Record. Short and significant fossil record. In
short span of time records as evolved highly shows as a
Time Markers.
Exclusively Aquatic, marine in habit.
Shows evolutionary trends in all Segments like:
Cephalon- Head
Thorax- Body
Pygidium- Tail region
Geological Time Markers
Stratigraphically significant
What are Trilobites?
•Trilobites are hard-shelled, segmented creatures that existed
over 300 million years ago.
• Trilobites were among the first of arthropods(a phylum of hard-
shelled creatures with multiple body segments and jointed legs).
•They belong to class Trilobita(9 orders, over 150 families,
thousands of genera, over 15,000 described species.
•The smallest known trilobite is just over a millimeter long, while
the largest include species from 30-70 cm in length.
•Life styles of trilobites include planktonic, swimming, and
crawling forms (predators and scavengers).
•Most trilobites are about an inch long.
Evolution of trilobite &amphibians  its stratigraphic significance
Morphology:
1) Body divided into 3
lobes: an axial and two
lateral (hence
name)
2) Body also divided into
head (cephalon),
thorax and
abdomen
(pygidium)
3) Segmented body
4) Hard exoskeleton
5) Well developed eyes
6) Biramus limbs
(7) Extinct group of marine
organisms
PHACOPS
Trilobite Species
STUDY OF EVOLUTIONARY CHARECTERS OF TRILOBITES
THE EVOLUTIONARY CHARACTER EXHIBITED IN TRILOBITE CAN BE
BROADLY STUDIED IN THE THREE DIFFERENT BODY SEGMENTS . IN THE
ANTERIOR SIDE THE HEAD OR CEPHALONE REGION SHOWS A PRIMITIVE TYPE OF
COMPLETE SEGMENTED IN THE GLABELLAR REGION FOLLOWED BY
LENGTHENING PROTRUSION OF GLABELLAR ON BOTH SIDES. THE STEPS OF
DISAPPEARENCE OF SEGMENTATION IN THE GLABELLAR REGION CONTINEOUS
FOLLOWED BY CLOSENESS OF GLABELLOR FURROWS.
THE TREND OF GLABELLOR REGION THE SHAPE CHANGING FROM
HIGHLY SEGMENTED TO SEGMENT LESS GLABELLA
COMING TO MIDDLE SEGMENT THORAXIC REGION
SHOWS THE TREND OF EVOLUTION AS FOLLOWS
1.PROGRESSIVE DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF THORAXIC SEGMENT
2.CHANGE FROM SPINOPLEURAL EXTREMITY TO BLENTY ROUNDED
3.PROGRESSIVE ENLARGEMENT OF PYGIDIUM
4.HIGHLY MODIFIED PYGIDIUM WITH SEGMENT DIFFERENT FROM PLEURAL
PYGIDIUM SHOWING DISAPPEARENCE OF ALL SEGMENT AND LASTLY
PYGIDIUM SHOW REDUCTION OF LENGTH IN AXIAL LOBE.
EVOLUTIONARY TREND IN
EYE/CEPHALON REGION
THE TREND OF EVOLUTION OF EYE APPEARS TO BE RENIFORM
CLOSE TO GLABELLOR AND MOVES TOWARDS THE
PERIPHERAL MARGIN OF CEPHALON REGION AND BECOME
DISTINCT AND DISAPPEAR AND AGAIN INCREASE IN THE EYE
SIZE HIGHLY EVOLVED INTO COMPOUND EYE OCCUPIES MORE
OR LESS FULL CHEEK REGION AND THE EYE BECOME WITH
STOCKED EYE. THE STOCKED EYE IS THE YOUNGEST TREND
OF EVOLUTION.
Role of Trilobites in Paleoecological studies
•Most trilobites lived in fairly shallow water; they
were benthic.
•They walked on the bottom and probably fed on
detritus.
•A few, like agnostids, may have been pelagic,
floating in the water column.
•Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites generally lived
in shallow water.
•After the Ordovician, when many trilobite group
declined or went extinct, the survivors tended to be
restricted to deeper water.
Evolution of trilobite &amphibians  its stratigraphic significance
Stratigraphy
TREMADOC
Stratigraphic Implication
•Trilobites, including Agnostids, are useful
for biostratigraphic correlation of Cambrian
rocks (Index fossil)
•Palaeoecology and Environment implication
Most Trilobites lived in shallow water, they
were benthic. After Ordovician, the survivors
tends to be restricted to deeper water.
Evolution of trilobite &amphibians  its stratigraphic significance
REFERENCES
REFERENCE
RAYMOND C. MOORE (1952) Invertbrate Fossils Pub. Mc
Graw Hill Book Com. NY London, Pp 497-515
Web Address:
http://www.trilobites.info/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobite
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/trilobita/trilob
ita.html
trilobite.electrolux.com
www.georgehart.com/trilobites/trilobite.html
Evolution of trilobite &amphibians  its stratigraphic significance

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Evolution of trilobite &amphibians its stratigraphic significance

  • 1. EVOLUTION OF TRILOBITE & ITS STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE
  • 2. SEMINAR CONTENTS Introduction What are Trilobites? Evolutionary trends in Trilobita Palaeoecology, Stratigraphic implication Conclusions References
  • 3. Introduction Trilobites are very significant invertebrate group in Fossil Record. Short and significant fossil record. In short span of time records as evolved highly shows as a Time Markers. Exclusively Aquatic, marine in habit. Shows evolutionary trends in all Segments like: Cephalon- Head Thorax- Body Pygidium- Tail region Geological Time Markers Stratigraphically significant
  • 4. What are Trilobites? •Trilobites are hard-shelled, segmented creatures that existed over 300 million years ago. • Trilobites were among the first of arthropods(a phylum of hard- shelled creatures with multiple body segments and jointed legs). •They belong to class Trilobita(9 orders, over 150 families, thousands of genera, over 15,000 described species. •The smallest known trilobite is just over a millimeter long, while the largest include species from 30-70 cm in length. •Life styles of trilobites include planktonic, swimming, and crawling forms (predators and scavengers). •Most trilobites are about an inch long.
  • 6. Morphology: 1) Body divided into 3 lobes: an axial and two lateral (hence name) 2) Body also divided into head (cephalon), thorax and abdomen (pygidium) 3) Segmented body 4) Hard exoskeleton 5) Well developed eyes 6) Biramus limbs (7) Extinct group of marine organisms
  • 9. STUDY OF EVOLUTIONARY CHARECTERS OF TRILOBITES THE EVOLUTIONARY CHARACTER EXHIBITED IN TRILOBITE CAN BE BROADLY STUDIED IN THE THREE DIFFERENT BODY SEGMENTS . IN THE ANTERIOR SIDE THE HEAD OR CEPHALONE REGION SHOWS A PRIMITIVE TYPE OF COMPLETE SEGMENTED IN THE GLABELLAR REGION FOLLOWED BY LENGTHENING PROTRUSION OF GLABELLAR ON BOTH SIDES. THE STEPS OF DISAPPEARENCE OF SEGMENTATION IN THE GLABELLAR REGION CONTINEOUS FOLLOWED BY CLOSENESS OF GLABELLOR FURROWS. THE TREND OF GLABELLOR REGION THE SHAPE CHANGING FROM HIGHLY SEGMENTED TO SEGMENT LESS GLABELLA
  • 10. COMING TO MIDDLE SEGMENT THORAXIC REGION SHOWS THE TREND OF EVOLUTION AS FOLLOWS 1.PROGRESSIVE DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF THORAXIC SEGMENT 2.CHANGE FROM SPINOPLEURAL EXTREMITY TO BLENTY ROUNDED 3.PROGRESSIVE ENLARGEMENT OF PYGIDIUM 4.HIGHLY MODIFIED PYGIDIUM WITH SEGMENT DIFFERENT FROM PLEURAL PYGIDIUM SHOWING DISAPPEARENCE OF ALL SEGMENT AND LASTLY PYGIDIUM SHOW REDUCTION OF LENGTH IN AXIAL LOBE.
  • 11. EVOLUTIONARY TREND IN EYE/CEPHALON REGION THE TREND OF EVOLUTION OF EYE APPEARS TO BE RENIFORM CLOSE TO GLABELLOR AND MOVES TOWARDS THE PERIPHERAL MARGIN OF CEPHALON REGION AND BECOME DISTINCT AND DISAPPEAR AND AGAIN INCREASE IN THE EYE SIZE HIGHLY EVOLVED INTO COMPOUND EYE OCCUPIES MORE OR LESS FULL CHEEK REGION AND THE EYE BECOME WITH STOCKED EYE. THE STOCKED EYE IS THE YOUNGEST TREND OF EVOLUTION.
  • 12. Role of Trilobites in Paleoecological studies •Most trilobites lived in fairly shallow water; they were benthic. •They walked on the bottom and probably fed on detritus. •A few, like agnostids, may have been pelagic, floating in the water column. •Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites generally lived in shallow water. •After the Ordovician, when many trilobite group declined or went extinct, the survivors tended to be restricted to deeper water.
  • 16. Stratigraphic Implication •Trilobites, including Agnostids, are useful for biostratigraphic correlation of Cambrian rocks (Index fossil) •Palaeoecology and Environment implication Most Trilobites lived in shallow water, they were benthic. After Ordovician, the survivors tends to be restricted to deeper water.
  • 18. REFERENCES REFERENCE RAYMOND C. MOORE (1952) Invertbrate Fossils Pub. Mc Graw Hill Book Com. NY London, Pp 497-515 Web Address: http://www.trilobites.info/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobite www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/trilobita/trilob ita.html trilobite.electrolux.com www.georgehart.com/trilobites/trilobite.html