2. The term "Six Sigma" comes from a field of statistics known
as process capability studies.
● it referred to the ability of manufacturing processes to produce a
very high proportion of output within specification.
● Processes that operate with "six sigma quality" over the short
term are assumed to produce long-term defect levels below
3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO).
It was developed by Motorola Inc., USA on 1986 who
provide extensive Six Sigma training and consultancy
services.
Other early adopters of Six Sigma who achieved well-publicized
success:
● Honeywell/Allied Signal
● General Electric- method introduce by Jack Welch
● Fortune 500 Org.- (late 1990’s) the aim of reducing costs and
improving quality
● Lean Manufacturing
3. Six Sigma is lots of different things because it had different
meanings over time, and also because it is now interpreted in
increasingly different ways, and it is still evolving.
o a number of defects per million opportunities.
◦ Six Sigma is used as a term for a management style, with the
ultimate goal of high levels of customer satisfaction.
◦ It seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying
and removing the causes of defects (errors) and
minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.
◦ It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical
methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the
organization
◦ It is the most popular management methodology in history
◦ is arguably a very clever way of branding and packaging many
aspects of Total Quality Management that exist in their own right
◦ Is an enormous 'brand' in the world of corporate development
4. Six Sigma at three different levels:
a) As a metric
The term "Sigma" is often used as a scale for levels of 'goodness' or
quality. Using this scale, 'Six Sigma' equates to 3.4 defects per one
million opportunities (DPMO). Therefore, Six Sigma started as a
defect reduction effort in manufacturing and was then applied to
other business processes for the same purpose..“
b) As a methodology
Six Sigma is a business improvement methodology that focuses
an organization on:
Understanding and managing customer requirements
Aligning key business processes to achieve those requirements
Utilizing rigorous data analysis to minimize variation in those
processes
Driving rapid and sustainable improvement to business
processes.."
5. c) As a management system
drives clarity around the business strategy and the metrics that
most reflect success with that strategy.
It provides the framework to prioritize resources for projects that
will improve the metrics, and it leverages leaders who will
manage the efforts for rapid, sustainable, and improved business
results.."
Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business
strategy. Six Sigma is a top-down solution to help organizations:
Align their business strategy to critical improvement efforts
Mobilize teams to attack high impact projects
Accelerate improved business results
Govern efforts to ensure improvements are sustained.."
6. At the heart of the methodology, Six Sigma projects follow
two project methodologies (composed of five phases each).
DMIAC ("duh-may-ick“) used for projects aimed at improving
an existing business process.
Define opportunity
Measure performance
Analyze opportunity
Improve performance
Control performance.."
7. DMADV ("duh-mad-vee“) also known as DFSS (Design For
Six Sigma) is used for projects aimed at creating new product
or process designs.
Define goals and strategy
Measure and identify CTQs (Critical To Quality)
Analyze to develop and select the best design.
Design
Verify the design
8. Six Sigma is a highly disciplined process that helps us focus
on developing and delivering near-perfect products and
services.
Six Sigma revolves around a few key concepts
◦ Critical to Quality: Attributes most important to the customer
◦ Defect: Failing to deliver what the customer wants
◦ Process Capability: What your process can deliver
◦ Variation: What the customer sees and feels
◦ Stable Operations: Ensuring consistent, predictable processes to
improve what the customer sees and feels
◦ Design for Six Sigma: Designing to meet customer needs and
process capability..."
9. Six Sigma According To Isixsigma:
Isixsigma organization, the biggest online 'community' of Six
Sigma practitioners, was founded in 2000, and is owned and run
by a number of 'quality professionals'.
"Six Sigma is a rigorous and disciplined methodology that uses
data and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company's
operational performance by identifying and eliminating 'defects' in
manufacturing and service-related processes, defined as 3.4 defects
per million opportunities.
Six Sigma According to UK Department for Trade
and Industry:
"A data-driven method for achieving near perfect quality. Six
Sigma analysis can focus on any element of production or service,
and has a strong emphasis on statistical analysis in design,
manufacturing and customer-oriented activities."
10. Sigma is a quality improvement methodology.
Perhaps the most objective way of looking at Six Sigma is to
recognize that the Six Sigma methodology essentially provides a
framework, and importantly a strongly branded corporate
initiative, for an organization to:
◦ train its people to focus on key performance areas
◦ understand where the organization wants to
go (its strategy, related to its market-place)
◦ understand the services that the organization's customers need
most
◦ understand and better organize main business
processes that deliver these customer requirements
◦ measure (in considerable detail) and improve the effectiveness
of these processes.
11. late-1980's Motorola extended the Six Sigma methods to its
critical business processes, and Six Sigma formalized in-house
'branded' name for a performance improvement methodology.
1991 Motorola certified its first 'Black Belt' Six Sigma experts,
indicates the beginnings of the formalization of the accredited
training of Six Sigma methods.(CEO Bob Galvin)
◦ Allied Signal adopted the Six Sigma methods.
(CEO Lawrence Bossidy )
1995, General Electric's (CEO Jack Welch) implement Six Sigma in
GE, and by 1998 GE claimed that Six Sigma had generated over
three-quarters of a billion dollars of cost savings.
12. mid-1990's Six Sigma had developed into a transferable
'branded' corporate management initiative and
methodology, notably in General Electric and other large
manufacturing corporations, but also in organizations outside the
manufacturing sector.
year 2000, Six Sigma was effectively established as an industry
in its own right, involving the training, consultancy and
implementation of Six Sigma methodology in all sorts of
organizations around the world.
Six Sigma quickly became not only a hugely popular
methodology used by many corporations for quality and
process improvement, it is also a subject of many and
various training and consultancy products and services around
which developed very many Six Sigma support organizations.
