ROJoson PEP Talk: PATIENT SAFETY AWARENESS

1. Patient Safety
Awareness
April 15, 2023
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.

2. Patient Safety
Awareness
April 15, 2023
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
Welcome all!
MUTE yourself but always
show your video picture.
Sign in your name, FB
account, or email address in
the Chat Box! Include names
of companions attending.
Use the Chat Box to ask
questions and make
comments while the PEP TALK
is on.
Group pictures at start and
end of PEP TALK – show your
face in video.

3. Reminder after the PEP
Talk:
Take the Online Learning
cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
mastery of learning and
have a perfect score to get
a Certificate.
Link is in Chat Box.

4. Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation

5. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
ROJOSON’S REQUEST:
FEEDBACK TO THIS
PEP TALK!
Pls. type in your
feedback in the chat
box during the open
forum and before we
adjourn!
Thank you!

6. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
TAKING BEFORE WE
START PEP TALK
PROPER IN 2
MINUTES!
Pls. turn on your
video!
Show your face!

8. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
ROJoson PEP Talk
I have a Patient
Empowerment
Program in which I
like to empower the
lay people or
patients to take
control in the
management of
their health.

9. I started the PEP Talk
on May 15, 2021.
There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.

10. From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer depending on
our enthusiasm and
perseverance.

11. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
My PEP TALK today is
entitled:
Patient Safety
Awareness
In consonance with
Patient Safety
Awareness Week
(March)
and World Patient
Safety Day
(September)

12. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
World Patient
Safety Day 2023 will
be observed on 17
September under the
theme "ENGAGING
PATIENTS FOR
PATIENT SAFETY", in
recognition of the
crucial role patients,
families and
caregivers play in the
safety of health care.
"ENGAGING PATIENTS
FOR PATIENT SAFETY"

13. Contents
• What is Patient Safety?
• Why Patient Safety Initiative from healthcare institutions?
• What are the more common Patient Safety concerns in the
world from the perspective of the healthcare institutions?
• What are the roles of patients in promoting Patient Safety?
• What strategies are needed for Patient Safety in healthcare
institutions and among patients?
• What is ROJOSON PATIENT EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM on
PATIENT SAFETY?
• What are the International Patient Safety Goals?
• How can a patient help in achieving Patient Safety Goals?
Patient Safety
Awareness

14. What is Patient Safety?
The simplest definition of patient safety is the
prevention of errors and adverse effects to
patients associated with health care.
While health care has become more effective it
has also become more complex, with greater use
of new technologies, medicines and treatments
and with more processes and manpower
involved.
Patient Safety
Awareness
Nothing is perfect all
the time.
To err is human.
Expecting flawless
performance from
human beings
working in complex,
environments is
unrealistic.
There will be flaws.
These just have to be
controlled.

15. What is Patient Safety?
Patient Safety is a health care discipline that
emerged with the evolving complexity in health
care systems and the resulting rise of patient
harm in health care facilities.
It aims to prevent and reduce risks, errors and
harm that occur to patients during provision of
health care.
A cornerstone of the discipline is continuous
improvement based on learning from errors and
adverse events.
Patient Safety
Awareness

16. Why Patient Safety Initiative from Healthcare
Institutions?
Patient safety is fundamental to delivering
quality essential health services.
Indeed, there is a clear consensus that quality
health services across the world should be
effective, safe and people- or patient-centred.
In addition, to realize the benefits of quality
health care, health services must be timely,
equitable, integrated and efficient.
Patient Safety
Awareness
Quality health
services parameters:
• Effective
• Safe
• Patient-centered
• Timely
• Equitable
• Integrated
• Efficient

17. Why Patient Safety Initiative from Healthcare
Institutions?
Some WHO statistics:
• Globally, at least 5 patients die every minute because of
unsafe care.
• around 1 in 10 hospitalized patients experience harm,
with at least 50% being preventable.
• Four out of every ten patients are harmed during
primary and ambulatory health care.
• Unsafe surgical care procedures cause complications in
up to 25% of patients.
• Medication errors cause at least one death every day.
Patient Safety
Awareness
Quality health
services parameters:
• Effective
• Safe
• Patient-centered
• Timely
• Equitable
• Integrated
• Efficient
The most detrimental errors are related to
diagnosis, prescription and the use of medicines.

18. Why Patient Safety Initiative from Healthcare
Institutions?
Philippine Statistics – NO hard statistics
USA: 10%–12% of patients experience harm
while hospitalized, with approximately half of
these events being considered preventable.
• PATIENT HARMS DO OCCUR IN HEALTHCARE
INSTITUTIONS EVERYWHERE!
• THERE IS A NEED TO CONTROL THEM!
• PATIENT SAFETY INITIATIVE IS NEEDED!
Patient Safety
Awareness
Quality health
services parameters:
• Effective
• Safe
• Patient-centered
• Timely
• Equitable
• Integrated
• Efficient

19. What are the more common Patient Safety
concerns in the world from the perspective of
the healthcare institutions?
• Medication errors
• Health care-associated infections
• Unsafe surgical care procedures
• Unsafe injections practices
• Diagnostic errors
• Unsafe transfusion practices
• Radiation errors
• Sepsis
• Venous thromboembolism (blood clots)
• Others
Patient Safety
Awareness
Note:
Patient Safety is a
discipline primarily
being advocated in
healthcare
institutions for
patients under their
care (to actively
prevent and reduce
errors and adverse
events).
However ……….

20. What are the more common Patient Safety
concerns in the world from the perspective of
the healthcare institutions?
• Medication errors
• Health care-associated infections
• Unsafe surgical care procedures
• Unsafe injections practices
• Diagnostic errors
• Unsafe transfusion practices
• Radiation errors
• Sepsis
• Venous thromboembolism (blood clots)
• Others
Patient Safety
Awareness
Note:
Patient Safety is a
discipline primarily
being advocated in
healthcare
institutions for
patients under their
care (to actively
prevent and reduce
errors and adverse
events).
However ….
However ……….
Patient Safety discipline can be
extended to or advocated by
patients themselves in preventing
and reducing errors and adverse
events during self-management.
Patients can and should also
assist healthcare institutions in
promoting Patient Safety.

21. What are the more common Patient Safety
concerns in the world from the perspective of
the healthcare institutions?
• Medication errors
• Health care-associated infections
• Unsafe surgical care procedures
• Unsafe injections practices
• Diagnostic errors
• Unsafe transfusion practices
• Radiation errors
• Sepsis
• Venous thromboembolism (blood clots)
• Others
Patient Safety
Awareness
Note:
Patient Safety is a
discipline primarily
being advocated in
healthcare
institutions for
patients under their
care (to actively
prevent and reduce
errors and adverse
events).
However ….
However ……….
Patient Safety discipline can
be extended to or advocated
by patients themselves in
preventing and reducing
errors and adverse events
during self-management.
Patients can and should also
assist healthcare institutions
in promoting Patient Safety.
World Patient
Safety Day 2023 will
be observed on 17
September under the
theme "ENGAGING
PATIENTS FOR
PATIENT SAFETY", in
recognition of the
crucial role patients,
families and
caregivers play in the
safety of health care.
"ENGAGING PATIENTS
FOR PATIENT SAFETY"

22. "ENGAGING PATIENTS FOR PATIENT SAFETY"
Patient engagement is the involvement of
patients, families, and caregivers in improving
health care and health care safety.
Patient Safety
Awareness

23. "ENGAGING PATIENTS FOR PATIENT SAFETY"
Examples of patients’ being engaged in the safety of their
own care include monitoring and self-administration of
medications, alerting care teams to concerning symptoms,
and reporting adverse events.
Patients and caregivers can identify disruptions during care
transitions and alert care providers to events leading to
preventable harm that might otherwise go unrecognized.
Patients and caregivers can also participate in hospital
safety initiatives or advisory councils as a means of
engaging at the level of the health care organization.
Patient Safety
Awareness

24. "ENGAGING PATIENTS FOR PATIENT SAFETY"
Efforts to engage patients in safety efforts have
focused on three areas:
• enlisting patients in detecting adverse events
• empowering patients to ensure safe care
• emphasizing patient involvement as a means
of improving the culture of safety
Patient Safety
Awareness

25. What strategies are needed for Patient Safety?
To ensure successful implementation of patient
safety strategies, in healthcare institutions,
• clear policies
• leadership capacity
• data to drive safety improvements
• skilled health care professionals
• effective involvement of patients in their care
are all needed.
Patient Safety
Awareness

26. What strategies are needed for Patient Safety?
To ensure successful implementation of patient
safety strategies, in healthcare institutions,
A CULTURE OF SAFETY is needed.
Patient Safety
Awareness

27. What strategies are needed for Patient Safety?
A CULTURE OF SAFETY is needed.
Key features:
•acknowledgment of the high-risk nature of an organization's activities
and the determination to achieve consistently safe operations
•a blame-free environment where individuals are able to report errors
or near misses without fear of reprimand or punishment
•encouragement of collaboration across ranks and disciplines to seek
solutions to patient safety problems
•organizational commitment of resources to address safety concerns
Patient Safety
Awareness

28. What strategies are needed for Patient Safety?
To ensure successful implementation of patient
safety strategies, among patients,
4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-determination)
of PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
are all needed.
Patient Safety
Awareness

29. ROJOSON PATIENT EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM
on PATIENT SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY in health
management.
Patient Safety
Awareness

30. What are the 5 ultimate elements, outcomes or
final measures of MEDICAL HARMS in PATIENT
SAFETY?
• ERRORS
• ADVERSE EVENTS
• INFECTIONS
• INJURIES
• MORTALITY (DEATH)
Preventable actions or activities but not
prevented causing MEDICAL HARMS (the 5
outcomes above) >>>> PATIENT MEDICAL HARMS
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

31. - the failure of a planned action to be completed
as intended (an error of execution) or the use of
a wrong plan to achieve an aim (an error of
planning) (Reason, 1990).
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

32. Medical errors typically include
• Surgical
• Diagnostic
• Medication
• Devices and equipment
• Systems failures
• Infections
• Falls
• Healthcare technology
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

33. Samples of common medical errors:
adverse drug events and improper transfusions,
misdiagnosis, under and over treatment, surgical
injuries and wrong-site surgery, suicides,
restraint-related injuries or death, falls, burns,
pressure ulcers, and mistaken patient identities.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

34. Top most common medical errors:
• Misdiagnosis
• Delayed diagnosis
• Medication error
• Infection
• Harmful medical devices
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

35. How can medical errors be prevented?
The best way you can help to prevent errors is
to be an active member of your health care
team.
That means taking part in every decision about
your health care. Research shows that patients
who are more involved with their care tend to
get better results.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

37. Adverse Event - An event in which care resulted
in an undesirable clinical outcome-an outcome
not caused by underlying disease-that prolonged
the patient stay, caused permanent patient
harm, required life-saving intervention, or
contributed to death.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

38. Adverse Event- a preventable or accidental injury
or illness caused by medical management, which
requires additional monitoring, treatment,
hospitalization, or that results in death. Medical
management includes diagnosis and treatment,
failure to diagnose or treat, and the systems and
equipment used to deliver care (Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality).
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

39. Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
2 Types of ADVERSE EVENTS
ADVERSE EVENTS

40. “adverse events”, “adverse drug event” “adverse
drug reactions”
Adverse events refer to harm from medical care
rather than to an underlying disease or to a
reaction to treatment which is anticipated and
managed properly.
Adverse Drug Event (ADE) is harm caused by appropriate or
inappropriate use of a drug.
Adverse drug reactions are a subset of these events, where
harm is directly caused by a drug under appropriate use
(i.e. at normal doses).
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

41. Adverse events refer to harm from medical care
rather than an underlying disease.
• Preventable adverse events: those that occurred due to
error or failure to apply an accepted strategy for
prevention.
• Ameliorable adverse events: events that, while not
preventable, could have been less harmful if care had
been different;
• Adverse events due to negligence: those that occurred
due to care that falls below the standards expected of
clinicians in the community.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

42. Adverse Event- a preventable or accidental injury
or illness caused by medical management, which
requires additional monitoring, treatment,
hospitalization, or that results in death.
Sentinel Events - most serious adverse events
which cause permanent harm, severe or
temporary serious injury, or death (WHO, 2009).
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

44. Error: a broader term referring to any act of
commission (doing something wrong) or
omission (failing to do the right thing) that
exposes patients to a potentially hazardous
situation.
• May lead to near misses (close calls)
• May lead to adverse events (actual harm)
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

45. Near miss: an unsafe situation in which a patient
is exposed to a hazardous situation, but does not
experience harm either through luck or early
detection.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

46. In a near miss, an error was committed, but the
patient did not experience clinical harm, either
through early detection or sheer luck.
For example, consider a patient who is admitted to the
hospital and placed in a shared room. A nurse comes to
administer his medications, but inadvertently gives his pills
to the other patient in the room. The other patient
recognizes that these are not his medications, does not
take them, and alerts the nurse so that the medications
can be given to the correct patient. This situation involved
a high potential for harm, as a cognitively impaired or less
aware patient may have taken the incorrect medications.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

48. What are the 5 ultimate elements, outcomes or
final measures of MEDICAL HARMS in PATIENT
SAFETY?
• ERRORS
• ADVERSE EVENTS
• INFECTIONS [NO preventable measures in high
risk patients]
• INJURIES [NO preventable measures to avoid]
• MORTALITY (DEATH) [NO preventable
measures to avoid]
Preventable actions or activities but not prevented causing
MEDICAL HARMS (the 5 outcomes above) >>>> PATIENT
MEDICAL HARMS
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

49. What are the International Patient Safety Goals?
• Even with the best of healthcare and quality
systems in place, adverse events can still
occur.
• There are so many types and causes of
adverse events. One may not be able to
prevent all of them. One has to prioritize.
• Strategy is to focus on the most frequent –
most detrimental adverse events.
• Thus, INTERNATIONAL PATIENT SAFETY
GOALS!
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

50. What are the International Patient Safety Goals?
Goal One: Identify patients correctly.
Goal Two: Improve effective communication.
Goal Three: Improve the safety of high-alert
medications.
Goal Four: Ensure safe surgery.
Goal Five: Reduce the risk of health care-
associated infections.
Goal Six: Reduce the risk of patient harm
resulting from falls.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

51. Goal One: Identify patients correctly.
Wrong patient errors are common. Therefore,
the purpose of this IPSG is to reliably identify the
individual as the person for whom the service or
treatment is intended and to match the service
or treatment to that individual.
The recommendation: using at least two
identifiers to identify patients such as name or
date of birth (DOB). Identifiers such as room
number or location should not be used.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

52. Goal One: Identify patients correctly.
Wrong patient errors are common. Therefore,
the purpose of this IPSG is to reliably identify the
individual as the person for whom the service or
treatment is intended and to match the service
or treatment to that individual.
The recommendation: using at least two
identifiers to identify patients such as name or
date of birth (DOB). Identifiers such as room
number or location should not be used.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
How can you help in the prevention of
this error?
Ask the question: Is this really for me?
Identify yourself.
“This” includes all medicines, surgical
procedures, diagnostic tests, blood
transfusions; etc.

53. Goal Two: Improve effective communication.
This IPSG highlights the importance of effective
communication when verbally communicating
patient care orders, reporting critical diagnostic
results and during handovers of patient care.
Ensuring that patient data is communicated
accurately and understood by the recipient is
critical to reduce errors and improve patient
safety.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

54. Goal Two: Improve effective communication.
To support this, it is recommended that verbal
and telephone orders should be written down
when received and read back to the individual
providing the information. The hospital should
have a consistent and complete handover
process for transitions within the hospital.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

55. Goal Two: Improve effective communication.
To support this, it is recommended that verbal
and telephone orders should be written down
when received and read back to the individual
providing the information. The hospital should
have a consistent and complete handover
process for transitions within the hospital.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
How can you help in the prevention of errors
arising from ineffective communication and
lack of coordination?
Ask the questions:
• Is this what my attending physician has
ordered? (Rely on your main physician.)
• In case there is multidisciplinary
consultations, has my attending physician
approved the recommendations of the
other referred specialists?

56. Goal Three: Improve the safety of high-alert
medications.
The objective of this IPSG is to improve patient
safety whilst administering High Alert
Medications (HAMs). All medications can be
dangerous when used inappropriately, but HAMs
have the potential to cause harm that is likely to
be more serious when they are given in error.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

57. Goal Three: Improve the safety of high-alert
medications.
To support the reduction of medication related
patient safety incidents, hospitals should
maintain a list of what they consider HAMs and
make sure relevant clinical staff know what is on
the list. The hospital also needs to have a process
in place to minimise confusion around Look-
alike/sound-alike (LASA) medications.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

58. Goal Three: Improve the safety of high-alert
medications.
To support the reduction of medication related
patient safety incidents, hospitals should
maintain a list of what they consider HAMs and
make sure relevant clinical staff know what is on
the list. The hospital also needs to have a process
in place to minimise confusion around Look-
alike/sound-alike (LASA) medications.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
How can you help in the prevention of this
kind of error?
Ask the questions:
• May I know the name of the medicines
that you will administer to me?
• Is this the one prescribed by my
physicians?

59. Goal Four: Ensure safe surgery.
Significant patient injury and adverse events can
result from wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and
wrong-patient surgery. These events can occur
from ineffective communication, lack of
processes and lack of patient involvement in the
site marking. This is an ongoing concern for
hospitals. To help minimise these adverse events
from occurring, hospitals should use multiple
strategies when identifying the correct patient,
correct procedure, and correct site.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

60. Goal Four: Ensure safe surgery.
Significant patient injury and adverse events can
result from wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and
wrong-patient surgery. These events can occur
from ineffective communication, lack of
processes and lack of patient involvement in the
site marking. This is an ongoing concern for
hospitals. To help minimise these adverse events
from occurring, hospitals should use multiple
strategies when identifying the correct patient,
correct procedure, and correct site.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
How can you help in the prevention of this kind
of error?
Ask the questions:
• Can I at least see first my surgeon who will
operate on me before I am put to sleep?
• Can I remind you that the operation to be
done on me will be on this particular side or
site? Will be this procedure?

61. Goal Five: Reduce the risk of health care-
associated infections.
Effective infection prevention and control
practices are critical to reducing the spread of
health care–associated infections. The focus of
this IPSG is on hand hygiene and requires the
hospital to adopt and implement an evidence-
based hand-hygiene guideline throughout the
hospital to reduce risk of health care-associated
infections.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

62. Goal Five: Reduce the risk of health care-
associated infections.
Effective infection prevention and control
practices are critical to reducing the spread of
health care–associated infections. The focus of
this IPSG is on hand hygiene and requires the
hospital to adopt and implement an evidence-
based hand-hygiene guideline throughout the
hospital to reduce risk of health care-associated
infections.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
How can you help in the prevention of this kind
of error?
Ask the questions:
• Have you washed your hands before touching
me?
• Aren’t you going to use sterile gloves to
examine me?

63. Goal Six: Reduce the risk of patient harm
resulting from falls.
Falls are the cause of lots of injuries to patients
and can occur in both inpatient and outpatient
settings. There are multifactorial reasons as to
why people are risk of falls, for example
healthcare setting, patient history, medications,
visual impairments etc. Hospitals should have a
process for assessing and reassessing patients for
falls risk and implement measures to reduce falls
risks for patients.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.

64. Goal Six: Reduce the risk of patient harm
resulting from falls.
Falls are the cause of lots of injuries to patients
and can occur in both inpatient and outpatient
settings. There are multifactorial reasons as to
why people are risk of falls, for example
healthcare setting, patient history, medications,
visual impairments etc. Hospitals should have a
process for assessing and reassessing patients for
falls risk and implement measures to reduce falls
risks for patients.
Patient Safety
Awareness
PATIENT EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM on PATIENT
SAFETY
Using the 4 Ks –
• KAALAMAN (knowledge
and understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-
determination)
To promote PATIENT SAFETY
in health management.
How can you help in the prevention of this kind
of error?
• Be wary of all conditions in the hospital that
will make a patient at risk of fall.
• Ask for advice on how to avoid fall in the
hospital.

65. Contents
• What is Patient Safety?
• Why Patient Safety Initiative from healthcare institutions?
• What are the more common Patient Safety concerns in the
world from the perspective of the healthcare institutions?
• What are the roles of patients in promoting Patient Safety?
• What strategies are needed for Patient Safety in healthcare
institutions and among patients?
• What is ROJOSON PATIENT EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM on
PATIENT SAFETY?
• What are the International Patient Safety Goals?
• How can a patient help in achieving Patient Safety Goals?
Patient Safety
Awareness
Summary
Take Away

66. Patient Safety
Awareness
Take Away in
relation to
Patient
Empowerment
Be always in touch with reliable medical
information on PATIENT SAFETY.
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
PATIENT SAFETY in one’s health
management.

67. What are the more common Patient Safety
concerns in the world from the perspective of
the healthcare institutions?
• Medication errors
• Health care-associated infections
• Unsafe surgical care procedures
• Unsafe injections practices
• Diagnostic errors
• Unsafe transfusion practices
• Radiation errors
• Sepsis
• Venous thromboembolism (blood clots)
• Others
Patient Safety
Awareness
Note:
Patient Safety is a
discipline primarily
being advocated in
healthcare
institutions for
patients under their
care (to actively
prevent and reduce
errors and adverse
events).
However ….
However ……….
Patient Safety discipline can
be extended to or advocated
by patients themselves in
preventing and reducing
errors and adverse events
during self-management.
Patients can and should also
assist healthcare institutions
in promoting Patient Safety.
World Patient
Safety Day 2023 will
be observed on 17
September under the
theme "ENGAGING
PATIENTS FOR
PATIENT SAFETY", in
recognition of the
crucial role patients,
families and
caregivers play in the
safety of health care.
"ENGAGING PATIENTS
FOR PATIENT SAFETY"

68. Reminder after the PEP
Talk:
Take the Online Learning
cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
mastery of learning and
have a perfect score to get
a Certificate.
Link is in Chat Box.

69. Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation

70. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
ROJOSON’S REQUEST:
FEEDBACK TO THIS
PEP TALK!
Pls. type in your
feedback in the chat
box during the open
forum and before we
adjourn!
Thank you!

71. Patient Safety
Awareness
Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have a
basic understanding
of PATIENT SAFETY in
their health
management.
LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
TAKING BEFORE WE
START Q&A AND
INTERACTIONS!
Pls. turn on your
video!
Show your face!