The document summarizes India's five year plans from the first to the eleventh plan. It provides an overview of the objectives, strategies and achievements of each plan. The key points covered are rapid industrialization and improving living standards in the first plan, prioritizing agriculture and increasing employment in the second, reducing regional disparities and poverty in the third, reforming expenditures and facilitating export growth in the fourth, reducing unemployment and encouraging self-employment in the fifth, introducing family planning concepts in the sixth, upgrading industry and increasing employment opportunities in the seventh, modernizing industry and private investment in the eighth, prioritizing rural development and food security in the ninth, addressing weaknesses like unemployment and malnutrition in the tenth, and focusing on

1. 1
“Five Year Plans of India”

2. 2
PLANNING
DEFINITION :
Planning is the iterative process of making
decisions about the effective tasks to achieve the
objectives
Planning is a process of determining the
objectives of administrative efforts and devising the
means calculated to achieve them.
• Millet
Planning is a process of setting formal guidelines
and constraints for the behaviour of the firm.
-Assoff and Brudinharg

3. Why to Plan ???
3
After independence, India was in dire conditions
and needed to start acting soon
Some of the problems necessitated need for an
immediate plan:
Vicious circle of poverty
Foreign Trade
Need for Rapid industrialization
Population pressure
Development of Natural resources
Capital Deficiency & Market imperfections

4. 4
HEALTH AND FIVE YEAR PLAN
Recognising the health as an
important contributory factor in the
utilisation of manpower and in the
uplifting of the economic condition of
the country, the Planning commission
gave considerable importance of health
programmes in the five year plans.

5. 5
OBJECTIVES
The broad objectives of the health programme
during five- year-plans are as follows:
Control and eradication of major communicable
diseases
Strengthening of basic health services through
the establishment of primary health centres and
sub-centres,
Population
Development of health manpower resources.

6. 6
PURPOSES
For the purposes of planning ,health sector
has been divided into the following subsectors
Water supply and sanitation
Control of communicable diseases
Medical education ,training and research
Medical care including hospitals ,dispensaries
and PHCs
Public Health Services
Family planning and
Indigenous system of medicine

7. 7
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTPROGRAMME
The community programme was
launched in India during 1952.
It is the process which is designed to
promote better living of whole community
,with active participation by the community
itself along with government efforts.

8. 8
First Five Year Plan
(1951-1956)
Introduced by the then PM Pt. J. Nehru
between the period 1951-56
The one responsible -- Planning
Commission

9. 9
Objectives:
Improve living standards of the people in India
which was possible by making judicious use of Natural
Resources.
Total outlay of this plan -- A massive Rs.`2069 Cr
The segregation – Industrial sector Energy, irrigation
Transport, Communications and Rehabilitations
Social services
Development of Agriculture & community

10. Objectives: (cont…)
10
Importance was given to agriculture and irrigation;
Power to decrease reliance on Food Grain, Imports &
resolve Food crisis

11. 11
ACHIEVMENTS
A few things that happened …………
Mettur, Hirakud & Bhakra Dams were a few projects
that were started
Govt. decides to improve Railway Services, Road
tracks & Civil Aviation, also decides to provide
sufficient funds to the Industrial sector & to take
measures for the growth of SSI’s.
The growth in GDP achieved by India was 3.6% p.a.
The target was ………………….2.1% p.a.

12. 12
HEALTH AND FIRST PLAN
PRIORITIES
Provision of water supply and sanitation
Control of malaria
Preventive health care of the rural population
through the health units and mobile units
Health services for the mother and children
Education and training and health education
Self sufficiency in drugs and equipment
Family planning and population control

13. Second Five Year Plan
(1956-1961)
13
Objectives:
To increase the national income by 25%
To make the country more industrialized
Development of the public sector
To increase employment opportunities so
that every citizen gets a job

14. 14
Achievements:
Five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Jamshedpur
Hydroelectric power projects
Production of coal increased
More Railway lines were added in the north east
Improved the living standards of the people
The large enterprises in seventeen industries were
nationalized
The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research – established in
1957 as a research institute
Atomic Energy Commission -- Homi J. Bhabha (Founder, 1958)

15. 15
HEALTH AND SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
Establishment of institutional facilities to serve as a basis
from which services could be rendered to the people locally
and in surrounding territories.
Development of technical manpower through appropriate
training programmes
Intensifying measures to control widely spread
communicable diseases
Encouraging active campaign for environmental hygiene.
Provision of family planning and other supporting services
for raising health standard of the people.

16. Third Five Year Plan
(1961-1966)
16
Objectives:
More stress to agriculture
Subsidies
Sufficient help
To increase the national income by 5% per annum
Making India self sufficient in food grains by increasing
agricultural production
Minimizing rate of unemployment
To establish equality among all the people of the country

17. Achievements:
17
The Panchayat Organization was formed
Many primary schools were started in rural areas
State electricity boards and state secondary education
boards were formed
State road transportation corporations were formed
Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built

18. OBJECTIVES:
18
Water supply environmental sanitation [rural &
Urban]
Health care [ hospitals and dispensaries]
Control of communicable diseases
Medical education, research and training
Other services- health education, school
health, MCH, mental health, health insurance ISM
and Family planning.
HEALTH AND THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN

19. Fourth Five Year Plan
(1969 to 1974)
19
At this time Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister.
The Govt. nationalized 19 major Indian banks.
Objectives:
To reform and restructure its expenditure agenda
(Defense became one major expense)
To facilitated growth in exports
To alter the socio economic structure of the society

20. 20
ANNUAL PLANS [1966-69]
The fourth FYP which was to commence
from April 1966 was postponed till 1969
due to Indo-pak war. During this
intervening period [1966-69] was
covered by Annual plans with an outplay
of Rs.6,756 crores in the public sector of
which the expenditure on health
programmes was Rs.316 crores[4.7%]

21. Achievements:
21
Great advancement has been made with regard to India's
national income
Spending on war efforts reduced industrial spending
Tested the first nuclear weapon with Smiling Buddha in
1974
Considered as one of the emerging powers
Food grains production increased to bring about self
sufficiency in production

22. 22
HEALTH AND FOURTH PLAN
During this period the revised estimate of public sector outlay
was 16,774 crores of which Rs 1,156 crores [7.2%] were
allotted to health sector.
OBJECTIVES
Certain objectives of the Mudaliar Committee were the base
for the fourth FYP in relation to health. These are as follows:
To provide an effective base for health services in rural areas
by strengthening the primary health centres.
Strengthening of sub-divisional and district hospitals to
provide effective referral services for primary health centre,
and
Expansion of the medical and nursing education and training
of paramedical personnel to meet the minimum technical
manpower requirements.

23. Fifth Five Year Plan
(1974 to 1979)
23
Objectives:
To reduce social, regional, and economic disparities
Reduce poverty and to attain self sufficiency in agriculture
and defense
Reducing rate of Unemployment both in Urban & Rural
sectors
Encourage Self-employment
Encourage growth of Small scale industries
Prevent over population

24. Achievements:
24
Food grain production was above 118 million tons
due to the improvement of infrastructural facilities
Bombay High had shot up the commercial
production of oil in India

25. OBJECTIVES
25
Increasing accessibility of health services to rural areas
Correcting regional imbalance
Further development of referral services by removing
deficiencies, in district and sub-divisional hospitals.
Integration of health, family planning and nutrition
Intensification of the control and eradication of
communicable diseases especially malaria and small pox
Quantitative improvement in the education and training of
health personnel by converting unipurpose workers to
multipurpose workers,
Development of referral services by providing specialists
attention to common diseases in rural areas.
HEALTH AND FIFTH PLAN

26. 26
ROLLING PLAN (1978–1980)
The Janata Party government rejected
the Fifth Five-Year Plan and introduced
a new Sixth Five-Year Plan (1978-
1983). This plan was again rejected by
the Indian National
Congress government in 1980 and a
new Sixth Plan was made.

27. Sixth Five Year Plan
(1980 to 1985)
27
6th Five Yr Plan -- Known as Janata Govt. Plan
It’s Existence – Tourism industry increased, I.T sector
develops!!!!!
The issues – Rajiv Gandhi being the PM, & hence
emphasized on Industrial Development
Some agreed, but the communist groups protested

28. Objectives
28
Family Planning concept introduced,
but not forcibly
To introduce min Needs Program for
the poor
Improve the Tourism Industry
Aimed for rapid Industrial
Development

29. 29
ACHIEVEMENTS:
Planned GDP growth - 5.1% a year, achieved 5.4%
Speedy Industrial development
The transport and communication system also
improved
Government investments in the Indian healthcare
sector

30. 30
HEALTH AND SIXTH PLAN
Minimum needs programme, which was started during fifth
plan continued with the same objective as follows.
Elementary education
Adult education
Rural health
Rural water supply
Rural road
Rural electrification
House sites / houses for rural landless labourers,
Environmental improvement of slums
Nutrition

31. Seventh Five Year Plan
(1985 to 1989)
31
Congress comes into power
Objectives:
To upgrade the industrial sector
To generate more scope of employment
Improved facilities for Education to girls
Increase productivity of small and large scale
farmers

32. Achievements:
Using modern technology
Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter
Making India an Independent Economy
Anti-poverty programs

33. Eighth Five Year Plan
(1992 to 1997)
33
Objectives:
Modernization of Industrial Sector
The plan focused on technical development
Strengthening the infrastructure
Involvement of Panchayat raj, Nagarpalika, N.G.O's &
people's participation
Many flawed plans & Policies were rectified in this plan.
During this period India was the only lucky one to become
a member of the WTO (1st Jan 1995)

34. 34
ACHIEVEMENTS:
Production of food increased from 51 million to 176.22
million
GDP shoots up to a whooping 6.3% ………..the target was
1.6%
The plan was more successful than the 7th year plan
24.4% domestic savings, it contributed 10.1% to
the GDP in regards to Export Earnings
Was a plan that was more successful in meeting
its objectives as compared to other plans?

35. 35
Ninth Five Year Plan
(1997 to 2002)
By Planning Commission
General:
Target 6.5%!!!
Achieved 5.35% 

36. 36
Objectives:
To prioritize rural development
To generate adequate employment
opportunity
To stabilize the prices
To ensure food & nutritional security
Encourage Women improvement
To create a liberal market for Private investment

37. Objectives: (cont…)
37
To provide for basic infrastructural facilitie
Education
Water
Health
Transport
Energy
Achievements:
Yes!! India managed to bring together the giant
power, support & effort of public, private & all level of
Govt.

38. 38
STRATEGIES
•Structural transformations and developments in the
Indian economy.
•New initiatives and initiation of corrective steps to
meet the challenges in the economy of the country.
•Efficient use of scarce resources to ensure rapid
growth.
•Combination of public and private support to increase
employment.
•Enhancing high rates of export to achieve self-
reliance.

39. 39
STRATEGIES (Cont..)
•Providing services like electricity,
telecommunication, railways etc.
•Special plans to empower the socially disadvantaged
classes of the country.
•Involvement and participation of Panchayati Raj
institutions/bodies and Nagar Palikas in the
development process.

40. 40
PERFORMANCE
•The Ninth Five-Year Plan achieved a GDP
growth rate of 5.4% against a target of 6.5%
•The agriculture industry grew at a rate of 2.1%
against the target of 4.2%
•The industrial growth in the country was 4.5%
which was higher than that of the target of 3%
•The service industry had a growth rate of 7.8%.
An average annual growth rate of 6.7% was
reached

41. Tenth Five Year Plan
(2002 to 2007)
41
The Tenth Five Plan will cover a period from 1st April 2002 to 31st march 2007.
The Tenth plan provides an opportunity at the start of the new millennium, to
build upon the gains of the past but also to address the weakness that have
emerged. Some of the gains of the past are:
I. The growth rate of the national income has important from
average of about 5.7% in the eighties to an average of about
6.5% in the Eighth and Ninth Plan periods making India one of
the ten fastest growing developing countries.
II. The percentage of the population in poverty has continued to
decline.
III. Population growth has decelerated below 2% for the first time
in four decades.
IV. Literacy has increased from 52% in 1991 to 65% in 2001.
V. Sectors such as software services and IT enabled services have
emerged as new source of strength, creating confidence about
India’s potential to be competitive in the world economy.

42. However, there are several aspects of development where
our progress is clearly disappointing. Some of the weaknesses
are:
I. The decline of unemployment is relatively high at
above 7%.
II. More than half of the children 1-5 years old in rural
areas are under nourished.
III. The girl children are suffering even more severe
malnutrition.
IV. The infant morality rate has stagnated at 72 per 1000
for the last several years.
V. As many as 60% of rural households and about 20% of
urban household do not have a power connection.
VI. Only 60% of urban households have taps within their
homes.
VII. The Tenth Plan must learn from past experience. It
must strengthen what has worked well, but it must
also avoid repeating past failures. It is with objective
that the tenth Five Year Plan is being drawn up as a
Reform Plan instead of merely having a Resource Plan.

43.  Objectives of the Tenth Plan:
43
Main objectives of the tenth plan are:
Rate of growth of national income
Growth rate of per capita income
Improvement in Quality of life
Reduction in poverty
Provision of gainful employment
Provision of universal education
Reduction in gender gaps
Reduction in growth of population
Increases in Literacy Rate
Reduction in Infant Mortality Rate
Reduction in Material Mortality Ratio (MMR)
Environmental Protection
Provision of Drinking Water
Growth, Equity and Sustainability
Balanced Developed in all States

44. 44
Strategy of the Tenth Plan:
1. Acceleration
2. Redefining the Role of Government
3. Agricultural Development
4. Employment
5. Social Safety
6. Environment Conservation
7. Competitive

45. Eleventh Five Year Plan
(2007-2012)
45
Introduction:
The National Development Council has approved the
11th Five Year Plan for the period from 2007 to 2012.
The plan document is entitled “Towards Faster and
More Inclusive Growth”.

46. Infrastructure
• Roads
• Ports
• Airports
• Railways
• Power
• Irrigation
• Telecom/IT
Education
Youth Affairs
Sports and Physical Education
Health
Objectives/Targets of plan:
Women and Children
Income and Poverty
Environment

47. Strategy of 11th Plan:
47
The main elements of strategy of 11th Plan are:
1. Rapid Growth
2. Inclusive Growth
3. Main Priority Areas
4. Main Focus on Private Sector

48. 48
Main Areas of 11th Plan:
Main areas of 11th plan are as
follows:
1. Agriculture
2. Infrastructure
Highways
Airports
Railways
Power Generation
3. Rural Infrastructure: Specific
Targets of Bharat Nirman
Programme for the Period
(2005-2009)
Irrigation
Rural Roads
Rural Housing
Rural Water
Rural Electrification
Rural Telephone
4. Industry
5. Employment
6. Education
7. Health
8. Social Sector

49. 49
Assessment of Economic Planning in India:
o Achievements:
1. Increase in National Income
2. Increase in Per Capita Income
3. Increase in the Rate of Capital
Formation
4. Development of Agriculture
5. Industrial Development
6. Infrastructure Development
7. Generation of Employment
8. Development of Social Services
Life Expectancy
Death Rate
Education
Health
9. Self-Reliance
10. Structural and Institutional Changes
o Failures:
The major failures of economic
planning are as follows:
1. No Substantial Increase in
the Standard of Living
2. Increase in Unemployment
3. Inequality in Distribution of
Income and Wealth
4. More Ambitious
5. Paradox of Saving and
Investment
6. Predominance of Welfare
Considerations
7. Less Growth in Productive
Sector

50. 50
TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
•The government on 4th October approved the
12th five year plan (2012-17) that set average
growth target at 8.2 percent.
•The theme of the Approach Paper is
“Faster, Sustainable and more inclusive
growth” .

51. 51
OBJECTIVES
Basic objective : Faster, More Inclusive, and
Sustainable Growth.
Could aim at 9.0 to 9.5 percent
For growth to be more inclusive we need: Better
performance in agriculture
Faster creation of jobs, especially in
manufacturing
Stronger efforts at health, education and
Infrastructure.
Special plans for disadvantaged/backward
regions

52. 52
STRATEGIC CHALLENGES
Based on an intensive process within the
Commission, following "Twelve Strategy
Challenges" have been identified
1. Enhancing the Capacity for Growth
2. Enhancing Skills and Faster Generation of
Employment
3. Managing the Environment
4. Markets for Efficiency and Inclusion
5. Decentralization, Empowerment and
Information
6. Technology and Innovation

53. 53
STRATEGIC CHALLENGES (Cont…)
7. Securing the Energy Future for India
8. Accelerated Development of Transport
Infrastructure
9. Rural Transformation and Sustained Growth
of Agriculture
10. Managing Urbanization
11. Improved Access to Quality Education
12. Better Preventive and Curative Health Care

54. 54
Target at least 4% growth for agriculture.
Cereals are on target for 1.5 to 2% growth.
Land and water are the critical constraints.
Technology must focus on land productivity and
water use efficiency.
Farmers need better functioning markets for both
outputs and inputs. Also, better rural
infrastructure, including storage and food
processing
States must act to modify APMC Act/Rules,
modernize land records and enable properly
recorded land lease markets.
AGRICULTURE

55. 55
• Investment and capacity additions are critical for
sustained industrial growth.
• Need to grow at 11-12% per year to create 2 million
additional jobs per year. Growth in 11th Plan is in 8%.
• Indian industry must develop greater domestic value
addition.
• Tune-up FDI and trade policies to attract quality
investment in critical areas.
• Improve business regulatory framework: ‘cost of doing
business’, transparency, incentives for R&D, innovation
etc.
• Better consultation and co-ordination in industrial policy
making
Industry

56. 56
• Some sectors should be given special attention because they
contribute most to our objectives
e.g. Create large employment: textiles and garments, leather
and footwear; gems and jewellery; food processing industries
• Deepen technological capabilities:
• Machine tools; IT hardware and electronics
• Provide strategic security:
• telecom equipment; aerospace; shipping; defence
equipment
• Capital equipment for infrastructure growth:
• Heavy electrical equipment; Heavy transport and earth-
moving equipment
• Sectoral plans are being prepared for each of the above with
involvement of industry associations and the concerned
Ministries
Industry

57. 57
Must aim at universalisation of secondary education by
2017
Must aim at raising the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in
Higher Education to 20 percent by 2017 and 25 percent
by 2022
Must focus on quality of education. Must invest in faculty
development and teachers’ training
Must aim at significant reduction in social, gender and
regional gaps in education. Targets to be set for this
purpose
Research and innovation in higher education must be
encouraged with cross-linkages between institutions and
industry
Education
and Skill
Development

58. 58
• Better health is not only about curative care, but about
better prevention, Clean drinking water, sanitation and
better nutrition, childcare, etc. Convergence of schemes
across Ministries is needed.
• Expenditure on health by Centre and States to increase
from 1.3% of GDP to at least 2.0%, and perhaps 2.5% of
GDP by end of 12th Plan
• Desperate shortage of medical personnel. Need targeted
approach to increase seats in medical colleges, nursing
colleges and other licensed health professionals
• Health insurance cover should be expanded to all
disadvantaged groups
• Focus on women and children; ICDS needs to be
revamped
Health

59. 59
• Commercial energy demand will increase at 7%
p.a. if GDP grows at 9%. This will require a
major supply side response and also demand
management
• Energy pricing is a major issue. Petroleum and
Coal prices are significantly below world prices
and world prices are unlikely to soften.
Energy

60. 60
• We must set a target of 100,000 MW capacity in 12th
Plan (against achievement of 50,000 MW in Eleventh
Plan)
• Coal availability will be a major constraint
• Hydro-power development seriously hindered by
forest and environment clearance procedures.
Himalayan States complain strongly.
• Electricity tariffs not being revised to reflect rising
costs. Regulators are being held back from allowing
justified tariff increases.
1. Power Sector Issues

61. 61
• Nuclear power programme must continue with
necessary safety review.
• Solar Mission is seriously underfunded.
• Need longer term energy solution for cooking in
rural areas. Expand LPG network (with cash
subsidy for the deserving, not subsidized
prices). Also use off grid solar and bio-mass
energy
• Wind power development, including off shore
wind power, needs to be encouraged
2. Other Energy Sources

62. 62
• India’s urban population is expected to increase from 400
million in 2011 to about 600 million or more by 2030
• Critical challenges are basic urban services especially for
the poor: water, sewerage, sanitation, solid waste
management, affordable housing, public transport
• Investment required in urban infrastructure is estimated at
`60 lakh crore over the next 20 years
• We need to develop and propagate innovative ways of
municipal financing, through Public-Private Partnerships
(PPPs)
• Land management strategies key for good urban
development as well as financing urban infrastructure
development
URBAN DEVELOPMENT

63. 63
• Railways’ Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight
Corridors must be completed by the end of the Twelfth
Plan
• High Speed Rail link between Delhi-Mumbai and
Delhi-Kolkata in the Twelfth Five Year Plan
• Complete the linkages between the ports and the
existing road and rail network. Need to deepen
existing ports. Increase bulk/container capacity
• Ensure sufficient provision for maintenance of the
already-built roads
• Invest in unified tolling and better safety on highways
• Improve bus services/public transport in smaller cities,
towns and districts.

64. 64

65. 65
• Health and Education received less than projected in
Eleventh Plan. Allocations for these sectors have
increased in 12th Plan
• Health, Education and Skill Development together in the
Centre’s Plan have increased by 1.2 percent point of GDP
• Infrastructure, including irrigation and watershed
management and urban infrastructure, will need additional
0.7 percentage point of GDP over the next 4 years
• Use of PPP must be encouraged, including in the social
sector, i.e. health and education. Efforts on this front need
to be intensified
Resource Allocation Priorities in 12th Plan

66. 66

67. 67