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History Of Europe

(14th to 20th century)
     Rachel Ikekhua
      Amy El Zayaty
    Marianna Ghattas
     Ingy Mahmoud
•   Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe
    with the development of printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged
    traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the rediscovery of classical Greek
    and Roman knowledge. Simultaneously Protestant Reformation under Martin Luther
    questioned Papal authority. Henry VIII sundered the English Church, allying in ensuing
    religious wars between German and Spanish rulers.
•   The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting
    in the age of discovery hat established direct links with Africa, the Americas and Asia,
    while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the
    Peace of Westphalia
•   European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the
    Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and
    the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on
    manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture.
•   Starting in 1775, British Empire colonies in America revolted to establish a
    representative government. Political change in continental Europe was spurred by the
    French Revolution. The French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, conquered and enforced
    reforms through war up to 1815.
•   The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and
    independence wars. In France and the United Kingdom, socialist and trade union
    activity developed. The last vestiges of serfdom were abolished in Russia in 1861[and
    Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. After the
    Franco-Prussian War, Germany and Italy unified into nation states, and most European
    states had become constitutional monarchies by 1871.
• Revolution which led to the formation of the communist Soviet Union. Hard
  conditions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles and the Great
  Depression led to the rise of fascism in Germany as well as in Italy, Spain and
  other countries. The rise of the irredentist totalitarian regime Nazi Germany
  led to a Second World War.

• Following the end of the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron
  Curtain between American dominated non-socialist countries of Europe and
  Soviet dominated socialist countries of Europe. Most non-socialist European
  countries came under US protection via NATO and formed the European
  Economic Community amongst themselves. The East was dominated by
  communist countries under the Soviet Union's economic and military
  leadership. There were also a number of neutral countries in between.

• In the late 1989, the Fall of Communism begun in countries allied with USSR:
  Poland, Hungary and Romania. The Soviet Union itself felt a bit later, in years
  1990-1991, and countries which were Soviet republics became independent.
  As a consequence Europe's economic integration deepened, the continent
  became depolarized and the European Union expanded to include many of
  the formerly communist European countries, in 2004 and 2007.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about
10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and
about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is the
largest by both area and population (although the country has territory in both
Europe and Asia), Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and
Africa, with a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population.

 Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture. It
played a major role in global affairs from the 16th century onwards, especially
   after the beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries,
  European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa,
                      Oceania, and large portions of Asia.

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History of europe

  • 1. History Of Europe (14th to 20th century) Rachel Ikekhua Amy El Zayaty Marianna Ghattas Ingy Mahmoud
  • 2. Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge. Simultaneously Protestant Reformation under Martin Luther questioned Papal authority. Henry VIII sundered the English Church, allying in ensuing religious wars between German and Spanish rulers. • The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the age of discovery hat established direct links with Africa, the Americas and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia • European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. • Starting in 1775, British Empire colonies in America revolted to establish a representative government. Political change in continental Europe was spurred by the French Revolution. The French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, conquered and enforced reforms through war up to 1815. • The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. In France and the United Kingdom, socialist and trade union activity developed. The last vestiges of serfdom were abolished in Russia in 1861[and Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. After the Franco-Prussian War, Germany and Italy unified into nation states, and most European states had become constitutional monarchies by 1871.
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  • 6. • Revolution which led to the formation of the communist Soviet Union. Hard conditions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression led to the rise of fascism in Germany as well as in Italy, Spain and other countries. The rise of the irredentist totalitarian regime Nazi Germany led to a Second World War. • Following the end of the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain between American dominated non-socialist countries of Europe and Soviet dominated socialist countries of Europe. Most non-socialist European countries came under US protection via NATO and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The East was dominated by communist countries under the Soviet Union's economic and military leadership. There were also a number of neutral countries in between. • In the late 1989, the Fall of Communism begun in countries allied with USSR: Poland, Hungary and Romania. The Soviet Union itself felt a bit later, in years 1990-1991, and countries which were Soviet republics became independent. As a consequence Europe's economic integration deepened, the continent became depolarized and the European Union expanded to include many of the formerly communist European countries, in 2004 and 2007.
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  • 9. Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is the largest by both area and population (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia), Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population. Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture. It played a major role in global affairs from the 16th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of Asia.