1. Lesson 7.4
Joints – the place where bones
join or articulate.

2. Lesson 7.4 Joints
Three categories based on ability to
move:
1.immovable – little to no movment in
joint ex. Sutures
2. slightly movable – some movement
in joint ex. Vertebrae
3. freely movable or synovial joint – of
3 has most movement ex.
Limbs, jaw

4. Parts of a synovial joint:
1.Articular cartilage - covers
the ends of the bones
2. Synovial fluid – lubricates
the joint

5. Parts of a synovial (freely movable) joint:
1. Articular cartilage
2. Synovial fluid
3.Ligaments – hold bones
together creating the joint
capsule
4. Joint capsule – surrounds
the joint
5. Synovial membrane –
produces the synovial fluid

7. Types of synovial joints
1. hinge joints
• ex. elbow
• like a door
hinge it swings
only one way

8. Types of synovial joints
1. hinge joints
2. Gliding joints
• Ex. Carpals
• one bone slides across
another bone

9. Types of synovial joints
1. Hinge joints
2. Gliding joints
3. Ball and socket joints
• Ex. hip
• greatest range of motion
• round head of one bone fits in
the hollow socket of another

10. Types of synovial joints
1. Hinge joints
2. Gliding joints
3. Ball and socket joints
4. Pivot joints
• ex. C1-C2 the atlas and axis
vertebrae
• allows only rotation

11. Types of synovial joints
1. Hinge joints
2. Gliding joints
3. Ball and socket joints
4. Pivot joints
5. Saddle joints
• Found only in the hands
• ex. Thumb metacarpal to carpal
• Saddle portion of one bone nestles
into saddle portion of other

12. Types of synovial joints
1. Hinge joints
2. Gliding joints
3. Ball and socket joints
4. Pivot joints
5. Saddle joints
6. Ellipsoid joints
• joints between metacarpals
and phalanges
• move up/down and left/right
•one bone bulges and fits into
indention of other bone

14. Joint Problems
1. Disease – mainly arthritis
2 types of arthritis
A. osteoarthritis
 most common joint disorder
 Is the deterioration of the articular
cartilage usually due to age
 most serious in hip joint

16. Joint Problems
1. Disease – mainly arthritis
2 types of arthritis
A. osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
 Autoimmune disorder
 Cause unknown
 Effects hands, ankles, knees, fingers
most often
 Can affect any age
 Controlled with medications

18. Joint Problems
1. Disease – mainly arthritis
2. Injury
A. Sprain
 most common
 when ligaments over
stressed and swelling and
inflammation occurs
 treatment is rest

20. Joint Problems
1. Disease – mainly arthritis
2. Injury
A. Sprain
B. Dislocation
 joint overstressed
and bone pops out
of ligament
 treatment - must
be relocated

21. Joint Problems
1. Disease – mainly arthritis
2. Injury
A. Sprain
B. Dislocation
C. Torn Ligaments
 Ligament is under stress and
tears
 Treatment:
 not completely torn then
rest and it will heal
 completely torn will need
surgery to reattach or sub

22. Surgery