Php Online Final

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CONTENTS INCLUDE:

PHP
■
Configuration
■
Popular PEAR Packages
■
Object-Oriented PHP
■
Regular Expressions
■
MySQL Integration
■
Hot Tips and more... By W. Jason Gilmore

ABOUT THIS REFCARD POPULAR PEAR PACKAGES

PHP is the world's most popular server-side Web scripting The PHP Extension Application Repository (PEAR) is the de facto
language, sporting a syntax simple enough to attract novice service for distributing reusable PHP components. Over 500
programmers yet powerful enough to run some of the world's packages are available for download from http://pear.php.net/,
most popular websites, among them Yahoo!, Facebook, including these popular solutions:
GameSpy, and Vimeo.
PEAR Packages Description
This reference card was created to help you quickly navigate Auth Facilitates authentication against IMAP, LDAP, plaintext files,
some of PHP's most commonplace features, including object- most modern databases, RADIUS, and other authentication
oriented programming, array and string manipulation, regular solutions.
expressions, and MySQL integration. Config Aids in the management of application configuration data
HTML_QuickForm2 Streamlines the creation, processing, and validation of HTML
forms.
CONFIGURATION HTML_Table Simplifies the generation of dynamic HTML tables
HTTP_Upload Assists in the management of files uploaded through an
PHP's behavior can be configured at a variety of levels: HTML form.
Mail Facilitates transmission of e-mail through a website by
Global Configuration supporting multiple mailer backends (including PHP's native
The php.ini file is PHP's configuration file, containing more mail() function, Sendmail, and SMTP)

than 200 directives capable of tweaking nearly every aspect of MDB2 A database abstraction layer supporting numerous
databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and MS
the language's behavior. This file is parsed every time PHP is SQL.
invoked, which for the server module version occurs only when Net_UserAgent_ Provides information regarding the user's browser and
www.dzone.com

the web server starts, and every time for the CGI version. Detect operating system.
PHPDocumentor Automates the code documentation creation and
Host- and Directory-specific Configuration management process
If you lack access to the php.ini file, you may be able to change PHPUnit Aids in the creation, execution and analysis of application
desired directives within Apache's httpd.conf or .htaccess files. tests
For instance, to force the display of all PHP errors for solely your XML_RPC Supports creation of PHP-driven XML-RPC clients and
development domain (for instance http://dev.wjgilmore.com), servers.

add the following to a .htaccess file:
php_flag display_errors on POPULAR FRAMEWORKS

Each directive is assigned one of three permis- Web frameworks help the programmer to embrace best practices,
Hot sion levels (PHP_INI_ALL, PHP_INI_PER_DIR, PHP_ simultaneously decreasing errors and eliminating redundant code.
Tip INI_SYSTEM) which determines where it can be If you haven't yet settled upon a framework, consider checking out
set. Be sure to consult the PHP documentation one or several of the following popular solutions:
before tweaking settings outside of the php.ini file. See
http://www.php.net/ini for a complete list of directives. Get More Refcardz
(They’re free!)
Script-specific Configuration
Occasionally you'll want to tweak directives on a per-script basis. ■ Authoritative content
For instance to change PHP's maximum allowable execution ■ Designed for developers
time for a script tasked with uploading large files, you could call
the ini_set() function from within your PHP script like so:
■ Written by top experts
ini_set('max_execution_time', 60); ■ Latest tools & technologies
■ Hot tips & examples
Changing the PHP File Extension
PHP's default file extension is .php, however you can change it
■ Bonus content online
to whatever you please by adding the desired extension to the ■ New issue every 1-2 weeks
AddType directive within Apache's httpd.conf file. For instance to
configure Apache to recognize .dzone as a supported PHP file Subscribe Now for FREE!
PHP

extension: Refcard
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AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .dzone

DZone, Inc. | www.dzone.com

2
PHP

Popular Frameworks, continued Object-Oriented PHP, continued
Framework Source Class Constants
CakePHP http://www.cakephp.org/ Class constants are defined with the const keyword, and can
CodeIgniter http://www.codeigniter.com/ be referenced through the scope resolution operator (::). For
eZ Components http://ez.no/ezcomponents instance, to define a constant identifying the RadioStation class'
Prado http://www.pradosoft.com/ minimum supported PHP version:
symfony http://www.symfony-project.org/
Zend Framework http://framework.zend.com/ const MIN_PHP_VER = '5.3';

You can then reference it outside the class like so:
OBJECT-ORIENTED PHP echo RadioStation::MIN_PHP_VER;

Extending Classes
Creating a Class
Class hierarchies can be created using the extends keyword. For
A class defines the behavior and characteristics of an entity you'd
instance, an application tasked with cataloging all major media
like to represent in an application. A sample class follows:
outlets might first define a MediaOutlet class which defines
class RadioStation {
private $_id; some broad characteristics, and then child classes such as
private $_name; RadioStation and TVStation would inherit from it:
private $_frequency;
class MediaOutlet {
private $_band;
protected $owner;
private $_audioStream;
protected $residentCountry;
public function setBand($band) {
$this->_band = $band; public function setOwner($owner) {
} ...
}
public function getBand() { }
return $this->_band; class RadioStation extends MediaOutlet {
} ...
... }
} If you wanted to prevent child classes (in this case,
Object Instantiation RadioStation) from overriding a parent method, prefix it with
the final keyword. For instance:
To create an instance of a class (known as an object), you call the
class name like you would a function, preceding it with the new final public function setOwner($owner) {
keyword: ...
}
$wtvn = new RadioStation();
Class Abstraction
Class Constructors
The aforementioned MediaOutlet class would be more
Constructors are useful for performing initialization tasks at
accurately defined as an abstract class, because it would never
class instantiation time, thereby saving you the hassle of calling
be explicitly instantiated (instead, one would instantiate derived
additional class methods. Constructors are declared using the
classes such as RadioStation, TVStation, Newspaper, etc.).
__construct() method, like so:
Abstract classes are declared using the abstract keyword:
function __construct($id=quot;quot;) {
// If specific station ID is requested, retrieve it abstract class MediaOutlet {
from the database ...
if (isset($id)) }
$this->find($id);
} You can choose to override any methods found within an
abstract class, which would then be inherited by its child classes,
Class Destructors or alternatively you can declare them as abstract, requiring these
Custom class destructors can perform tasks when the object is methods be defined by any child.
destroyed. You can create a destructor using the __destruct()
method: Creating Interfaces
function __destruct() { An interface helps developers rigorously enforce application
printf(quot;The radio station %s has been destroyed!quot;, specifications, and is similar to an abstract class, but contains
$this->name);
}
solely the required method signatures. Any class implementing
the interface must also implement all defined interface methods.
Attribute and Method Visibility Interfaces are defined using the interface keyword and their
PHP supports three levels of attribute and method visibility: names are typically prefixed with a capital I:
Attribute and Description interface IRadioStation {
Method Visibility public function setBand($band);
Public Public attributes and methods can be accessed anywhere public function getBand();
}
Private Private attributes and methods are only accessible within
the class that defines them class RadioStation implements IRadioStation {
Protected Protected attributes and methods are available to the class ...
and its subclasses. }


3
PHP

Multidimensional Arrays, continued
WORKING WITH ARRAYS
Referencing an element isn't unlike the methods used for
The array is one of programming's most powerful data structures, indexed and associative arrays; it's just a tad more verbose:
capable of managing a seemingly endless variety of data. $channel = $stations[quot;FMquot;][quot;WTVNquot;];

Creating an Array Determining Array Size
The following two examples all create an array named $stations The number of elements found in an array can be determined
consisting of three elements: using the count() function:
// Outputs quot;3 stations are being trackedquot;
$stations = array (
printf(quot;%d stations are being trackedquot;,
quot;WTVNquot;,
quot;WBNSquot;, count($stations));
quot;WYTSquot;);
Sorting Arrays
$stations = array();
$count = array_push($stations, quot;WTVNquot;, quot;WBNSquot;, quot;WYTSquot;);
PHP offers a powerful assortment of functions (more than 70)
capable of sorting arrays in a variety of ways. Most of these
You can create an array consisting of a character- or numerically- functions accept an optional parameter which can change the
based range using the range() function: sorting behavior. Four values are supported, including SORT_
// $teenListenerDemographic = REGULAR for comparing elements without implicit typecasting,
// array(13,14,15,16,17,18,19) SORT_NUMERIC for comparing elements numerically, SORT_STRING
$teenListenerDemographic = range(13,19); for comparing elements as strings, and SORT_LOCALE_STRING, for
sorting elements according to the defined locale.
Retrieving Array Contents
Description Function
Indexed arrays such as those created so far can be accessed
Sort an array while maintaining the bool asort(array &$array [, int $sort_flags])
according to their numerical offset (beginning with a zero- key association
based offset). For instance to retrieve the second value in the Reverse sort an associative array bool arsort(array &$array [, int $sort_flags])
$stations array: while maintaining key association

$callSignal = $stations[1]; Sort an associative array by key, bool ksort(array &$array [, int $sort_flags])
maintaining index association
Perhaps the most flexible way to enumerate array contents is Reverse sort an associative array by bool krsort(array &$array [, int $sort_flags])
through the foreach statement: key, maintaining index association

foreach($stations AS $station) Sort an array case-insensitively in an bool natcasesort($array &array)
order logically presumed by humans
printf(quot;%s quot;, $station);
Sort an array in an order logically bool natsort(array &$array)
Associative Arrays presumed by humans
Sort an array in reverse order bool rsort(array &$array [, int $sort_flags])
Associative arrays give developers the opportunity to assign
meaningful context to both the array value and its corresponding Sort an array according to the bool usort(array &$array, callback
specifications of a user-defined $comparison_function)
key: function
$stations = array( Sort an array according to the bool uasort(array &$array, callback
quot;WTVNquot; => quot;610quot;, specifications of a user-defined $comparison_function)
quot;WBNSquot; => quot;1460quot;, function, maintaining index
quot;WYTSquot; => quot;1230 quot; association

); Key sort an array according to the bool uksort(array &$array, callback
specifications of a user-defined $comparison_function)
You can then obtain a value (in this case the station/band) by function
referencing its call signal:
Consult the PHP manual for a complete listing: http://www.php.
// $channel = quot;610quot; net/array.
$channel = $stations[quot;WTVNquot;];

The foreach statement proves equally useful for navigating STRING PARSING
associative arrays:
foreach($stations AS $key => value) PHP supports over 100 functions identified as specific to string
printf(quot;%s => %s quot;, $key, $value);
parsing and manipulation. Following are the most commonly
Multidimensional Arrays used tasks.
Multidimensional arrays are useful for representing more Description Function
complex data structures: Converting an array $stations = array(quot;WTVNquot;,quot;WBNSquot;,quot;WYTSquot;);
to a string $stations = implode(quot;,quot;, $stations)
$stations = array( // $stations = quot;WTVN,WBNS,WYTSquot;
quot;AMquot; => Converting a string $stations = quot;WTVN,WBNS,WYTSquot;;
array(quot;WTVNquot; => quot;610quot;, to an array $stations = explode(quot;,quot;, $stations);
// $stations[0]=quot;WTVNquot;, $stations[1]=quot;WBNSquot;,
quot;WBNSquot; => quot;1460quot;, $stations[2]=quot;WYTSquot;
quot;WYTSquot; => quot;1230quot;),
Counting words in $sentence = quot;Columbus is home to numerous
quot;FMquot; => radio stationsquot;;
a string
array(quot;WLVQquot; => quot;96.3quot;, $words = str_word_count($sentence);
quot;WNCIquot; => quot;97.9quot;) // $words = 7
See also: count_chars()
);

4
PHP

String Parsing, continued Metacharacters
A Match only beginning of string
Description Function
b Match a word boundary
Converting $callsign = strtoupper(quot;wtvnquot;);
a string to B Match anything but word boundary
// $callsign = quot;WTVNquot;
uppercase
See also: lcwords(), strtolower(), ucfirst(),
d Match a digit character
ucwords() D Match a non-digit character
Strip HTML and PHP $input = quot;You won the <a href=quot;http://www. s Match a whitespace character
tags from a string example.comquot;>lottery!</a>.quot;
$clean = strip_tags($input); S Match a non-whitespace character
// $clean = quot;You won the lottery!quot;
[] Enclose a character class
See also: htmlentities(), htmlspecialchars()
() Enclose a character grouping or define backreference
Replace all $phrase = quot;Big rockers listen to rock radioquot;;
$ Match end of line
occurrences of a $phrase = str_replace(quot;rockquot;, quot;talkquot;, $phrase);
substring // $phrase = quot;Big talkers listen to talk radioquot; ^ Match beginning of line
See also: substr_replace(), strireplace(), . Match any character except for newline
strtr()
Quote the next metacharacter
Return part of a string $description = quot;WFAN: Sports Radio 66quot;;
as specified by an $callsign = substr($description, 0, 4); w Match any string containing underscore and alphanumeric
offset See also: strrchr() characters
W Match a string containing anything but underscore and
Compare two strings if (strcasecmp(quot;WTVNquot;, quot;wtvnquot;) == 0) alphanumericl characters
case-insensitively echo quot;The strings are equal in a case-
insensitive context.quot;
POSIX Regular Expression Functions
See also: strncasecmp()
PHP supports seven functions as defined by the POSIX 1003.2
Convert newline $stations = quot;WTVN: 610nWLW: 700nWYTS: 1230quot;; specification, including these commonly used solutions:
characters to the $html = nl2br($stations);
HTML tag // $html = quot;WTVN: 610 WLW: 700 WYTS: int ereg(str $pattern, str $string Search $string for a $pattern. You can optionally
1230quot;
[, array &$regs]) include the $regs parameter, which will cause
See also: htmlentities(), htmlspecialchars() an array of the same name to be returned
containing each match. See eregi() for case-
insensitive counterpart.
string ereg_replace(str Replace any patterns found in string with
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS $pattern, str $replacement, str replacement. See eregi_replace() for case-
$string) insensitive counterpart.
array split(str $pattern, str Split $string into an array, dividing it according
PHP's regular expression features borrow heavily from both the $string [, int $limit]) to $pattern. See spliti() for case-insensitive
Perl and POSIX formats, and in fact are formally identified as counterpart.
such.
POSIX Regular Expression Syntax
Perl-compatible (PCRE) Regular Expression Functions
[0-9] Any decimal digit from 0 - 9
PHP supports eight PCRE-specific functions, including these
[a-z] Any character from lowercase a through lowercase z
commonly used solutions:
[A-Z] Any character from uppercase A through uppercase Z
Function Description [A-Za-z] Any character from upper case A through lowercase z

array preg_grep(str Searches $subject for $pattern, returning an array of p+ Any string containing at least one p
$pattern, array $subject matches. The optional $flags parameter can be set to p* Any string containing zero or more p's
[, int $flags]) PREG_GREP_INVERT, causing an array consisting of
unmatched elements to be returned. p? Any string containing zero or one p
p{N} Any string containing sequence of two p's
int preg_match(str Determines whether $pattern exists in $subject. If
p{N,M} Any string containing sequence of between N and M p's
$pattern, str $subject [, $matches is defined, a similarly named variable will
array &$matches [, int be returned containing the matches. If $flags is set to p{2,} Any string containing sequence of at least two p's
$flags [, int $offset]]]) PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, the string offset value will
p$ Any string with p at the end of it
also be returned for each match. See preg_match_all()
for a variation of this function. ^p Any string with p at the beginning of it
[â-zA-Z] Any string not containing characters a-z through A-Z
mixed preg_ Searches $subject for $pattern, replacing any
replace(mixed $pattern, instances with $replacement. See preg_replace_ p.p Any string containing p followed by any character, followed by
mixed $replacement, callback() for a variation of this function. another p
mixed $subject [, int
$limit [, int &$count]]) Regular Expression Examples
Validating a Phone Number
Common PCRE Pattern Modifiers Presumes the required format is XXX-XXX-XXXX.
Modifier Description // PCRE
g Perform a global search
if (preg_match('/^[2-9]{1}d{2}-d{3}-d{4}$/', '614-
599-2599'))
i Perform a case-insensitive search
echo quot;Valid number!quot;;
m Treat the string as multiple lines (
// POSIX
s Ignore newline characters
if (ereg('^[2-9]{1}[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$', '614-
x Ignore white space and comments
999-2599'))
u Stop at the first match (ungreedy search)
echo quot;Valid number!quot;;

5
PHP

Validating a Username Telling Time with PHP, continued
Presumes username is between 6 and 10 alphabetical and
numerical characters. Month Parameters
// PCRE F Full text representation of month

if (preg_match('/^[a-z0-9]{6,10}$/i', '800gilmore')) m Numeric representation of month
echo quot;Valid username!quot;; M Three letter textual representation of month
// POSIX n Numeric representation of month, without leading zeros
if (eregi('^[a-z0-9]{6,10}$', '800gilmore')) t Number of days in given month
echo quot;Valid username!quot;;
Year Parameters
Turn URLs into hyperlinks L Whether date is a leap year
// PCRE
o ISO-8601 year number
$text = quot;Go to http://www.wjgilmore.com.quot;;
Y Full numeric representation of year
$html = preg_replace('/s(w+://)(S+.?)(w+)/',
y Two digit representation of year
' <a href=quot;123quot;>123</a>', $text);
// POSIX
$text = quot;Go to http://www.wjgilmore.com. quot;;
Date Function Examples
$html= ereg_replace('[a-zA-Z]+://(([.]?[a-zA- July 29, 2008 print date('F j, Y');
Z0-9_/-])*)', '<a href=quot;0quot;>0</a>', $string); 7/29/08 print date('m/j/y');
// $html = quot;Go to <a href=quot; http://www.wjgilmore.
Today is Tuesday, July 29 10:45:21am printf(quot;Today is %squot;, date('l, F j h:i:sa'));
comquot;>http://www.wjgilmore.com.quot;
There are 31 days in July. printf(quot;There are %d days in %s.quot;,
date('t'), date('F'));

TELLING TIME WITH PHP
Setting the Timezone
The Date Function You can set the timezone for all scripts by setting the date.
timezone configuration directive within the php.ini file, or on
The date() f unction is perhaps one of PHP's most commonly
a per-script basis using the date_default_timezone_set()
used functions, capable of retrieving nearly every temporal
function.
attribute of a specific timestamp.
string date(string $format [, $int $timestamp]) Other Useful Functions
a Lowercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem Function Description
A Uppercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem int mktime([int $hour [, int $min [, int Returns the Unix timestamp for a given
$sec [, int $month [, int $day [, int $year date
B Swatch Internet Time
[, int $is_dst]]]]]]])
c ISO 8601 date
int time() Returns current timestamp
e Timezone identifier
string setlocale(int $category, string Sets the script locale
g 12-hour hour format without leading zeros $locale)
G 24-hour hour format with leading zeros
int strtotime(string $time [, int $now]) Converts English textual date/time
h 12-hour hour format with leading zeros description into a Unix timestamp
H 24-hour hour format with leading zeros bool checkdate(int $month, int $day, Validates the date composed by the
i Minutes with leading zeros int $year) $month, $day, and $year arguments.

I Specifies whether date is in daylight savings time array getdate([int $timestamp]) Retrieves a timestamp as an associative
array. Associative keys include seconds,
O Difference to Greenwich time (GMT) in hours minutes, hours, mday (day of the
P Difference to Greenwhich time (GMT) with colon between hours and month), wday (day of week), mon
minutes (month), year, yday (day of the year),
weekday, month, and 0 (seconds since
r RFC 2822 date
UNIX Epoch)
s Seconds, with leading zeros
T Timezone abbreviation PHP 5.1.0 introduced an object-oriented DateTime class. See
u Milliseconds http://www.php.net/DateTime for more information.
U Seconds since Unix Epoch
Date-related Examples
z Timezone offset in seconds
Output quot;December 25 $date = date('l', mktime(0,0,0,12,25,2008));
Day Parameters falls on a Thursdayquot; printf(quot;December 25 falls on a %squot;, $date);

d Day of month, two digits with leading zeros Output quot;Next month is printf(quot;Next month is %squot;, date('F', strtotime('+1
August.quot; month')));
D Three letter textual representation of day
Output quot;Last Friday $date = date('F d, Y', strtotime('Last Friday'));
j Day of month without leading zeros
fell on July 25, 2008quot; printf(quot;Last Friday fell on %squot;, $date);
l Textual representation of day
Output quot;Oggi è setlocale(LC_ALL, quot;it_ITquot;);
N ISO-8601 numeric representation
martedìquot; printf(quot;Oggi è %squot;, strftime(quot;%Aquot;));
S Two character English ordinal suffix for day of month
Retrieve a page's last- echo date('l, F j h:i:sa', filemtime($_SERVER[quot;SCRIPT_
w Numeric representation of day of week modified date NAMEquot;]));
z Numerical offset of day of year
Calculate the $date1 = strtotime(quot;2008-08-14quot;);
difference between $date2 = strtotime(quot;2008-07-11quot;);
Week Parameters two dates
$diff = $date2 - $date1;
W ISO-8601 week number of year printf(quot;Difference in days: %squot;, $diff / 60 / 60 / 24);

6
PHP

Retrieving data as an indexed array:
MYSQL INTEGRATION while ($row = $result->fetch_row() {
printf(quot;%Squot;, $row[0]);
Although PHP supports several popular databases, MySQL }
remains by far the most common database solution. PHP's Retrieving data as an object:
MySQL support has evolved considerably in recent years, with while ($row = $result->fetch_object() {
the MySQLi (MySQL Improved) extension being the current printf(quot;%Squot;, $row->callsign);
recommended solution. Here are the most commonly used }
methods.
Determining the Number of Rows Affected and Retrieved
To determine the number of affected rows after sending an
The PHP 5.3 release includes a new MySQL
Hot INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE query, use the affected_rows
driver known as mysqlnd (MySQL Native Driver).
Tip This driver eliminates the need for a previously
property.

required special licensing exception (FLOSS), and Example:
eliminates the need to have MySQL installed on the same ma- $result = $mysqli->query(quot;UPDATE stations SET station =
'610' WHERE callsign = 'WTVN'quot;);
chine as PHP. It has already been integrated with the mysql printf(quot;Rows affected: %dquot;, $result->rows_affected);
and mysqli extensions, with PDO support in the works.
To determine how many rows were returned when using a
SELECT query, use the num_rows property:
Connecting to MySQL $result = $mysqli->query(quot;SELECT * FROM stations WHERE
state ='Ohio');
The mysqli extension provides a number of ways to connect to
MySQL, but the easiest involves just passing the connection data printf(quot;Rows affected: %dquot;, $result->num_rows);
along when instantiating the mysqli class:
Working with Prepared Statements
mysqli new mysqli([string host [, string user [, string
pswd Prepared statements both optimize query performance and
[string dbname [int port [string socket]]]]]]); decrease the possibility of SQL injection attacks by separating
the query data from the logic, ﬁrst passing the query to MySQL
Here's an example:
for preparation, binding variables to the query columns, and
$mysqli = new mysqli(quot;localhostquot;, quot;webuserquot;, quot;secretquot;,
quot;corporatequot;); ﬁnally passing the data to MySQL for query execution.
To prepare a query, create the query, and then initialize a
Handling Connection Errors
statement object using the stmt_init() method:
In case of connection error you can retrieve both the error $query = quot;INSERT INTO stations VALUES(?, ?)quot;;
number and error string using the errno() and error()
$stmt = $mysqli->stmt_init();
methods. Example:
if ($mysqli->errno) { Next the query is prepared by passing it to MySQL using the
printf(quot;Unable to connect: %squot;, $mysqli->error); prepare() method:
exit(); $stmt->prepare($query);
}
Next, bind the parameters using the bind_param() method:
Sending a Query to the Database $stmt->bind_param('ss', quot;WTVNquot;, quot;610quot;);
Once the connection has been established, you can begin Finally, execute the prepared statement using the execute()
querying the database. Queries are sent using the query() method:
method: $stmt->execute();
mixed query(string $query [, int $resultmode])
You can also use prepared statements to retrieve results. The
Setting the optional $resultmode parameter to MYSQLI_USE_ general process used to execute the previous INSERT query is
RESULT will cause query() to return the result as an unbuffered identical to that required for executing a SELECT query, except
set. that the bind_param() method is not required, and you bind
Example: results following a call to the execute() method. An example
$result = $mysqli->query(quot;SELECT callsign FROM follows:
stationsquot;);
$query = quot;SELECT callsign, frequency FROM stations
Sending INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE queries works ORDER BY callsignquot;;
identically. For instance, sending an UPDATE query works like $stmt = $mysqli->stmt_init();
this: $stmt->prepare($query);
$result = $mysqli->query(quot;UPDATE stations SET station $stmt->execute();
= '610' WHERE callsign = 'WTVN'quot;); $stmt->bind_result($callsign, $frequency);
while ($stmt->fetch())
Retrieving Data printf(quot;%s: %s quot;, $callsign, $frequency);
Data can be parsed from the result set using a number of data
structures, including via associative and indexed arrays, and Transactions
objects. By default the MySQLi extension will render each query
quot;permanentquot; upon successful execution, actually changing the
Retrieving data as an associative array:
while ($row = $result->fetch_array(MYSQLI_ASSOC) { database's contents when INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE queries
printf(quot;%Squot;, $row[quot;callsignquot;]); are processed. However the success of some tasks depend upon
} the successful execution of several queries, and until all have

7
PHP

Transactions, continued
USEFUL ONLINE RESOURCES
successfully executed, no changes to the database should actually
occur. ATM transactions and online credit card processing are
common examples requiring several queries. Using transactions, Resource Source
you can change the MySQLi extension's behavior, committing a PHP Zone http://php.dzone.com
series of queries as you see fit.
The PHP Website http://www.php.net
To begin a transaction, start by disabling the autocommit feature:
Zend Developer Zone http://devzone.zend.com/
$mysqli->autocommit(FALSE);
PlanetPHP http://www.planet-php.net/
Execute the various queries as you see fit, and if everything
proceeds as you expect, execute the commit() method: PHPDeveloper.org http://phpdeveloper.org/
$mysqli->commit();
Developer.com http://www.developer.com/
Otherwise, if a problem occurs, execute the rollback() method:
ONLamp PHP Devcenter http://www.onlamp.com/php/
$mysqli->rollback();

ABOUT THE AUTHOR RECOMMENDED BOOK

W. Jason Gilmore Beginning PHP and MySQL is
MySQ
Jason Gilmore is founder of W.J. Gilmore, LLC, providing web development, the definitive book on the PHP
consulting, and technical writing services to clientele ranging from publicly language and MySQL database.
traded corporations to small startups. Jason is a prolific contributor to a Readers are treated to compre-
number of leading publications such as Developer.com, Linux Magazine, hensive introductions of both
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