12. Navigation: The theory and practice of navigating, especially the charting of a course for a ship or aircraft.
13. Gunpowder: Any of various explosive powders used to propel projectiles from guns, especially a black mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur.
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16. Voyagers: Either of two unmanned U.S. interplanetary probes launched in 1977 to gather information about the Sun's outer planets.
18. Discovery: The action of discovering; exposure to view; laying open; showing; as, the discovery of a plot.
19. Explorations: The act or an instance of exploring: Arctic exploration; exploration of new theories.
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24. The ones that suffered massive population were the indigenous people of those regions.
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27. Smallpox:An acute, highly infectious, often fatal disease caused by a poxvirus and characterized by high fever and aches with subsequent widespread eruption of pimples that blister, produce pus, and form pockmarks. Also called variola.
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31. Dominate: To control, govern, or rule by superior authority or power: Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
61. Agricultural: The science, art, and business of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock; farming.
62. Catholicism: Emerged as a distinctive force in Ireland during the late 16th and 17th cents., when it became clear that the imposition of the new Anglican State Church had failed, and that the Counter-Reformation had put down roots among the majority population. Irish Catholics were politically impotent at the beginning of the 18th cent.
83. Dominate: To control, govern, or rule by superior authority or power: Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
84. Colonies: A group of emigrants or their descendants who settle in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the parent country.
85. System: group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole.
86. Civilizations: An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions.
![The West and the World After the fifteenth century, explorers from western Europe hacked out empires in the Americas and redefined the nature of international exchange. New areas of the world regions of Africa, the Americas, and Polynesia were brought into the system for the first time. The level of exchange between civilizations became so critical that it affected older political and cultural traditions. In some cases, areas of Asia and the Middle East began to emulate developments in the West. Ideas: ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)