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Multi-Use Concepts as a Potential
  Solution for the Overcrowded
           Marine Realm
                          Bela H. Buck
International Marine Spatial Planning Public Symposium, Providence (RI)
Relatively small 
                                  N              PL    size of the EEZ in 
                                                       the Baltic Sea 
                                                 EST
                                             S         and in the North 
                                                 RUS   Sea.
                                   DK
                                                 LT
        GB                               D       LV
                         NL
                    B                            FIN
           F

© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
North Sea



EEZ:                                                              Baltic Sea
28,600 km2                                       Schleswig‐
                                                  Holstein

                                                        Hamburg    Mecklenburg‐
                                                                   Vorpommern
                                                Bremen                      EEZ:
                                         Lower‐Saxony                       4,500 km2


© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Priority list (with regard to UNCLOS)
                                                                   MSP at an early stages:
                                                                    (between 2001‐2006)
                                                                 High
                                                                  Safety and efficiency of shipping
                                                                   Defining the actual state of 
                                                                   National and international 
                                                                     uses
                                                                   contracts [e.g. pipelines, cables]
          Shipping &           Pipelines, Cables, Mariculture,
       Military Features            Sediment, Platforms           Protection of the marine 
                                                                    Ascertain priorities of 
                                                                   environment
                                                                  National/Alliance defence
                                                                     different uses
                                                                 Others
                                                                   Set priorities regarding 
                                                                   Resources
                                                                      national and international 
                                                                  Scientific research
     Nature Conservation            Offshore Wind Farms           Wind farming
                                                                      “dependencies”.


© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Construction of the
                                         Alpha Ventus wind
                                         farm in the EEZ 60
                                         km off the coast of
                                         Germany.


                                         5 MW class turbines:
                                         65 MWh∙day‐1∙windmill‐1
                                         8,000 €∙day‐1∙windmill‐1
                                         70% of companies SME




© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Multi-use ideas to maximize the          1. Ecology
benefit of an offshore area:                - Creating MPA‘s (nursery,
                                                sustainable fisheries…)
                                            - Set-up artificial reefs
                                         2. Tourism
                                         3. Additional energy resources
                                         4. Offshore Aquaculture
                                         5. Bio-Remediation /
                                              Bio-Extraction
                                         6. Use of fouling organisms

Image taken from Barry Costa‐Pierce


© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Meek, 1989




      © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Marine Facilities 
                                                  Ordinance

                                                  OSS‐Project forces 
                                                  wind farm operators 
                                                  to investigate in co‐
                                                  uses




© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
                                         Buck et al. (2008), Helg. Mar. Research
Mussel cultivation designs




© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012                      Buck (2007), Helg. Mar. Res.
                                         Buck et al. (2010), Aquac. Econom. Management
Seaweed cultivation

                                                          longlines
                                                          ladder
                                                          grid




© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
IMTA
                                 (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture)

                                                                           extractive species
        extractive species                              1. defense line:
                                                        filter feeders
                           wind
                                                                   seaweed               mussels
                         farm with
                            fish

               fish/                                   2. defense line:          fish/
           wind turbine                                seaweeds              wind turbine
                                          different directions
                                              bidirectional
McVey & Buck (2008), WAS




 © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Consideration of
                                                          mechanical
                                                          loads on
                                                          grounding
                                                          constructions of
                                         longline, cage   windmills by
                                         or other         aquaculture
                                         constructions    devices




© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
y


                                                                                                 N

                                                                                          NW                   NO




                                                                                    W                               O   x
                                                                                            



                                                                                          SW                   S0

                                                         S1 [N/mm²]
                                                                                                 S
                                                                      8 Windrichtungen
                                                                      8 Wellenanlaufrichtungen




                                         LC 5




                                                                                                     EF 4               EF 5   EF 6

Development of static models
Discussion of alternative
Generation of representative
(for 3-5 MWpoints ofclass)
connection turbine foundation
loads of wind energy                     LC 5            S1 [N/mm²]                                    S1 [N/mm²]




structure
installations

© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
                                                Buck et al. (2006), Ocean, Offshore, and Arctic Engineering
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
                                         Buck & Krause (2010), Springer Encyclopedia
Experimental setup


     Analysis of flow velocities/forces/qualitative scouring
     Length scale 1 : 40
     Wave parameter: 
      Medium wave
       T = 6 s, Hs = 1,5 m
      Maximum wave:
      T = 14 s, Hs = 11 m
     Variation of design
       – Cylinder
       – Sphere




    © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Mooring System
Jetty Station
Offshore Test Field




                      Koch (2007) Thesis
Key Issues:

    1. Multi-use concepts ease MSP
    2. Multi-use will have a better acceptance for both
       stakeholders and would save costs.
    3. Multi-Use concepts will have economic benefits
        • Quick procedure
        • Combined EIA
        • Shared vessels/personal
              Prof. Dr. Bela H. Buck
        • training
        • Additional biomass
              Bela.H.Buck@awi.de
        • etc.

© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012

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Bela Buck Multi-Use Concepts as a Potential Solution for the Overcrowded Marine Realm

  • 1. Multi-Use Concepts as a Potential Solution for the Overcrowded Marine Realm Bela H. Buck International Marine Spatial Planning Public Symposium, Providence (RI)
  • 2. Relatively small  N PL size of the EEZ in  the Baltic Sea  EST S and in the North  RUS Sea. DK LT GB D LV NL B FIN F © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 3. North Sea EEZ: Baltic Sea 28,600 km2 Schleswig‐ Holstein Hamburg Mecklenburg‐ Vorpommern Bremen EEZ: Lower‐Saxony 4,500 km2 © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 4. Priority list (with regard to UNCLOS) MSP at an early stages: (between 2001‐2006) High  Safety and efficiency of shipping   Defining the actual state of  National and international  uses contracts [e.g. pipelines, cables] Shipping & Pipelines, Cables, Mariculture, Military Features Sediment, Platforms  Protection of the marine   Ascertain priorities of  environment  National/Alliance defence different uses Others   Set priorities regarding  Resources national and international   Scientific research Nature Conservation Offshore Wind Farms  Wind farming “dependencies”. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 5. Construction of the Alpha Ventus wind farm in the EEZ 60 km off the coast of Germany. 5 MW class turbines: 65 MWh∙day‐1∙windmill‐1 8,000 €∙day‐1∙windmill‐1 70% of companies SME © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 6. Multi-use ideas to maximize the 1. Ecology benefit of an offshore area: - Creating MPA‘s (nursery, sustainable fisheries…) - Set-up artificial reefs 2. Tourism 3. Additional energy resources 4. Offshore Aquaculture 5. Bio-Remediation / Bio-Extraction 6. Use of fouling organisms Image taken from Barry Costa‐Pierce © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 7. Meek, 1989 © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 8. Marine Facilities  Ordinance OSS‐Project forces  wind farm operators  to investigate in co‐ uses © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012 Buck et al. (2008), Helg. Mar. Research
  • 9. Mussel cultivation designs © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012 Buck (2007), Helg. Mar. Res. Buck et al. (2010), Aquac. Econom. Management
  • 10. Seaweed cultivation  longlines  ladder  grid © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 11. IMTA (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture) extractive species extractive species 1. defense line: filter feeders wind seaweed mussels farm with fish fish/ 2. defense line: fish/ wind turbine seaweeds wind turbine different directions bidirectional McVey & Buck (2008), WAS © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 12. Consideration of mechanical loads on grounding constructions of longline, cage windmills by or other aquaculture constructions devices © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 13. y N NW NO W O x  SW S0 S1 [N/mm²] S 8 Windrichtungen 8 Wellenanlaufrichtungen LC 5 EF 4 EF 5 EF 6 Development of static models Discussion of alternative Generation of representative (for 3-5 MWpoints ofclass) connection turbine foundation loads of wind energy LC 5 S1 [N/mm²] S1 [N/mm²] structure installations © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012 Buck et al. (2006), Ocean, Offshore, and Arctic Engineering
  • 14. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012 Buck & Krause (2010), Springer Encyclopedia
  • 15. Experimental setup  Analysis of flow velocities/forces/qualitative scouring  Length scale 1 : 40  Wave parameter:  Medium wave T = 6 s, Hs = 1,5 m Maximum wave: T = 14 s, Hs = 11 m  Variation of design – Cylinder – Sphere © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 16. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
  • 18. Key Issues: 1. Multi-use concepts ease MSP 2. Multi-use will have a better acceptance for both stakeholders and would save costs. 3. Multi-Use concepts will have economic benefits • Quick procedure • Combined EIA • Shared vessels/personal Prof. Dr. Bela H. Buck • training • Additional biomass Bela.H.Buck@awi.de • etc. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012