Water Investment Environment

Investment Environment in
Water

Nothing contained in this presentation constitutes tax, legal, insurance, or investment advice, nor does the presentation constitute a solicitation or an offer
March 2007 Inc. or Investing involves risksell any securities or loss offinancial instruments. Securities areInc is a memberPrivate Placement
by Aquillian Investments
Memorandum or Prospectus.
its affiliates to buy or
up to and including
other
all principal. Aquillian Investments
offered only by
of FINRA/SIPC.

Outline

1. About Aquillian Investments

2. Overall Investment Opportunity

3. Global Trends and Drivers

4. Water Market and Expected Growth

5. Sub-sector Focus

6. Company Examples

7. Select Investment Opportunities (ETF, Mutual, Hedge, PE/VC)

8. Water Investment Strategies

9. Investment Risks

10.Conclusion/Questions
Aquillian Investments, LLC www.aquillian.com (415) 677-9118 2

Firm Overview

• Specialized investment research and consulting on emerging themes
across all alternative asset classes
– Venture capital, private equity, project finance
– Hedge funds, fund of funds
– Real estate, commodities
– Direct investments

• Thematic investment expertise focused on generating alpha through
resource efficiency
– Clean technology
– Sustainable natural resources
– Health and wellness innovation

• Informational edge achieved through qualified industry experts
– Founded in 2004
• 12 person team
– Based in San Francisco, CA
• Offices in New York, Los Angeles, Connecticut, Chicago
– Serving fund of funds, corporations, foundations, endowments, family offices,
public and private pension funds, and ultra high-net-worth investors

Aquillian Investments, LLC www.aquillian.com (415) 677-9118

Service Offerings

• Industry research
– Analyze opportunities and deliver investment recommendations
– Publish specialized research reports
– Conduct seminars and presentations for institutional investors
• Opportunity identification, selection, and due diligence
– Evaluate leading investment managers in thematic disciplines
– Perform deep due diligence on selected opportunities
– Identify direct investments for strategic venture and M&A advisory
• Investment policy creation and implementation
– Define goals and provide strategic direction for funds in formation
– Provide access to thought leaders, managers, and service providers
– Assist in negotiating eventual transactions


Resource Efficiency Thesis


Water - Overall Investment Opportunity

• Water has no substitute at any price

• $400 billion market growing at 10-15% annually in developed
economies, 4-6% in developing economies

• Demand for reliable, safe supply of water unaffected by inflation,
recession, interest rates, inventory loss or change in taste/preferences

• Exponential growth in demand due to urbanization and industrialization
around the world

• Supply side infrastructure in need of significant, long-term
improvements and investments

• Regulatory environment driving innovation and adoption of clean
technologies


Global-Macro Trends and Drivers

• Long-term Supply-Demand-Geographic Imbalance

• Aging Infrastructure Worldwide

• Urbanization and Industrialization

• Public Health Emergency, 1.1 billion people lack access

• Increasingly Stringent Regulatory Environments

• Moving Towards a Water Oligopoly

• Climate Change/Fluctuation in Precipitation/Snowmelt


Supply Imbalance

Areas of Physical and Economic Water Scarcity

Source: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2006


Persistent US Drought Conditions


Demand Imbalance

Aggregate Daily Water Usage Per Capita in Selected Regions
(in gallons)


Aging Infrastructure

• Estimates of US investments to bring water infrastructure “back to acceptable rates” is
between $277 and $420 billion

• The City of San Diego buys 300 million m3 of water every year, but 25 million m3 are never
actually used, which costs the city approximately $22 million.13

• Total water loss nationwide is in the region of 23 million m3 per day, which is equivalent to
the combined water consumption of America’s ten biggest cities.

• In France and Spain water is also being used inefficiently: around 30% of water is lost
before it even reaches the end consumer

Source: USEPA, 2002; AWWA, 2007; European Environment Agency, 2007


Industrialization Drives Demand,
Diminishes Supply

Global Demand For Water

Source: National Geographic, 2002; World Bank, 2001


Water Sector Consolidation

Water Technology M&A and IPOs, 2005-2006

Source: SVB Alliant, 2007


Select Water Acquisitions (1998-2007)


Current Market Size

Distribution and Management • Advanced Water Treatment
– Water Mains (New) 33 B – Sewage Treatment 104 B
– Water Main (Ren) 10 B – Wastewater Treat. (Equip.) 12 B
– Sewers (New) 35 B – Wastewater Treat. (Mem.) 4.2 B
– Sewers (Ren) 14 B – Wastewater Treat. (Chem.) 13 B
– Pipes (all) 42 B – Drinking Water Purification 129 B
– Valves 4.5 B – Ozone Treat. 0.3 B
– Pumps 8B – UV Treat. - 0.5 B
– Management 20 B – Membrane Systems Treat. 1.9 B
– Thermal Desal. 2.5 B
• Water and Food – RO Desal. - 2.4 B
– Bottled Water 91 B – Desal. Operations 7.3 B
– Organic Food 33 B
– Irrigation 9-30 B • Demand-Side Efficiency
– Ind. Wastewater Treat. 24 B
– Domestic Install/Appl. 10 B
– Wastewater Reuse 1.3 B
– Water Meters 2.4 B

Source: SAM


Expected Water Sector Growth

• Investments of $400-500 billion • Advanced Water Treatment
annually (10-15% Growth) – Sewage Treatment 4%
– Wastewater Treat. (Equip.) 6%
• Distribution and Management – Wastewater Treat. (Mem.) 19%
– Water Mains (New) 7.2% – Wastewater Treat. (Chem.) 4%
– Water Main (Ren) 4.3% – Drinking Water Purification 4%
– Sewers (New) 7.4% – Ozone Treat. 10%
– Sewers (Ren) 5.5% – UV Treat. 14%
– Pipes 3.4% – Membrane Systems Treat. 20%
– Pipes (Plastic) 4.4% – Thermal Desal. 4%
– Valves 6.7% – RO Desal. 8%
– Pumps 4.3% – Desal. Operations 9%
– Management 10.0%
• Demand-Side Efficiency
• Water and Food – Ind. Wastewater Treat. 4-5%
– Bottled Water 10% – Domestic Istall/Appl. 10%
– Organic Food 10-12% – Wastewater Reuse 17%
– Irrigation 10% – Water Meters 12%

Source: SAM


Representative Water Investment
Opportunities


Specific Sub Sector Opportunities

Treatment and Purification
• High Purity Water
• Desalination

Monitoring, Security and Safety
• Leak Detection and Monitoring
• Control Systems and Smart Metering Technologies
• Advanced Sensors
• Agricultural Harvest, Transport and Food Washing

Distribution
• Distributed Treatment, Storage and Delivery Systems
• Separation of Water into Use-types

Demand Side Efficiency
• Smart/Precision Drip Irrigation (Low-volume Irrigation)
• Smart Appliances

Disposal
• Water Recycling and Reuse
• Biological and Mechanical Wastewater Treatment (non-chemical)
• Sludge Minimization

Energy From Water
• Tidal and Wave Power


Remote Water Quality Monitoring


Water Storage


Food Safety

• Ioteq was founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1999 with the specific aim of
developing an iodine-based water sanitation system.
• Currently raising funds for US launch.
• Alternative to chlorine due to the significant environmental, health and
safety problems associated with chlorine.
• 150 successful commercial installations across Australia and New
Zealand in several agriculture sectors
– Fruit and Vegetable Post-Harvest
– Nurseries and Hydroponics
– Food Processing
– Poultry
– Dairy
• The business model is that of “razor-razorblade” with one-time sales of
the system equipment and subsequent regular purchases by the
customer of the specially formulated iodine from Ioteq for use in the
system.


Food Washing


Food Safety

• Based in Pleasanton, CA
• Recently closed $25M Series C Round
• Chemical-free, ozone-based family of products has been approved by the
FDA, EPA and USDA to kill deadly, food-borne pathogens such as E. coli
and Salmonella, while remaining 100 percent organic
• Safest and most natural purification and disinfection agent for both
bottled water and pharmaceutical applications.
• Pre-harvest and post-harvest packaging, transport and cold storage
processes.
• Thin-film sunshield, made from harmless calcium carbonate crystals,
reduces sunburn damage and product losses for growers, resulting in
better quality product and increased returns.


Distributed Water Treat.


Niche Water Systems

• Water and Wastewater Systems in the
Caribbean
• Mobile Desalination Plants – Emergency and
Contingency Water
• $20 million round Q1-2008 was led by TPG
Growth and Element Partners. Virgin Green
Fund, Advent-Morro Equity Partners and CEO
Doug Brown also participated.


Water Efficient Treatment


Demand Side Efficiency - Residential

How US Households Use Water (%)


Dual-Flush Toilets


Tankless Water Heaters


Smart Irrigation


Grey Water Recycling


Energy – Water Nexus

• Investments in Energy Efficiency translate to Water Efficiency and
vice-versa

• There is an increased understanding and appreciation of the energy
and water interrelationships

• We are experiencing a “double whammy”
– Increasing energy costs and a decreasing or degraded water supply

• Increased need and value for technologies that:
– Increase energy production while decreasing water use
– Increase water supply and quality while reducing the energy required to
provide it

• Two of the largest sectors of the global economy


Energy-Efficient Desal.


Wave Power


Tidal Power


Exchange Traded Funds

Ticker PHO PIO CGW FIW
Manager PowerShares PowerShares Claymore First Trust

Expense Ratio 0.66% 0.75% 0.50% 0.70%

# of Holdings 35 40 51 36

Top Ten Holdings % 38.05 42.07 54.56 43.29

Average Market Cap 22.04 B 19.55 B 17.59 B 5.41 B

Average P/E 24.96 23.17 22.41 25.77

Sector Allocation 26.03% Misc. Manu. 21.02% Env. 31.44% Water 23.82% Misc.
Control Manu.
17.03% Water 14.25% Machinery 15.96% Electric 21.61% Water

13.43% E&C 13.33% Misc. Manu. 14.70% Misc. Manu 15.56% Machinery

Geo. Allocation 88.57% US 24.92% US 31.82% US 89.44% US

4.14% France 10.08% Japan 20.35% France 4.69% Brazil

3.45% Germany 9.93% Germany 13.67% UK 4.41% France

Source: www.seekingalpha.com, November 2007


Water-focused Mutual Funds

• Pictet Asset Management
– Criteron Water Infrastructure Fund – Canada (VEN5400)

• Sustainable Asset Management - US

• Kinetics – US


Criterion Water Fund

Source: Criterion, www.globalblue.ca, 20008


SAM Water Fund

• The fund invests worldwide in companies
providing technology, products and services
relating to the water value chain, such as:
– Water distribution
– Water management
– Water treatment
– Water analysis
– Irrigation
– Demand-side management

• Fund Basics
– 64 Holdings
– Top Ten – 37%
– Less utility-focused
– Tilted to mid to small-cap
– Benchmarked to the MSCI World Index
– Approx. 80% of holding have 20% of
revenues attributed to water
– DCF model for sustainability and fair value

• www.sam-group.com

Source: SAM; S&P Fund Analysis, 2008


Kinetics Water Infrastructure Fund

• Aims to invest in securities issued by companies operating in the water
infrastructure and natural resource sector globally. The companies targeted in the
water sector will include, but are not limited to:
– Water production companies
– Water conditioning and desalination companies
– Water suppliers
– Water transport and distribution companies,
– Waste water, sewage and solid, liquid and chemical waste treatment companies
– Sewage treatment plants
– Equipment, consulting and engineering services companies

• Fund Basics
– Inception Date: 06/29/07
– Trading Symbol: KWINX (KWIIX- Institutional, KWIAX – Advisor)
– Assets (12/31/07): $6,139,795
– Sales Charge: None
– Total Expense Ratio: 1.74%
– Investment Minimum: $2,500
– Objective: Long-term growth of capital
– Sub-Adviser: Aqua Terra Asset Management, LLC
– Portfolio Management: William Brennan, Portfolio Manager

• www.kineticsfunds.com

Source: Kinetics, 2008


Water-focused Hedge Funds

• Master Water Equity Fund - Summit Global AM (US)

• Water Partners Fund - Aqua Terra AM

• The Water Fund – Terrapin AM (US)

• The Reservoir Fund – Water AM (US)

• The Oasis Fund – Perella Weinberg (US)

• Signina Water Fund – Signina Capital AG (Switzerland)

• MFS Water Fund of Funds – MFS Aqua AM (Australia)

• Triton Water Fund of Funds – FourWinds CM (US)

• Water Edge Fund of Funds – Parker Global Strategies


Venture Capital and Water

Venture Capital Invested per Cleantech Segment, 2003-2006

Source: Cleantech Group, 2007


VC Activity in Water

Water Technology VC Investments, 2003-2006

Source: Cleantech Group and SVB Alliant, 2007


Leading PE/Venture Capital
Opportunities
• Water Pure Play Funds
– 100% Water or Near-water Company-focused
– Deep Water Industry Experience
– Water Company Realizations/Exits

• Specialist Cleantech Funds
– 3+ Investments (or 1/4) in Water or Near-water Companies
– Compelling Water Investment Theme/Strategy
– Internal Water Industry Expertise and Experience
– Significant Number of Realizations/Exits from Overall Portfolio

• Generalist Cleantech Funds
– <3 Investments in Water or Near-water Companies
– Expressed interest in Water Investments


PE/VC Investment Strategies – DD

• What level of internal water industry experience and expertise?
• What external sources of industry expertise, access to academics and
thought leaders, relationships with CEOs and entrepreneurs?
• What is the underlying "use" or "role" of water for the technology or in
the business model?
– Input?
• Agricultural, heating and cooling, beverage
– Manufacturing Process?
• Automobile, semi-conductor
– Energy generation?
• Hydro, wave, tidal
– End-Product?
• Drinking Water, ultra-pure water
– Increase Energy and/or Water Efficiency or decrease?
• Smart meters, smart appliances
• Number of investments and rationale/value proposition?
• What problem/inefficiency are the attempting to address and thereby
profit from?
• Opportunistic or part of a larger water investment strategy or theme?
• Number of and time to realizations/exits?


PE/VC Investment Risks - DD

• Technology Risk
– Proven, protected, existing/potential competition, operational/financial sustainability?
– Address safety, reliability or profitability?
– Hardware, software or service?

• Business Execution
– Business model: direct sales, distribution, licensing, etc.
– Team risk

• Market Adoption Risk
– Who are the customers? (Utility, Agricultural, Commercial, Residential)
– How large is the market?
– What pain points is the water technology/service addressing?
– What is the ROI?

• Regulatory Risk (Quality and Quantity)
– EPA, Utility Commission/Water Authority, Municipality

• Price Risk (Right vs. Commodity)
– How do the customers/users value water?


Conclusion

• Global trends and drivers are real and occurring now

• Water companies are capitalizing on these trends with real
technology/service solutions and scaleable business models

• Water investment vehicles are performing well, but for diverse
reasons

• Water investing requires a distinct theme/strategy and discipline

• Investors and advisors should identify their existing water sector
exposure and evaluate new opportunities with an added level of due
diligence

• Water is not the next oil….oil has substitutes!


Thank You…Questions?

• Robert Steiner, Director
– rsteiner@aquillian.com
– (415) 677-9118 ext. 219

Aquillian Investments, LLC
One Post Street, Suite 2775
San Francisco, CA 94104

www.aquillian.com


Water Supply Chain

Source: Sustainable Asset Management, 2006 and SVB Alliant, 2007


Water Value Chain

Source: SAM Group, 2008


Smart Meters


Monitoring/Valves


Perth Seawater RO Plant –
Emu Downs Wind Farm


Precision/LV Irrigation


Competence Correlation Matrix of
Water Companies

Source: 3Stone Advisors


Water Infrastructure Value Chain

Source: Perella Weinberg, 2007 (*=Private Company)


Wastewater Treatment

Source: Wm. H Reilly and Co., 2008


Water Treatment

Source: Wm. H Reilly and Co., 2008


Water Valuation Continuum

Source: Goldman Sachs Research


Public and Private Water Facilities

Source: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)


Water Sector Outperformance

Source: FactSet, Goldman Sachs Research


Water Shortages and Population Growth
(1995)


Energy – Water Nexus

• Investments in Energy Efficiency translate to Water Efficiency and
vice-versa

• There is an increased understanding and appreciation of the energy
and water interrelationships

• We are experiencing a “double whammy”
– Increasing energy costs and a decreasing or degraded water supply

• Increased need and value for technologies that:
– Increase energy production while decreasing water use
– Increase water supply and quality while reducing the energy required to
provide it

• Two of the largest sectors of the global economy


Water Use for Fuel Extraction and
Processing


Estimated Energy Use Integral to Water End
Use


Energy Needs Throughout the Water Use
Cycle


Estimated U.S. Freshwater Flows in 1995
(total ~341,000 Mgal/day)


Estimated California Freshwater Use in
1995 (36,000 Mgal/day)


Energy – Water Interrelationships


CA Energy Snapshot

• Population: 34 million,1.1% per year growth

• Multiple Utility Service Territories

• 2004 Electricity Use: 262,000 GWH

• 2004 Peak Demand: 54,500 MW

• Annual growth:
– Consumption - 1.4%
– Peak - 1.65%


CA Electricity Production (2004)


Water System’s Demand for Electricity


Electricity Use Per Capita


CA Water Snapshot

• 2/3 of Precipitation in North

• 2/3 Demand in the South

• Water Demand: 43 maf
– 9 maf Urban
– 34 maf Agricultural

• Energy Use:48,000 GWh; 4,300 MTh

• Population by 2030: 48 million

• 2030 Water Demand: 43-50 maf


Regional Disparities


Water Investment Environment

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