Gods And Godesses A E

Ancient Egyptian History,[object Object],Gods and Goddesses,[object Object], ,[object Object],A continuation of the ,[object Object],Egyptian Hieroglyphs,[object Object],Presented by Riquette Mory,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],1,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object]

Ancient Egyptian History,[object Object], ,[object Object],Some gods and goddesses took part in ,[object Object],creation, some brought the flood every ,[object Object],year, some offered protection, and some ,[object Object],took care of people after they died. Others ,[object Object],were either local gods who represented ,[object Object],towns, or minor gods who represented plants ,[object Object],or animals.,[object Object],The ancient Egyptians thought that it was ,[object Object],very important to please the gods and ,[object Object],goddesses. For that reason, worshipping ,[object Object],the deities was a large part of life in ,[object Object],ancient Egypt.,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],2,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object]

Ancient Egypt History,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],3,[object Object], Other gods and goddesses were worshipped by ,[object Object],ordinary people in their homes.,[object Object], These were the gods and goddesses like Bes and ,[object Object], Tawaret who protected people from the dangers of ,[object Object], daily life, like scorpion bites, crocodile attacks and ,[object Object], childbirth.,[object Object],Some gods and goddesses were worshipped by the pharaoh and priestIn large temples. These were the 'official' gods and goddesses of the state, like Amun, Horus and Bastet,[object Object],Some gods and goddesses were identified with particular animals.,[object Object],For example, the goddess of war, named Sekhmet was sometimes shown with the head of a lioness to show that she was ferocious.,[object Object]

Pre-dynastic and Proto-Dynastic Egypt,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],4,[object Object],Pre-dynastic Egypt refers to the period before the unification of Egypt. Proto-Dynastic refers to the period of Egyptian history with pharaohs, but before the Old Kingdom period. ,[object Object],Some evidence for this event comes from the Narmer Palette, named for the first known Egyptian king. ,[object Object],The hieroglyphic symbol on the palette for Egyptian king Narmer is a catfish.,[object Object],The culture of southern Egypt of the Pre-dynastic period is described as Nagada; that of northern Egypt as Maadi. ,[object Object],The old kingdomPeriod was the great age of pyramid building that started with Djoser's 6-step pyramid at ,[object Object],Saqqara. ,[object Object],The First Intermediate Period began when the Old Kingdom's ,[object Object],centralized monarchy grew weak as provincial rulers ,[object Object],became powerful. This period ended when a local monarch ,[object Object],from Thebes gained control of all Egypt. ,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object]

Middle Kingdom,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],5,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],In the Middle Kingdom, a feudal period of Egyptian history began.,[object Object],The 2nd Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt -- another period of de-centralization, like the first – began when ,[object Object],the 13th Dynasty pharaohs lost power. ,[object Object],New Kingdom,[object Object],The New Kingdom Period included the Amarna and the Ramessid Periods. It was the most glorious period in Egyptian history.,[object Object],The most familiar names in pharaohs ruled over Egypt, including Ramses, Tuthmose, and the heretic king Akhenaten. Military expansion, developments in art and architecture, and religious innovations marked the New Kingdom. ,[object Object]

Third Intermediate Period,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],6,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],After Ramses XI, Egypt again entered a period of divided power. First rulers from Avaris (Tanis) and Thebes .,[object Object],Late Period ,[object Object],In the Late Period, Egypt was ruled by a succession of foreigners and local kings.,[object Object],Ptolemaic Dynasty,[object Object],The large empire Alexander the Great had conquered was too big for one successor, he divided it into three,,[object Object],and three generals ruledthe region.,[object Object],Cleopatra, the only one of the Ptolemy's known to have learned the language of the subject people -- Egyptian -- was a direct descendant of the Macedonian general Ptolemy Soter and a daughter of the flute-playing Ptolemy, Ptolemy Auletes,[object Object],Roman Period,[object Object],Following the death of Cleopatra on August 12, 30 B.C., Rome, under Augustus, assumed control of Egypt.,[object Object]

The Beginning1,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],7,[object Object],At first, there was only Nun. Nun was the,[object Object],Dark Waters of chaos. And on a hill stood,[object Object],Atum, the first god. Atum coughed and,[object Object],spat out Shu, the god of the air, and,[object Object],Tefnut, the goddess of moisture.,[object Object],Shu and Tefnut had two children. First,,[object Object],There Was Geb, the god of the earth. ,[object Object],Then, there was Nut, the goddess of the,[object Object],sky.,[object Object],Shu lifted Nut up so that she became a,[object Object],Canopy Over Geb. ,[object Object],Nut and Geb had four children named,[object Object],Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys.,[object Object]

The Beginning2,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],8,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],Osiris was the king of the earth and Isis was the queen. Osiris was a good king and he ruled over the earth for many years.,[object Object],However, everything was not well. Seth was jealous of Osiris because he wanted to be the ruler of the earth. He grew angrier and angrier until one day he killed Osiris.,[object Object],Osiris went down into the under world and Seth remained on earth and became king.Osiris and Isis had one son called Horus. Horus battled against Seth and regained the throne.,[object Object],After that, Horus was the king of the earth and Osiris was the king of the underworld.,[object Object]

The Pharaoh,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],9,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],The pharaoh was the political and ,[object Object],religious leader of the Egyptian ,[object Object],people, holding the titles: 'Lord of ,[object Object],the Two Lands and 'High Priest of,[object Object],Every Temple'.,[object Object],The pharaoh represented the gods ,[object Object],on Earth. He performed rituals and ,[object Object],built temples to honor the gods.,[object Object],Many pharaohs went to war when ,[object Object],their land was threatened or when ,[object Object],they wanted to control foreign lands.,[object Object],For example:,[object Object],Ramses II has travelled from Egypt to the land called ,[object Object],Nubia for a battle. The Egyptian pharaoh wants to control ,[object Object],Nubia for two reasons. The first is that Nubia is just south ,[object Object],of Egypt and threatens Egypt's borders. The second is ,[object Object],that Nubia has exotic animals, wood, and gold.,[object Object]

The battle has started, and Ramses II drives a chariot towards his enemy. He gets ready to attack with his bow and arrow. Ramses II's two young sons follow behind in their chariots. ,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],10,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],Ramses II ,[object Object]

G O D S,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],11,[object Object],Amun,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],[object Object]

Man wearing an ostrich plumed hatAmun was one of the most powerful gods in ancient Egypt.,[object Object],At the height of Egyptian civilization he was called the 'King of the Gods'.,[object Object],when Amun was combined with the sun god Ra he was even more powerful. He was then called Amun-Ra.,[object Object],A large and important temple was built at Thebes to honor Amun.,[object Object],Anubis,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Man with a jackal head,[object Object],A jackal,[object Object],Anubis was the god of embalming and the dead.,[object Object],Since jackals were often seen in cemeteries, the ancient Egyptians believed that Anubis watched over the dead.,[object Object],Anubis was the god who helped to embalm Osiris after he was killed by Seth. Thus, Anubis was the god who watched over the process of mummifying people when they died.,[object Object],Priests often wore a mask of Anubis during mummification ceremonies.. ,[object Object]

G O D S,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],12,[object Object], ,[object Object],Aten ,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],A sun disk with rays which end in hands,[object Object],Aten was a form of the sun god Ra.,[object Object],During the reign of Akhenaten, the Aten was made the 'king' of the gods.,[object Object],Bastet,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Woman with the head of a cat,[object Object],Bastet was a protective goddess.,[object Object],However, she sometimes appeared with the head of a lioness to protect the king in battle.,[object Object],The cat was a symbol of Bastet. ,[object Object],Bastet was one of the daughters of the sungod, Ra. ,[object Object],Bes,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],[object Object]

Dwarf wearing the skin of a lionBes was the protector of pregnant women, newborn babies and the family.,[object Object],Amulets of Bes were popular at all levels of Egyptian society.,[object Object]

G O D S,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],13,[object Object],Hapy,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Man with a pot belly, shown with water plants,[object Object],Hapy was the god of the inundation.,[object Object],Hapy was especially important to the ancient Egyptians because he brought the flood every year.,[object Object],The flood deposited rich silt on the banks of the Nile, allowing the Egyptians to grow crops.,[object Object],Hathor 'House of Horus',[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Woman with the ears of a cow -,[object Object],Woman with a headdress of horns and a sun disk.,[object Object],Hathor was a protective goddess. She was also the goddess of love and joy.,[object Object],Hathor was the wife of Horus, and was sometimes thought of as the mother of the pharaoh. A large temple was built to honor Hathor at Dendera.,[object Object], ,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],[object Object]

Man with a goose on his headGeb was the god of the earth.,[object Object],Geb was the husband and brother of the sky goddess Nut. He was also the father of Osiris, Isis, Nepthys and Seth.,[object Object],When Seth and Horus fought for the throne of Egypt, Geb made Horus the ruler of the living.,[object Object],The ancient Egyptians believed that earthquakes were Geb's laughter.,[object Object], ,[object Object],Geb,[object Object]

G O D S,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],14,[object Object],Horus 'The One Far Above‘,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Man with the head of a hawk,[object Object],Horus was a god of the sky.,[object Object],He is probably most well-known as the protector of the ruler of Egypt.,[object Object],The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the 'living Horus'.,[object Object],Horus was a god of the sky.,[object Object],The ancient Egyptians had many different beliefs about the god Horus. One of the most common beliefs was that Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris.,[object Object],After Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth, Horus fought with Seth for the throne of Egypt.,[object Object],In this battle, Horus lost one of his eyes. ,[object Object],The eye was restored to him and it became a symbol of protection for the ancient Egyptians. After this battle, ,[object Object],Horus was chosen to be the ruler of the world of the living.,[object Object],One of the best-preserved temples in Egypt today was dedicated to Horus. It is located in Upper Egypt at a town called Edfu.,[object Object]

G O D S,[object Object],7.09.2009,[object Object],Ancient Egypt - Gods and Goddesses,[object Object],15,[object Object],Isis,[object Object],Isis was a protective goddess. Woman with headdress in the shape of a throne.,[object Object],A pair of cow horns with a sun disk.,[object Object],She used powerful magic spells to help people in need.,[object Object],Isiswas the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.,[object Object],Since each pharaoh was considered the 'living Horus', ,[object Object],Isis was very important.,[object Object],Isisis often shown holding Horus on her lap. Isis is associated with thrones because her lap was the first 'throne' that Horus sat .,[object Object],A temple was built to honor Isis at Philae.,[object Object],Khepri 'He Who is Coming into Being',[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Man with the head of a scarab,[object Object],A scarab beetle.,[object Object],Khepri was a god of creation, the movement of the sun, and rebirth.,[object Object],In certain creation stories, Khepri is connected with the god Atum. He is also connected to the sun god Ra who pushed the sun through the sky every day.,[object Object], ,[object Object],Nut,[object Object],Appearance:,[object Object],Woman whose body arches across the sky, wearing a dress decorated with stars.,[object Object],Nut was the sky-goddess, whose body created a vault or canopy over the earth.,[object Object],Nut was the sister/wife of Geb, the god of the earth. She was also the mother of Isis, Osiris, Nepthys and Seth.,[object Object],The ancient Egyptians believed that at the end of the day, Nut swallowed the sun-god, Ra, and gave birth to him again the next morning. ,[object Object]

Gods And Godesses A E

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