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The Beginnings of CALL and the CALL-IS Personal Reflections on Major Paradigm Shifts in CALL Use Roger Kenner TESOL 2009 - Denver

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Stage 1: Main-Frame Computers <ul><li>What did CALL look like? </li></ul><ul><li>1979 </li></ul><ul><li>Computer Terminal connected to main-frame computer </li></ul><ul><li>300 baud modem gives way to (modern) 1200 baud Gandalf box </li></ul>

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Stage 1: Or it might have looked like this? All of our software also ran on teletypes

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Stage 1: What did the software look like? <ul><li>Letters crawl across the screen </li></ul><ul><li>Lines scroll up form the bottom, vanish at the top. </li></ul>

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Stage 1: Primitive? <ul><li>Maybe so </li></ul><ul><li>But running major authoring systems like Dasher </li></ul>

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Stage 1: We kept copious records <ul><li>All wrong answers </li></ul><ul><li>All events </li></ul><ul><li>All scores </li></ul><ul><li>Analysis by Question Item </li></ul>

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Stage 1: Assisting Instructors <ul><li>Protocol for focussing their efforts </li></ul><ul><li>Gathering their data </li></ul><ul><li>Programming it for them </li></ul>

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Stage 1: Main-Frame Computers <ul><li>David Sanders, TESOL 92 </li></ul><ul><li>Invitation to host colloquium at TESOL 93 </li></ul><ul><li>1980-1987 </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Thousands of students </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Other, more famous systems of this genre </li></ul><ul><ul><li>PLATO </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>TICCIT </li></ul></ul>

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Stage 2: Microcomputer Revolution <ul><li>Took the field by storm </li></ul><ul><li>Accessible to everyone </li></ul><ul><li>Cottage industry </li></ul><ul><li>Anyone could do it </li></ul><ul><ul><li>for better or worse </li></ul></ul>Intecolor 80 Computer: 32K RAM Clef series software <ul><li>Advent of colour </li></ul><ul><li>Primitive graphics </li></ul>

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Stage 2: Microcomputers <ul><li>Early Conference Presentations </li></ul><ul><li>or Revival Meetings? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Got a computer last summer, look what I’ve done! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Immediate feedback! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Individualized instruction! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Gathering converts </li></ul></ul><ul><li>TESOL 93 – Practitioners talking to each other! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>A buzz in the ‘computer hall’ </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The first books on CALL </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>CALICO founded </li></ul></ul>

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Stage 3: Microcomputers Grow Up <ul><li>Hard drives </li></ul><ul><li>3.5”, 720K -> 1.44mb floppy disks </li></ul><ul><li>MS-DOS 3.0 -> 6.0 </li></ul>IBM-PC Macintosh (Image from Wikipedia) <ul><li>Revolutionary operating system </li></ul><ul><li>High quality graphics </li></ul>

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Stage 3: Microcomputers Grow Up Adventure Game Generator (Roger Kenner) HyperCard (Image from Web source)

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Stage 3: Microcomputers Grow Up WordStar (Wikipedia) Lotus 1-2-3 (Wikipedia)

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Stage 3: Interactive Videodisk

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Stage 4: CD-ROM Rosetta Stone (Personal Collection) Rosetta Stone (Web Source)

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Stage 5: Windows Windows 3.11 (Wikipedia)

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Stage 6: The Web WebCT Early Yahoo on Mosaic

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Stage 6: CD-ROM -> The Web IMDb 1994 – Present (2009 View) Cinemania 1992-1997 (personal collection)

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Stage 7: Web2 and Beyond Roger Kenner March, 2009