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LEARNING AND TEACHING ENGLISH CELEBRATIONS


   CELEBRATING EASTER




               Neda Mirova
       rainbowidiomas.cordoba@gmail.com
             21 March 2012
       CEP Luisa Revuelta, Córdoba
CONTENTS:
 I. ORIGIN
 - Pagan festivity
 - Easter and Passover


                            II. TRADITION and CUSTOMS
                            - Palm Sunday
                            - Maundy Thursday
                            - Good Friday
                            - Holy Saturday
                            - Easter Sunday


III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY
- Easter symbols
- Easter food
- Easter fun and games



                            IV. THE EASTER WEEKEND and DIY
I. ORIGIN: Pagan festivity
• Easter > Eostre – the goddess of
Anglo-Saxon paganism, worshipped
sometime during April; Hredhe, another
goddess was worshipped at the Vernal
Equinox (during March)
• Primary historical source: Temporum
Ratione or The Reckoning of Time by
the Northumbrian monk and scholar the
Venerable Bede (673-735).

“Eosturmonath” has a name which is now
translated 'Paschal month' and which was
once called after a goddess of theirs named
Eostre, in whose honour feasts were
celebrated in that month. Now they
designate that Paschal season by her
name, calling the joys of the new rite by the
time-honoured name of the old observance.”
(Faith Wallis (trans.), Bede: The Reckoning
of Time, Liverpool University Press, 1999
p.54)
I. ORIGIN: Easter and Passover
               • often overlap, both celebrated in early spring
                    • renewal of nature, hope, redemption




EASTER                                    PASSOVER

individual focus                         communal focus
 commemorates the tribulations of         tribulations of the ancient Israelites
one man                                   freedom through God's assistance in the
 freedom from sins (Christ's             flight from Egypt (Exodus)
crucifixion), understanding of eternal
life (Christ's Resurrection)
II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Palm Sunday

           Task 1. Look at the customs. Which day are they celebrated
           on and what is their significance?

 PALM SUNDAY
 - Holy Week begins on Palm Sunday;
 - Jesus arrived in Jerusalem for the celebration of Passover;
 and was cheered by crowds of people waving palm branches (As Royalty),
 hence “Palm Sunday”.


                     Nowadays:
                     - palm crosses or garlands to decorate churches:
                     - In Protestant churches, children are given palms and
                     they walk in a procession;
                     - palms are sometimes saved, burned and used as ash in
                     the following year’s Ash Wednesday service.
II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Maundy Thursday
- commemorates The Last Supper, beginning of the Triduum;
- “maundy” derived from “mandatum” > commandment: 'And now I give you
a new commandment: love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one
another.' John 13:34
- Jesus washing the feet of the disciples – rulers serve their subjects;
- Until 1689 in England, the monarch would wash the feet of the poor in
Westminster Abbey; food and clothes were also handed out to the poor.



                              Maundy Money - ceremony dates back to
                              Edward I (1239-1307)




  Nowadays… Royal Maundy religious service in the C of E:
  • Maundy Money is given to elderly people by the Queen;
  • number of people who receive the money = the sovereign’s age in
  years;
  • red purse – ordinary coinage; white purse – silver money.
II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Maundy Thursday

         Task 2. Discussion. What do you think of the Maundy Money
         custom? Imagine you are advisors to the Queen and you must
         suggest the introduction of a new custom which would reflect
         the significance of this day better.
II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Good Friday
  • commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ;
  • “good” – derived from God’s Friday (“good-bye” > “God be with ye”); the barrier
  of sin was broken;
  • public holiday (bank holiday);
  • day of fasting – Anglo-Saxon name was “Long Friday” due to the long fast,
  eat fish instead of meat;
  • special services in churches;


   Hot Cross Buns               - pagan origin, cross symbolic of the
                                sun wheel (Spring Equinox);
                                - Church tried to ban them, but
                                unsuccessful – Queen Elizabeth I
                                “Christianized” them;


Hot Cross Bun Ceremony at the Widow’s Son pub in East London – widow
waiting for her sailor son to return. She baked a new bun every year on Good
Friday. The son never returned but she continued to bake them and collected
them in a net. Nowadays, a sailor adds a new bun every year.
II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Holy Saturday

     - Easter Even or the Great Sabbath;
     - last day of Lent when Jesus laid in his tomb;
     - Easter Vigil – dates back to Roman times, it is the first Easter service,
     takes place on the night of Holy Saturday;
     - in the early church this was the time to baptize new Christian converts.




Coco-nut dancers of Bacup,
       Lancashire

   - type of Morris dancing;
   - first troupe formed in 1857;
   - blackened faces – sources point to pagan or medieval background (protect
   faces from being recognised by evil spirits), possible connection to mining
   tradition in the village or Moorish pirate origins.
II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Easter Sunday
- Sunrise Service, particularly popular with Protestant Churches –
women coming to the tomb at dawn;
- Easter Garden – stone rolled away;
- Paschal candle;
- Easter water brought home to use in family blessings.


                                               Task 3. Watch the clip.
                                      What do chocolate eggs and Easter have in comm
  ''And then kids eat chocolate eggs, because the colour of the chocolate and the
  colour of the wood on the cross...Well, you tell me? It's got nothing to do with
  it, has it?

  You have people going-'' 'member kids''- the kids are eating the chocolate
  eggs-they're going '' 'Member kids, Jesus died for your sins.''

  ''Yeah, I know, it's great.''
  ''No, no, no, it's bad, it's bad.''
  ''No, it's bad, it's very bad...it's terrible. Whatever you want. I mean, just keep
  giving me these eggs.''

  And the bunny rabbits, where do they come into the crucifixion?'‘ (Eddie Izzard,
  comedian)
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter symbols




                                Why chocolate eggs?
- egg: fertility, rebirth, a new start etc;
- Earliest Easter eggs – decorated at home with dye, Eastern Orthodox
believers still carry this out;
- 17th and 18th cent. – egg themed toys, Victorians had eggs covered in satin
and full of chocolates and toys;
- first made in Europe in the early 19th cent. in France and Germany;
- eggs were solid chocolate until the technique evolved and allowed for the
production of hollow eggs.
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter symbols
    Task 4. Read the clues and decide which 7 Easter
    customs they refer to. When you have the correct
    answers you can collect your eggs.
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter symbols
             Task 5. A. What does Easter mean to you? What is your favourite
             thing about this time of year?
             B. In groups. Imagine you are the famous person on your picture.
             Write a few sentences about your memories of Easter – customs,
             games, food, family celebrations etc. Now read this to another
             group who has to listen and guess who is the celebrity talking.
 Some curious customs – Easter Day

 - Durham, 1826: “Pay for your shoes, please”;
 - Rippon, 1790: stealing buckles from shoes;

 - Twickenham, date not known: dividing two big cakes in church for children
 and young people, in 1645 parliament ordered that money should be
 used to buy penny loaves for poor children, which were thrown from the church
 steeple;
 - Paste eggs in Cheshire: children sing a short song in return for eggs - "an egg,
 bacon, cheese, or an apple, or any good thing that will make us merry…”;
 - Sugar Cupping, Peak of Derbyshire: children and young people would take
 a cup and some sugar to a spring, fill the cup and dissolve the sugar, then drink it.
 Adapted from “The Every-day Book”, William Hone, published in 1826
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter food

 • boiled eggs for breakfast – egg jarping (tapping);
 • roast lamb for lunch – “the Lamb of God”;
 • simnel cake – fruit cake, decorated with 11 marzipan balls;
 • Easter biscuits or cakes – spices, currants and grated lemon;
 • hot cross buns.
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter fun and games

                                Egg rolling takes place on Easter
                                Monday (the first Monday after Easter):
                                - hard boiled decorated eggs
                                - winner could be the owner of the egg
                                which rolls furthest, rolls most times…
                                - eggs given to pace eggers who sang
                                traditional songs and performed
                                mumming plays (folk plays) > The Pace
                                Egging Play.


                  Pace-egging and Pace Eggers (Jolly Boys):
                  -“pace” > “pacha”> “passover”
                  - pace-eggs – wrapped in onionskin and boiled,
                  nowadays simply painted; eaten for Easter
                  breakfast; any left over were used in games (egg
                  rolling)
                  - Pace Eggers were groups of men who toured local
                  villages during Easter and enacted the Pace Egg
                  Play (Pace Egging).
                  - Yorkshire, Lancashire, Northumberland
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter fun and games
  Midgley Pace Egg Play
 - traditional village play, references as early as 1842, died out after the Great War
 (WW1);
 - rebirth theme;
 - St George hits challengers;
 - the fool, Toss Pot, rejoices;
 - the hero (in the Midgley version “the Bold Slasher”)
 - combat between the hero and villain;
 - hero is killed and brought to life, often by a quack doctor;
 - very popular custom throughout England, nowadays only alive in some areas,
 particularly Lancashire and West Yorkshire;
 - Midgley School (and later Calder Valley High School) in West Yorkshire were key in
 preserving the tradition; Calder Valley High still puts on performances of the play
 every Good Friday.
 - Middleton, North Manchester, Pace Egging (performing the Pace Egg Play) was
 revived in 1967;
 -The Bury Pace Eggers were revived in 1969, nowadays perform in pubs and
 squares around the town and neighbouring villages over the Easter weekend.
III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter fun and games
  Fun secular customs – Easter Monday
                         Biddenden Dole



                          Hare Pie Scramble and Bottle Kicking




    London Harness Horse Parade




                            World Coal Carrying Championship
IV. THE EASTER WEEKEND AND DIY

              Task 6. Match the number to the corresponding paragraph title.



  Do                                    50

  It                         33                15

  Yourself
                          2.5 million
                                                           25
                     2                       15

       1956                       12.5
IV. THE EASTER WEEKEND AND DIY

  Do         E. 2.5 million - number of hanging
             basket B&Q expected to sell this Easter
  It      B. 33 - % of households which want a new
  Yourself H. 50 – deaths per year caused by ladders
                         bathroom



          D. 15 – number of series of the BBC show Changing
                                Rooms
F. 12.5 billion – Value of the home improvement market

                     I. 2 – hours spent at the kitchen sink every day
C. 15 – % of women who own power tools
                 A. 25 – % surge in demand for magnolia paint
G. 1956 – The year flat pack furniture was invented
And finally…

        1. Write an Easter symbol or custom and stick it on your
        partner’s forehead.
        2. Everyone get up and mingle. You must ask 10 questions
        to find out what or who you are.
LEARNING AND TEACHING ENGLISH CELEBRATIONS


    CELEBRATING EASTER
THANKS FOR LISTENING AND HAVE A GREAT EASTER!




                 Neda Mirova
         rainbowidiomas.cordoba@gmail.com
              21 March 2012
        CEP Luisa Revuelta, Córdoba

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Easter

  • 1. LEARNING AND TEACHING ENGLISH CELEBRATIONS CELEBRATING EASTER Neda Mirova rainbowidiomas.cordoba@gmail.com 21 March 2012 CEP Luisa Revuelta, Córdoba
  • 2. CONTENTS: I. ORIGIN - Pagan festivity - Easter and Passover II. TRADITION and CUSTOMS - Palm Sunday - Maundy Thursday - Good Friday - Holy Saturday - Easter Sunday III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY - Easter symbols - Easter food - Easter fun and games IV. THE EASTER WEEKEND and DIY
  • 3. I. ORIGIN: Pagan festivity • Easter > Eostre – the goddess of Anglo-Saxon paganism, worshipped sometime during April; Hredhe, another goddess was worshipped at the Vernal Equinox (during March) • Primary historical source: Temporum Ratione or The Reckoning of Time by the Northumbrian monk and scholar the Venerable Bede (673-735). “Eosturmonath” has a name which is now translated 'Paschal month' and which was once called after a goddess of theirs named Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. Now they designate that Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rite by the time-honoured name of the old observance.” (Faith Wallis (trans.), Bede: The Reckoning of Time, Liverpool University Press, 1999 p.54)
  • 4. I. ORIGIN: Easter and Passover • often overlap, both celebrated in early spring • renewal of nature, hope, redemption EASTER PASSOVER individual focus communal focus  commemorates the tribulations of  tribulations of the ancient Israelites one man freedom through God's assistance in the  freedom from sins (Christ's flight from Egypt (Exodus) crucifixion), understanding of eternal life (Christ's Resurrection)
  • 5. II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Palm Sunday Task 1. Look at the customs. Which day are they celebrated on and what is their significance? PALM SUNDAY - Holy Week begins on Palm Sunday; - Jesus arrived in Jerusalem for the celebration of Passover; and was cheered by crowds of people waving palm branches (As Royalty), hence “Palm Sunday”. Nowadays: - palm crosses or garlands to decorate churches: - In Protestant churches, children are given palms and they walk in a procession; - palms are sometimes saved, burned and used as ash in the following year’s Ash Wednesday service.
  • 6. II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Maundy Thursday - commemorates The Last Supper, beginning of the Triduum; - “maundy” derived from “mandatum” > commandment: 'And now I give you a new commandment: love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.' John 13:34 - Jesus washing the feet of the disciples – rulers serve their subjects; - Until 1689 in England, the monarch would wash the feet of the poor in Westminster Abbey; food and clothes were also handed out to the poor. Maundy Money - ceremony dates back to Edward I (1239-1307) Nowadays… Royal Maundy religious service in the C of E: • Maundy Money is given to elderly people by the Queen; • number of people who receive the money = the sovereign’s age in years; • red purse – ordinary coinage; white purse – silver money.
  • 7. II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Maundy Thursday Task 2. Discussion. What do you think of the Maundy Money custom? Imagine you are advisors to the Queen and you must suggest the introduction of a new custom which would reflect the significance of this day better.
  • 8. II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Good Friday • commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ; • “good” – derived from God’s Friday (“good-bye” > “God be with ye”); the barrier of sin was broken; • public holiday (bank holiday); • day of fasting – Anglo-Saxon name was “Long Friday” due to the long fast, eat fish instead of meat; • special services in churches; Hot Cross Buns - pagan origin, cross symbolic of the sun wheel (Spring Equinox); - Church tried to ban them, but unsuccessful – Queen Elizabeth I “Christianized” them; Hot Cross Bun Ceremony at the Widow’s Son pub in East London – widow waiting for her sailor son to return. She baked a new bun every year on Good Friday. The son never returned but she continued to bake them and collected them in a net. Nowadays, a sailor adds a new bun every year.
  • 9. II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Holy Saturday - Easter Even or the Great Sabbath; - last day of Lent when Jesus laid in his tomb; - Easter Vigil – dates back to Roman times, it is the first Easter service, takes place on the night of Holy Saturday; - in the early church this was the time to baptize new Christian converts. Coco-nut dancers of Bacup, Lancashire - type of Morris dancing; - first troupe formed in 1857; - blackened faces – sources point to pagan or medieval background (protect faces from being recognised by evil spirits), possible connection to mining tradition in the village or Moorish pirate origins.
  • 10. II. TRADITION AND CUSTOMS: Easter Sunday - Sunrise Service, particularly popular with Protestant Churches – women coming to the tomb at dawn; - Easter Garden – stone rolled away; - Paschal candle; - Easter water brought home to use in family blessings. Task 3. Watch the clip. What do chocolate eggs and Easter have in comm ''And then kids eat chocolate eggs, because the colour of the chocolate and the colour of the wood on the cross...Well, you tell me? It's got nothing to do with it, has it? You have people going-'' 'member kids''- the kids are eating the chocolate eggs-they're going '' 'Member kids, Jesus died for your sins.'' ''Yeah, I know, it's great.'' ''No, no, no, it's bad, it's bad.'' ''No, it's bad, it's very bad...it's terrible. Whatever you want. I mean, just keep giving me these eggs.'' And the bunny rabbits, where do they come into the crucifixion?'‘ (Eddie Izzard, comedian)
  • 11. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter symbols Why chocolate eggs? - egg: fertility, rebirth, a new start etc; - Earliest Easter eggs – decorated at home with dye, Eastern Orthodox believers still carry this out; - 17th and 18th cent. – egg themed toys, Victorians had eggs covered in satin and full of chocolates and toys; - first made in Europe in the early 19th cent. in France and Germany; - eggs were solid chocolate until the technique evolved and allowed for the production of hollow eggs.
  • 12. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter symbols Task 4. Read the clues and decide which 7 Easter customs they refer to. When you have the correct answers you can collect your eggs.
  • 13. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter symbols Task 5. A. What does Easter mean to you? What is your favourite thing about this time of year? B. In groups. Imagine you are the famous person on your picture. Write a few sentences about your memories of Easter – customs, games, food, family celebrations etc. Now read this to another group who has to listen and guess who is the celebrity talking. Some curious customs – Easter Day - Durham, 1826: “Pay for your shoes, please”; - Rippon, 1790: stealing buckles from shoes; - Twickenham, date not known: dividing two big cakes in church for children and young people, in 1645 parliament ordered that money should be used to buy penny loaves for poor children, which were thrown from the church steeple; - Paste eggs in Cheshire: children sing a short song in return for eggs - "an egg, bacon, cheese, or an apple, or any good thing that will make us merry…”; - Sugar Cupping, Peak of Derbyshire: children and young people would take a cup and some sugar to a spring, fill the cup and dissolve the sugar, then drink it. Adapted from “The Every-day Book”, William Hone, published in 1826
  • 14. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter food • boiled eggs for breakfast – egg jarping (tapping); • roast lamb for lunch – “the Lamb of God”; • simnel cake – fruit cake, decorated with 11 marzipan balls; • Easter biscuits or cakes – spices, currants and grated lemon; • hot cross buns.
  • 15. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter fun and games Egg rolling takes place on Easter Monday (the first Monday after Easter): - hard boiled decorated eggs - winner could be the owner of the egg which rolls furthest, rolls most times… - eggs given to pace eggers who sang traditional songs and performed mumming plays (folk plays) > The Pace Egging Play. Pace-egging and Pace Eggers (Jolly Boys): -“pace” > “pacha”> “passover” - pace-eggs – wrapped in onionskin and boiled, nowadays simply painted; eaten for Easter breakfast; any left over were used in games (egg rolling) - Pace Eggers were groups of men who toured local villages during Easter and enacted the Pace Egg Play (Pace Egging). - Yorkshire, Lancashire, Northumberland
  • 16. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter fun and games Midgley Pace Egg Play - traditional village play, references as early as 1842, died out after the Great War (WW1); - rebirth theme; - St George hits challengers; - the fool, Toss Pot, rejoices; - the hero (in the Midgley version “the Bold Slasher”) - combat between the hero and villain; - hero is killed and brought to life, often by a quack doctor; - very popular custom throughout England, nowadays only alive in some areas, particularly Lancashire and West Yorkshire; - Midgley School (and later Calder Valley High School) in West Yorkshire were key in preserving the tradition; Calder Valley High still puts on performances of the play every Good Friday. - Middleton, North Manchester, Pace Egging (performing the Pace Egg Play) was revived in 1967; -The Bury Pace Eggers were revived in 1969, nowadays perform in pubs and squares around the town and neighbouring villages over the Easter weekend.
  • 17. III. CELEBRATING EASTER TODAY: Easter fun and games Fun secular customs – Easter Monday Biddenden Dole Hare Pie Scramble and Bottle Kicking London Harness Horse Parade World Coal Carrying Championship
  • 18. IV. THE EASTER WEEKEND AND DIY Task 6. Match the number to the corresponding paragraph title. Do 50 It 33 15 Yourself 2.5 million 25 2 15 1956 12.5
  • 19. IV. THE EASTER WEEKEND AND DIY Do E. 2.5 million - number of hanging basket B&Q expected to sell this Easter It B. 33 - % of households which want a new Yourself H. 50 – deaths per year caused by ladders bathroom D. 15 – number of series of the BBC show Changing Rooms F. 12.5 billion – Value of the home improvement market I. 2 – hours spent at the kitchen sink every day C. 15 – % of women who own power tools A. 25 – % surge in demand for magnolia paint G. 1956 – The year flat pack furniture was invented
  • 20. And finally… 1. Write an Easter symbol or custom and stick it on your partner’s forehead. 2. Everyone get up and mingle. You must ask 10 questions to find out what or who you are.
  • 21. LEARNING AND TEACHING ENGLISH CELEBRATIONS CELEBRATING EASTER THANKS FOR LISTENING AND HAVE A GREAT EASTER! Neda Mirova rainbowidiomas.cordoba@gmail.com 21 March 2012 CEP Luisa Revuelta, Córdoba

Notas del editor

  1. COMPLETE THIS TASK
  2. Then VOTE for the best custom.
  3. 4 skills: Choose a custom, a skill, an age and design an activity.
  4. Activity for watching video?
  5. Activity for watching video?
  6. Write 5 questions about DIY to ask another group.
  7. Write 5 questions about DIY to ask another group.