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Wildlife in india
Wildlife in india
INTRODUCTION
 Wildlife includes all non-domesticated
plants, animals and other organisms.
 Domesticating wild plant and animal
species for human benefit has occurred
many times all.
 This has effects are all over the planet, and
has a major impact on the
environment, both positive and negative
 Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems.
 Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other
areas including the most developed
urban sites, all have distinct forms of
wildlife.
 But today most of the wildlife around the
world is affected by human activities
 This has been a reason for debate
throughout recorded history.
Wildlife of India
 Wildlife of India is a mix of species of
diverse origins.
 The regions rich and diverse wildlife is
preserved in numerous national parks
and wildlife sanctuaries across the
country.
 Since India is home to a number of rare
and threatened animal species, wildlife
management in the country is essential
to preserve these species.
Wildlife in india
 According to one study, India along with
mega diverse countries and is home to
about 60-70% of the world‟s biodiversity.
 India, lying within the Indomalaya
ecozone, is home to about 7.6% of all
mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of
reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant
species.
Wildlife in india
Need conservation of for
wildlife in India
 The need for conservation of wildlife in
India is often questioned because of the
apparently incorrect priority in the face
of direct poverty of the people.
 Many rare species of animals that are
only found in India are getting extinct
day by day.
 Examples are Bengal tigers, Asiatic lions
found in India, many species of reptiles
etc
Wildlife in india
 Wildlife Protection Act The Wildlife
Protection Act of 1972 refers to as weeping
package of legislation enacted in 1972 by
the Government of India.
 The Act provides for the protection of wild
animals, birds and plants; and for matters
connected therewith or ancillary or
incidental thereto.
 The act came in action in 1972 , and
thereafter increased the protection of
wildlife to higher level
Tiger protection
 The framework was then setup to formulate a project
for tiger conservation with an ecological approach.
 Launched on April 1, 1973, Project Tiger has become
one of the most successful conservation ventures in
modern history.
 The project aims at tiger conservation in specially
constituted tiger reserves which are representative of
various bio-geographical regions falling within India.
 It strives to maintain a viable tiger population in their
natural environment.
 Today, there are 39 Project Tiger wildlife reserves in
India covering an area more than of 37,761 km².
 Some Biosphere Reserves The Indian
government has established 15 Biosphere
Reserves of India
 which protect larger areas of natural
habitat and often include one or more
National Parks and/or preserves
 along buffer zones that are open to some
economic uses.
 Protection is granted not only to the flora
and fauna of the protected region, but also
to the human communities who inhabit
these regions, and their ways of life.
Bio-reserves in India
 Sunderbans
 Gulf of Mannar
 The Nilgiris
 Nanda Devi
 Nokrek
 Great Nicobar
 Manas
 Simlipal
 Dihang Dibang
 Dibru Saikhowa
 Agasthyamalai
 Kanchenjunga
 Pachmarhi
 Achanakmar-
Amarkantak
 Kachchh
Wildlife in india
CONSERVATION
CHALLENGES
 The challenges to conservation of large
mammals in a developing country like India
are complex.
 The needs of a increasing human population
and the consequent growth of the market
where India has become part of the expanding
global economy has been at the centre of
conservation problems of our country.
 The protected wildlife areas constitute a mere
3% of the total land mass with ever-increasing
pressure on this fragmented landscape.
 Any further exploitation of the last remaining
bits of protected areas to meet human and
development needs, which in any event need
to be met by using 97% of the landscape, will
surely lead to the decimation of large mammal
assemblages.
 Conservation of large mammal‟s in India is
beset with serious problems such as habitat
loss, fragmentation of forests, illegal hunting,
commercial exploitation of forest products,
livestock grazing, forest fires, unscientific
management practices and ignorance of the
need for wildlife conservation
 The Progressive loss of habitat include
fragmentation>> Illegal hunting and wildlife
trade>> Commercial exploitation of forests>>
Removal of dead and fallen trees>> Collection
of minor forest produce>> Livestock grazing
 Also fire in the forest causes Habitat
destruction and fragmentation Deforestation
 increased road-building in the forests are a
significant concern because of increased
human encroachment upon wild areas,
increased resource extraction and further
threats to biodiversity.
How can one help conserve the
environment and wildlife?
 Public opinion and
awareness are two
critical factors that
will finally make a
difference.
 Here are outline of
some activities that
we can consider for
awareness and to
save forests and
wildlife in India.
 Try to learn as much as possible about
India‟s wildlife (from books, the internet,
seminars and talks) and about the
importance of the „Web of Life‟.
 Get people involved in your cause - in
your colony, in your colleges and
schools as well as your local MLAs.
 Organize trips to local wildlife areas, or
botanical gardens and the zoo.
 Keep in touch with media people.
 Keep in touch with Forest Department -
often they need volunteers for some of
their field activities.
 Keep in touch with the Honorary Wildlife
Warden and conservation NGOs in your
area. Offer assistance wherever possible.
 In day to day life, remember the six Rs:
Refuse Reduce Re-use Reinvent Recycle
(paper, plastic etc) Replenish (water-
harvesting, planting trees etc)
Conclusion
 The natural world is a complex system. Only by
understanding how species relate to each other and their
environment can we hope to properly protect wildlife and
preserve their habitat for the future.
 The best scenario would imply integrated community
development and wildlife conservation promoted by national
park managers and supported by local populations.
 Community-based conservation should give indigenous
people the right to limited and sustainable use of natural
resources while promoting tolerance towards wildlife,
responsible interaction with their natural villagers, appreciate
nature‟s intrinsic value and agree with the necessity to
protect forests and their wildlife inhabitants for future
generations.
 In order to enhance protected
area effectiveness,
conservation should be
based on sound scientific
knowledge, practical local
indigenous knowledge and
collaboration.
 Also there must be
awareness in people for
saving animals.
 Jawaharlal Nehru had truly
said “A country is known by
the way it treats its animals”.
Wildlife in india

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Wildlife in india

  • 3. INTRODUCTION  Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms.  Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all.  This has effects are all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative
  • 4.  Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems.  Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife.  But today most of the wildlife around the world is affected by human activities  This has been a reason for debate throughout recorded history.
  • 5. Wildlife of India  Wildlife of India is a mix of species of diverse origins.  The regions rich and diverse wildlife is preserved in numerous national parks and wildlife sanctuaries across the country.  Since India is home to a number of rare and threatened animal species, wildlife management in the country is essential to preserve these species.
  • 7.  According to one study, India along with mega diverse countries and is home to about 60-70% of the world‟s biodiversity.  India, lying within the Indomalaya ecozone, is home to about 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species.
  • 9. Need conservation of for wildlife in India  The need for conservation of wildlife in India is often questioned because of the apparently incorrect priority in the face of direct poverty of the people.  Many rare species of animals that are only found in India are getting extinct day by day.  Examples are Bengal tigers, Asiatic lions found in India, many species of reptiles etc
  • 11.  Wildlife Protection Act The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 refers to as weeping package of legislation enacted in 1972 by the Government of India.  The Act provides for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants; and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto.  The act came in action in 1972 , and thereafter increased the protection of wildlife to higher level
  • 12. Tiger protection  The framework was then setup to formulate a project for tiger conservation with an ecological approach.  Launched on April 1, 1973, Project Tiger has become one of the most successful conservation ventures in modern history.  The project aims at tiger conservation in specially constituted tiger reserves which are representative of various bio-geographical regions falling within India.  It strives to maintain a viable tiger population in their natural environment.  Today, there are 39 Project Tiger wildlife reserves in India covering an area more than of 37,761 km².
  • 13.  Some Biosphere Reserves The Indian government has established 15 Biosphere Reserves of India  which protect larger areas of natural habitat and often include one or more National Parks and/or preserves  along buffer zones that are open to some economic uses.  Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life.
  • 14. Bio-reserves in India  Sunderbans  Gulf of Mannar  The Nilgiris  Nanda Devi  Nokrek  Great Nicobar  Manas  Simlipal  Dihang Dibang  Dibru Saikhowa  Agasthyamalai  Kanchenjunga  Pachmarhi  Achanakmar- Amarkantak  Kachchh
  • 16. CONSERVATION CHALLENGES  The challenges to conservation of large mammals in a developing country like India are complex.  The needs of a increasing human population and the consequent growth of the market where India has become part of the expanding global economy has been at the centre of conservation problems of our country.  The protected wildlife areas constitute a mere 3% of the total land mass with ever-increasing pressure on this fragmented landscape.
  • 17.  Any further exploitation of the last remaining bits of protected areas to meet human and development needs, which in any event need to be met by using 97% of the landscape, will surely lead to the decimation of large mammal assemblages.  Conservation of large mammal‟s in India is beset with serious problems such as habitat loss, fragmentation of forests, illegal hunting, commercial exploitation of forest products, livestock grazing, forest fires, unscientific management practices and ignorance of the need for wildlife conservation
  • 18.  The Progressive loss of habitat include fragmentation>> Illegal hunting and wildlife trade>> Commercial exploitation of forests>> Removal of dead and fallen trees>> Collection of minor forest produce>> Livestock grazing  Also fire in the forest causes Habitat destruction and fragmentation Deforestation  increased road-building in the forests are a significant concern because of increased human encroachment upon wild areas, increased resource extraction and further threats to biodiversity.
  • 19. How can one help conserve the environment and wildlife?  Public opinion and awareness are two critical factors that will finally make a difference.  Here are outline of some activities that we can consider for awareness and to save forests and wildlife in India.
  • 20.  Try to learn as much as possible about India‟s wildlife (from books, the internet, seminars and talks) and about the importance of the „Web of Life‟.  Get people involved in your cause - in your colony, in your colleges and schools as well as your local MLAs.  Organize trips to local wildlife areas, or botanical gardens and the zoo.  Keep in touch with media people.
  • 21.  Keep in touch with Forest Department - often they need volunteers for some of their field activities.  Keep in touch with the Honorary Wildlife Warden and conservation NGOs in your area. Offer assistance wherever possible.  In day to day life, remember the six Rs: Refuse Reduce Re-use Reinvent Recycle (paper, plastic etc) Replenish (water- harvesting, planting trees etc)
  • 22. Conclusion  The natural world is a complex system. Only by understanding how species relate to each other and their environment can we hope to properly protect wildlife and preserve their habitat for the future.  The best scenario would imply integrated community development and wildlife conservation promoted by national park managers and supported by local populations.  Community-based conservation should give indigenous people the right to limited and sustainable use of natural resources while promoting tolerance towards wildlife, responsible interaction with their natural villagers, appreciate nature‟s intrinsic value and agree with the necessity to protect forests and their wildlife inhabitants for future generations.
  • 23.  In order to enhance protected area effectiveness, conservation should be based on sound scientific knowledge, practical local indigenous knowledge and collaboration.  Also there must be awareness in people for saving animals.  Jawaharlal Nehru had truly said “A country is known by the way it treats its animals”.