Shoot and fruit borer of brinjal

2. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
ALLAHABAD SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY &
SCIENCES
[Formerly-Allahabad Agricultural Institute]
(Deemed-to-be-University)
ALLAHABAD- 211007, U.P., INDIA BY,
RAKESH KR.
MEENA

3. Content
Brinjal
Introduction
Shoot and fruit borer of Brinjal
 Introduction
 Importance
 Host plant and distribution
 Nature of damage
 Life cycle
 Management : Cultural, Biological & Chemical control
 Bt Brinjal
 Conclusion
 References

4. Brinjal
Introduction
Scientific Name : Solanum melongena L.
Family : Solanaceae
* It is often described (under the name "baingan" or"brinjal")
as the "king of vegetables".
* According to FAO in 2012, China ranks first in the
production of brinjal (58% of world output) and India ranks
second(25%), contributing 13557.8 million tonnes to the
world production.
* In Uttar Pradesh, the area under cultivation of brinjal is
2.90 million hectare , production 90.80 million tonnes and
the productivity is 7.58 MT/ha (NHB, Database, 2013-14).

5. Shoot & Fruit Borer of Brinjal
Introduction
Scientific classification
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Arthropoda
 Class : Insecta
 Order : Lepidoptera
 Faimly : Pyralidae
 Genus : Luecinodes
 Species : orbanalis

6. Economic Importance
 Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer is a very dangerous pest of
brinjal. It not only reduces the yield by making holes in
shoots as well as in fruits but also reduces the aesthetic
value of the fruits so loss get doubled.
 It is a monophagous pest feeds only on Brinjal.
 Singh et al. (2000) reported that the borer infestation was
78.66% on top shoots in vegetative phase and then shifted
to flowers and fruits with infestation reaching 67 % in
fruiting phase.

7. Host plant : It is a monophagous
pest feeds only on Brinjal.
Distribution:
This pest is widely distributed in China,
India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Malaysia.
In India M.P., Rajasthan, West Bengal,
Bihar etc.

8. Nature of damage
Damage is caused by caterpillar.
Larva is a internal feeder it immediately bore into
the nearest tender shoot or flower or fruit just after
hatching.
 Larval feeding, inside shoots, result in wilting of the
young shoot.

9. Cont…..
 In young fruits, newly hatched larvae bore into the
fruit and the large holes usually seen on friuts.
 Larval feeding inside the fruit results in destruction
of fruit tissue.
 A single caterpillar may destroy 4-6 fruits.

11. Life cycle
 The four development stages viz., egg, larva, pupa,
adult are found its life cycle.
 Egg : Female moth lays about 250 eggs singly on
tender shoots and developing fruits of brinjal.
 Larva : Larva about 18-22 mm long and The
caterpillar is pink in colour.

12. Pupa :
Greyish boat shaped cocoon.
The pupal period is 7-8 days.
Adult :
 Adult Forewings has black and brown patches and
dots on white colour.
 The adult measures about 20-22 mm across the
wings.

15. Management
 Cultural control :
Crop rotation is beneficial as the insect survives
only on brinjal.
Intercropping brinjal with other crops like cowpea,
maize, corainder which improve the natural habitat
for natural enemies (like spiders, lace wings,
ladybirds etc) against the pest.
Collection, destruction of dried shoot tips and
bored fruits. This is an efficient method because the
larvae tend to pupate in the plant residues.

16. Biological control
Natural enemies against BFSB reported in India:
• Predators
Campyloneura sp (a bug), Coccinella
septempunctata (seven spotted ladybird beetle).
• Parasitoids
Pseudoperichaeta sp, Phanerotoma sp.
• Entomopathogens
Fungus (Bipolaris tetramera), Baculovirus, Nuclear
polyhedrosis virus.
 Release egg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/ ha,
four times from 30 DAT.

17. Chemical control
Soil application of carbofuran 3G at 30kg/ha 10
days after transplanting is very effective.
 Cultivation of brinjal under protected cultivation
(net house condition) is found to reduce the
incidence of shoot and fruit borer.
Spray any one of the following chemicals starting
from one month after planting at 15 days interval.
Azadirachtin 0.03%, Profenophos 0.05 %,
Spinosad 48 SC 160 ml/ha, Carbosulfan @ 3 ml/l.
Latif M.A., et al(2010)

18. Bt Brinjal
 This variety was designed to give the plant resistance to lepidopteran
insects like the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis).
 Bt Brinjal is the first Genetically Modified food crop in India that has
reached the approval stage for commercialization.
 Bt Brinjal has been developed by inserting a gene cry1Ac from a soil
bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various
brinjal cultivars.
 It is developed by the Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company Ltd.
(Mahyco).

19. How is the Bt Brinjal effective against pests like
the fruit and shoot borer
 When fruit and shoot borer larvae feed on Bt brinjal
plants, they ingest the Bt protein Cry1Ac along with plant
tissue.
 In the insect gut which is alkaline with a pH >9.5, the
protein is 11 solubilized and activated by gut proteases.
 This leads to disruption of digestive processes, paralysis
and subsequent death of the fruit and shoot borer larvae.

20. Conclusion
 Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer is serious pest of
brinjal.
 The damages caused by BSFB reduce a great
amount of yield and economical losses.
 There are different types of management for the
control of this insect.
 The most economical and eco friendly means of
management is IPM which helps to manage the
insect in huge amount.
To control the insect, we should first understand the
biology of insect and its predators and parasites.

21. Cont….
 The use of bio-pesticides are very good than
toxic chemicals.
Broad-spectrum chemicals sprayed to kill EFSB
will also kill these beneficial insects.
If selective biological insecticides are used
instead, many other parasitoids will survive
and be able to attack this pest larvae.

22. References
 Anil and P.C. Sharma: Bioefficacy of insecticides against
Leucinodes orbonalis on brinjal.
 Latif M.A.,Rahman M.M.,Alam M.Z. 2010, Efficacy of nine
insecticide against shoot and fruit borer in eggplant.
 Arunkumar, H. 2013. Baseline sensitivity of brinjal shoot
and fruit borer, L. orbonalis(Guen) in South India to Cry1Ac
insecticidal protein of B.thuringiensis. Curr. Sci.104 : 1-6
 Dr. Y.K. Mathur & Dr. K.D. Upadhyay : A text book of
entomology.
 wikipedia.org.Leucinodes_orbonalis
 agritech.tnau.ac.in