1. Daniela Druhora
Daniela Druhora
The Americas In the 19TH Centuary
th
The Americas in the 19 Century
Summary:
The 19th Century Americas where shaped by mans dream for
equality, as we see in Abraham Lincolns Emancipation
Proclamation. By the westward expansion, and migration in
search for gold. By the dead crops due to the little ice age
that pushed the men to travel through the Americas for better
plantation. There was economic growth in cotton trade with
Britain and France with the Southerners of the America’s.
However that was sacrificed for the Unions desire to free the
slaves.

2. The Americas in the 19th Century
• The gold discovered in California caused mass migration to the Americas.
• Due to the migration, conflicts in a diverse culture of people increased and
cultural cohesion became of the utmost importance
• The Westward expansion caused many wars with the indigenous people
such as the Sioux who were forced out of their homelands “Trail of Tears”
and battles such as Little Big Horn, and Wounded knee shaped the begins
of colonies
• Cotton became the “cash crops” due to the fact that over 2 million slaves
worked in the fields, and southerners had a sense of self sufficiency. The
northern states however fought for agricultural system of Free Labor

3. The Americas in the 19th Century
• The growth of slavery created division among the American regions and
was the main cause for the American civil war, as long with the Union, and
the federal government authority at question.
• The emancipation proclamation given by Abraham Lincoln created radical
change in the Americas and formed a political, economical, and social
unity in the states due to the banishment of slavery, and the constitution
that was put in practice for equality for all men.
• Canada due to its strong bonds with Britain and fear of the westward
expansion reached its independence without war. The British Canadian
and the French Canadian found unity, and Canadian pride due to the
expansion and the Dominion provided by John A. Macdonald.
• Latin America formed its independence by taking the America’s example,
and although through troubling efforts and even terrorizing efforts
brought upon Juan Manuel de Rosas who exploited the disgruntlement of
the masses, the La Reforma created political and economic stability and
unity.

4. The Little Ice Age
The Little Ice Age
•The little ice age occurred in history throughout 14th-19th century
and its effects on the Americas as well as world wide were
devastating.
•The bubonic plague, disease, and famine were common fears of
the 19th century all due to the ice age.
•Trade worsened with the grave winter weathers, and crippled the
economy.
•The greatest advantage for the Americas during this period of the
little ice age was that due to the weather it aided migration, and
the westward expansion into the Americas.

5. Frontiers of Americas
• The Louisiana Purchase was granted by Napoleon to the US lands for expansion and growth.
It is considered one of Thomas Jefferson’s greatest achievements, and one the biggest real
estate deals in history. There was much opposition in the Senate against the Louisiana
Purchase. Because the land was riddled with swamps and was separated from the 13
Colonies by the Mississippi river, and was viewed as unconstitutional. These factors lead to
the deal taking place were the court intrigues of the Spanish grown, napoleon's ego,
unexpected ice storms, and the fate of the small Caribbean island Haiti.
• With the colonization of the Americas many Indian tribes were forced into American school
and lost their history. This was regained however through Maximilian who won the trust and
companionship of hundreds of Indians from numerous tribes, while Bodmer, who was very
inexperienced before the boat ride on the Homer developed into a master painter in
portraits and landscape, and captured the history through painting. His painting captured five
of the southern Indian tribes who were driven out of their land by President Jackson's
resettlement policies. In their travels they depict prestigious tribes such as the Black Feet,
who started trading with the American Fur Company, and many of the tribes crippled by
smallpox in Northern Missouri.

6. Frontiers of Americas
• Carlota Lucia de Brito was a young woman who together with her lover
supported the Liberal party in a small town in the northeastern state of
Pernambuco, Brazil. In 1848 a feud erupted between Liberals and
Conservatives, during which Carlota ordered the assassination of a
Conservative enemy. The crime was traced back to her she was condemned to
life imprisonment for her role in the crime.Carlota's story demonstrates not
only that patron-client networks protected women but also that they
sometimes allowed women to act independently, this showing an example of
how complex was the practice of politics in mid-century Brazil.
• Furthermore Carlota's case points to her being a strong, unusual woman, who
shared the same struggles that numerous other Brazilian women shared at
the time, due largely to the fact that politics in nineteenth-century Brazil
revolved around family, and due to her gender. After struggling for years to
move upward in a political system which obligated women to be fully
dependent on men with influence, Carlota’s strong and independent ways
helped her earn her freedom, allowing her to die a free, very old woman in
Recife, the capital of the state Pernambuco.

7. Crossroads of Freedom
Antietam
•Antietam was the
•The battle of Antietam
turning point of the
is one of histories
American Civil war
‘bloodiest battles’ with
among the Northerners
more then 25,000
and the Southerners.
casualties found along
•This battle is of the
the Antietam creek in
utmost importance in
Maryland. More men
American history
died at Antietam then
because it broke the
all of the American
lines of division through
battles of the 19th
equality under
century combined.
Abraham Lincolns
•General Robert Lee
emancipation of
represented the
proclamation and the
confederacy, and by
Union.
George McClellan the
• Northerners fought for
Union. These two
free labor, while
generals had complete
southerners viewed
opposite styles in
themselves as self
military tactics and
sufficient and the ‘king
shaped the course of
of cotton’ these motives
the civil war.
started the war.

8. Crossroads of Freedom
Antietam
•Before the Antietam, a few things began to put pressure on both the north and
south Americans. The effects breached Britain and France.
•The „cotton famine” was the result of the Northerners/Union blockade to
Southerners cotton embargo trade with France and Britain. Britain received
4/5ths of their cotton from the Americas in the south.
•The southerners expected intervention from the British but Europeans were also
anti-slavery, and it was slaves that where cause of mass cotton production and
economic growth. However the paradox is that the Europeans still rooted for the
Southerners Independence. Northerners had control of the seaboard and internal
rivers of export. It is said that Confederates in the lower Mississippi river burned
their cotton, so that it would not fall into the hands of the Yankees.
•Intervention from Britain was also unresponsive due to the fact that news
traveled to their shores more then a week later on updated events on the war.

9. Crossroads of Freedom
•Escaping slaves from the South realized the war
effort and joined the Union armies to fight for their
freedom, and for what the Union stood for, which
was free-labor.
•This aided the Northern troops growth, and
General McClellan in the war effort and battle of
Antietam.
•The slave escapees were coined “Contraband of
War” by Benjamin Butler
•In a time of resting after battle, corporal Barton w. Mitchell, found
within the battlefield grasses an envelope which a paper wrapped
around three cigars.
•The paper to his astonishment contained army orders given by
General Robert E. Lee. of the confederacy, in regards to his North
Virginia army.
•This open door into the southerners route was presented to
McClellan to act upon quickly and he was sure he would get the
rebels by surprise and smoke them out!
•Unfortunately, he took his time, and his precautious military tactics
costed the men their lives, and his plan went into smokes!

10. Crossroads of Freedom
•Antietam was the highlight of McClellans service to the Union, but was also the
cause of his termination.
•McClellan and his devoted Potomac Army did succeed at over taking the
aggressive North Virgin armies, but he stopped going after them when the long
bloody battle had ended, and while he still had the upper hand. The outcome was
that the war continued for over two more years, because of his meticulous war
planning, and stalling battle.
• Gen.McClellan
•Abraham Lincoln requested food, shoes,
urged, McClellan and more men. More
to move forward men were sent and
in battle. provision but still he did
McClellan not make an effort to
developed a chase the enemy down
Napoleonic style after Antietam.
and suspicion
•Nonetheless his efforts
against his
sparked the
decision making
Emancipation
ended his army
Proclamation which
days.
changed the Americas
forever.