2. Our purpose
Lest we forget:
Serving the author and reader
Disseminate content as widely as possible
Ensure content is easily discoverable
Provide information in an efficient and trouble-free manner
regardless of:
Content type
User requirements
Desired methods of access
3. The supply chain (simple version)
Author Funders
Submission
and Peer
End User
Review
System
Discovery Data Societies
Publisher
Service Providers and
Systems
(multiple)
Online Host
or
Consortium Library
Consortium Technology
Partner
Fulfilment Subscription
House or Agent or
System Sales Agent
4. What could possibly go wrong?
Records are unconnected through the supply chain, links fail:
Between entities
Between internal systems
Between external systems
Renewals are mishandled
Journal transfers are mishandled
Access and authentication is mishandled
Authors and individuals are not linked to their institution
Open access fees have to be checked manually
Authors are not linked to their research
Funders are not linked to the research they fund
5. Where stronger links are needed
Finding a path to using standardized data, which:
Eradicates duplicate records within and between systems
Enables seamless communication between organizations
Smoothes the supply chain, removing ambiguity or lack of
information for any party
Enables higher quality of service
Increases understanding of customer base and enables better
decision making
6. How identifiers help
Proper understanding of the customer, whether author,
reader or institution
Provides a simple basis for wider data governance:
Data governance is defined as the processes, policies,
standards, organization, and technologies required to manage
and ensure the availability, accessibility, quality, consistency,
auditability, and security of data.
7. Ongoing data maintenance
Identifiers enforce uniqueness
Enable ongoing data governance
Ensure systems and links between systems continue to
operate as intended
Protects investment in obtaining data quality
8. Why now?
Number of journals increasing by 3.5% per annum*
Number of articles increasing by 3% per annum, current output is
1.8-1.9 million per year*
Number of researchers increasing by 3% per annum*
Now stand at between 6 and 9 million (depending on definition)*
Growth in China has been in double digits for over 15 years*
Increased demand for anytime/anywhere access
Library budgets are frozen or being cut, less money for more
content means we have to work smarter
* Ware, M and Mabe, M, The STM Report, 2012
9. Identifiers available
People Organisations
International Standard Name International Standard Name
Identifier (ISNI) Identifier (ISNI)
Open Researcher and Ringgold ID
Contributor ID (ORCID) DUNS Number (D&B) and
Scopus Author Identifier other business and finance IDs
ResearcherID MDR PID Numbers and other
marketing IDs
Library of Congress MARC
Code List for Organizations
10. ISNI
ISNI is designed ISNI Number ISNI Number
to be a “bridge
identifier”
Party ID 1 Party ID 2
Proprietary Proprietary
Information and/or Information and/or
Metadata Metadata
11. Author IDs
ORCID is designed to persistently identify and disambiguate
scholarly researchers and attach them to research output.
ORCID identifiers utilize a format compliant with the ISNI ISO
standard.
ISNI has reserved a block of identifiers for use by ORCID, so
there will be no overlaps in assignments.
Recorded as http://orcid.org/0000-0001-2345-6789
http://about.orcid.org/
http://www.isni.org/
12. Disambiguation
Disambiguates all of the researchers called:
Wang
Li
Smith
Jones
Disambiguates all of the different manners in which their name is
recorded:
John J Smith
J.J. Smith
Smith, J
Smith, John J
Removes problems with name changes
13. Use cases
Disambiguation of researchers and connection to all their research
Links to contributors, editors, compilers and others involved in the
research process
Embed IDs into research workflows and the supply chain:
Submission and peer review systems
Research organizations
Research funders
Discovery and profile systems, social media
Links to altmetrics
Integrate systems
14. Institutional IDs
Ringgold is an ISNI Registration Agency
Unique institutional ID number maps data across systems
ISNI numbers should be used across the scholarly supply
chain to:
15. Use cases
Disambiguate institutional records
Eradicate duplication of data
Map institutions into their hierarchy
Ensure correct delivery, entitlements and access rights
Link systems using the institutional ID as the lynchpin
Link information that has never been linked before
Enable accurate data transfer throughout the supply chain
16. Disambiguation
Disambiguates all of the institutions with the same or similar name:
NPL
National Physical Laboratory (UK)
National Physical Laboratory (India)
York Univ.
University of York (UK)
York University (Canada)
Newcastle Univ.
Newcastle University (UK)
University of Newcastle (Australia)
Northeastern Univ.
Northeastern University (Boston, USA)
Northeastern University (Shenyang, China)
17. Disambiguation
Disambiguates all of the different:
Naming conventions
Oxford University
Univ. Oxford
University of Oxford
Library, University of Oxford
Alternative names and acronyms
Institut de Recherche et Documentation en Economie de la Santé
IRDES
Institute for Research and Information in Heath Economics
18. Putting the two together
Author ID and Affiliation ID linked correctly provides:
Market intelligence about authors and institutions
Usage of identifiers
Authors and subscribers mapped together
Where research funding is concentrated
Ability to track open access charges (APCs) to fee structure
automatically
19. Internal linking – in your systems
Using identifiers to connect:
Customer master file
Financial system
CRM/Sales database
Authentication system
Fulfilment
Usage statistics
Submissions system
Author information
Access information from multiple systems in one place
Reduces time and cost in locating information
Utilize information to make decisions and inform strategy
20. External linking – in the supply chain
Using Identifiers will:
Ensure accuracy of information
Speed up data transactions
Reduce queries
Reduce costs
Open data up to new uses
Provide a seamless supply chain where data flows from one
organisation to the next unhindered
Ensures that authors receive credit for the work they produce
Ensures that end users receive uninterrupted access to the
content they need
21. The supply chain
Author Funders
Submission
and Peer
End User
Review
System
Discovery Data Societies
Publisher
Service Providers and
Systems
(multiple)
Online Host
or
Consortium Library
Consortium Technology
Partner
Fulfilment Subscription
House or Agent or
System Sales Agent
23. “Pulling together”
ASA is the ideal forum
Engage with the problems in data transfer
Generate an industry wide policy on using identifiers
Break down data silo mentality
Utilize universal identifiers to enable our systems to
communicate with each other accurately on an ongoing basis
Serve the author and reader more effectively
Strengthen the links in the supply chain