Introduction to parallel cinema, meaning, emergence, growth, decline,resurgence

2. HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA
• The Indian film industry started in the year
1913
• Dadasaheb Phalke is the pioneer of Indian film
industry
• Raja Harishchandra was the first full length
motion picture
• Soon this medium started gaining popularity

3. • This silent cinema continued for almost 2
decades
• Sound was introduced in the year 1931
• Alam Ara was the first sound film
• This film had songs and that
set the template for kinds of
films made later
• Unfortunately this film is not
available today

4. THE GOLDEN ERA
• The period from 1944 to the 1960’s is
regarded as the Golden Age of Indian cinema
• Most of the critically acclaimed Indian movies
were produced during this era
• This period saw the emergence of Parallel
Cinema
• This was mainly started by the Bengali Cinema

5. • Satyajit Ray, Bimal Roy, Ritwik Ghatak were
the early film makers
• Ray’s Pather Panchali won all major
International Awards at film festivals
• This established Parallel Cinema movement
firmly
• Many new film-makers joined this movement
• During 60’s Film Finance Corporation was
formed

6. WHAT IS PARALLEL CINEMA?
• Parallel Cinema is a movement in Indian
Cinema
• It is an alternative to the mainstream cinema
• It is also known as Art Cinema,Alternative
Cinema,Indian New Wave,Meaningful
Cinema,etc
• These films are known for their serious
content & realism
• It was inspired by Italian Neo-Realism, French
New Wave and Japanese New Wave

7. PARALLEL CINEMA IN 1970-80’s
• During 70’s Parallel cinema entered in
Bollywood to a much wider extent
• Notable filmmakers of this era were Shyam
Benegal, Mani Kaul, Saeed Akthar Mirza,
Govind Nihalani, etc
• Nishant, Manthan, Arohan, Junoon, Sparsh,
Aakrosh, Ardha Satya, Paar were some of the
eminent work

9. • The parallel cinema of this era gave careers to
a whole new breed of actors

10. NFDC
• NFDC was established in the year 1975
• NFDC produced lot of parallel cinema in the
70-80’s
• NFDC was the descendant of FFC
• The objective of NFDC is to promote Indian
culture
• NFDC & FFC through cinema till now have
funded over 300 films

11. DECLINE OF PARALLEL CINEMA
• By the early 90’s commercialization of cinema
had a negative impact on Art cinema
• Investment Returns were not guaranteed
• Financers showed no interest
• NFDC did not seriously looked into distribution
& exhibition of these films
• In this way the wave was not complete

12. RESURGENCE
• The term Parallel cinema is applied to off-beat
movies nowadays
• Mr & Mrs Iyer, Black Friday, Dhobi Ghat, Ship
of Thesus, etc are recent films of this genre

13. PARALLEL CINEMA VS COMMERCIAL
CINEMA
PARALLEL CINEMA
• Superior content
• Lacks star cast
• Limited Budget
• No lavish sets
• No music, dance
• Real not reel
COMMERCIAL CINEMA
• Content is secondary
• Requires big star cast
• Big Budget
• Lavish sets
• Dance & Music is high-priority
• Fake, false ,artificial

14. THANK YOU