1. Basic Environmental
Engineering & Elementary Biolo
Department of Electronics & Designed by Soujanya Roy, Sanjoy Moitra, Monalisa, Mayurima and
Communication Engineering Krishanu
2. AGENDA
Introduction to the Basic concept of
Eutrophication
-Basic Idea
-Definition
Types of Eutrophication
- Natural Eutrophication
- Cultural Eutrophication
Sources
- Point sources
- Non-point sources
- A brief outline
Effects of Eutrophication
Remedial Measures/Monitoring
Bibliography
3. Introduction- Basic Concepts
Whats actually
Eutrophication?
BASIC IDEA:
- originated from greek words: eu=‘well’ and
trophes=‘fed’. Thus it means ‘well fed’ or ‘nutrient
rich’
- It alters the dynamics of a number of plant, animal and
bacterial populations; thus, bringing about changes in
community structure.
- It is a form of water pollution and like all other forms of pollution is
the result of human activities influencing ecological cycles. Eutrophication in the Sea of Azov.
Source: SeaWiFS Project,
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
and ORBIMAG
4. Introduction- Basic Concepts
Defining Eutrophication
Can be defined as excessive nutrient load in a water body that
support a dense growth of algae and other organisms, the decay of
which depletes the shallow waters of oxygen in summer.
eutrophication may be defined as an increase in the
rate of supply of organic matter to an ecosystem.
It means ‘enhanced nourishment’ and refers to
the stimulation of aquatic plant growth by
mineral nutrients, particularly the combined
forms of phosphorus or nitrogen
5. Getting into:
Types of Eutrophication
Lets Browse through the different types of Eutrophication
7. Two types : A comparison
Natural Eutrophication Cultural Eutrophication
√
√
a process that occurs as a lake or river a process that occurs when humans
ages over a period of hundreds or release excessive amounts of nutrients;
thousands of years. it shortens the rate of aging to decades.
8. Getting into- Sources
Sources of Eutrophication
√
√
√Point sources are directly attributable to one influence. In
point sources the nutrient waste travels directly from source to
water. Point sources are relatively easy to regulate.
9. Getting into- Sources
Sources of Eutrophication
√
√
Nonpoint source pollution (also known as 'diffuse' or 'runoff' pollution) is that
which comes from ill-defined and diffuse sources. Nonpoint sources are
√difficult to regulate and usually vary spatially and temporally (with season,
precipitation, and other irregular events).
It has been shown that nitrogen transport is correlated with various indices
of human activity in watersheds, including the amount of development.
Ploughing in agriculture and development are activities that contribute most
to nutrient loading.
10. SOURCES- point & non point
Point Sources Non-point Sources
√Waste water effluent (municipal and Runoff from agriculture/irrigation
industrial) Runoff from pasture and range
Runoff and leachate from waste disposal Urban runoff from unsewered areas
√systems
Septic tank leachate
Runoff and infiltration from animal Runoff from construction sites> 20000
feedlots sq. mtrs
Runoff from mines, oil fields, unsewered Runoff from abandoned mines
industrial sites Atmospheric deposition over a water
Overflows of combined storm and surface
sanitary sewers. Runoff from construction Other land activities generating
sites less than 20000 sq. mtr. contaminants.
Untreated Sewage
11. SOURCES
Major Sources of Eutrophication
√
Major sources of excess nutrients
are agricultural fertilizers, domestic
√ sewage and livestock wastes.
Agricultural fertilizers provide
inorganic nutrients.
√ Sewage and wastes provide both
inorganic and organic nutrients.
13. Impact- Effects on Environment
Effects of Eutrophication
on
the Environment
Decrease in the transparency of water
Development of anoxic conditions (low oxygen levels)
Increased algal blooms
Loss of habitat (e.g. Sea grass beds)
Change in dominant biota (e.g. Changes in plankton and
macrophyte community structure or changes in fish composition)
Decrease in species diversity
Change in the aesthetic value of the water body
14. Impact- Effects on Society
Socio-economic
Consequences of
Eutrophication
Increased vegetation may impede water flow and the movement of boats
The water may become unsuitable for drinking even after treatment
Decrease in the amenity value of the water (e.g. it may become unsuitable
f or water sports such as sailing)
Disappearance of commercially important species (such as trout)
Loss of tourism/recreation (swimming, boating)
Loss of aesthetic value: visual disamenity of algal blooms in lakes
15. IMPACT
Before Eutrophication After Eutrophication
√
√
18. On right: Fish mortality due
lack of O2 in Indonesian lake
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION
19. NOW
PLAYING Getting Real- Video footage
CREDITS: Lets understand the process SIMPLY…!
Piotr Sokolowski
Source:
www.youtube.com
20. REMEDIAL MEASURES
Reduction in the use of phosphates as builders in detergents
Reduction in the use of nitrate containing fertilisers
Implementation of tertiary sewage treatment methods which
remove phosphate and nitrate
Improvements in agricultural practices (economising on
fertiliser use and improving land use)
Aeration of lakes and reservoirs to prevent oxygen depletion
particularly during algal blooms
Restoration of natural wetlands, efficient in nutrient removal
Removing phosphate-rich plant material from affected lakes
Removing phosphate-rich sediments by dredging
