1. World hunger day 2015
Food security
yesterday today and tomorrow
Abhishek Khadka
Pokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus
United Nation Youth and Student Association Nepal 2014
avi_khadka@yahoo.com

3. Indicators for Hunger

4. Comparative analysis of hunger

5. When all people at all times haveaccessto
sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain
a healthy and active life. The conceptof
food security is defined as including both
physical and economic access tofood that
meets people's dietary needs as well as
their food preferences (World Food
Summit of 1996)
FoodSecurity
Physical Economical
Assesses/Constraints

6. Reduction in
population
growth
Food Supply = yield per
cultivated area X
cultivated area

7. Pillars of Food Security as WHO
Food
availability
Food access
Food use

8. Pillars of Food Security as FAO
Physical
AVAILABILITY
of food
Food availability
addresses the
“supply side” of
food security
and is
determined by
the level of food
production,
stock levels and
net trade.
Economic and physical
ACCESS to food
An adequate supply of
food at the national or
international level does
not in itself guarantee
household level food
security. Concerns about
insufficient food access
have resulted in a
greater
policy focus on incomes,
expenditure, markets
and prices in achieving
food security objectives.
Food UTILIZATION
Utilization is commonly
understood as the way the body
makes the most of various
nutrients in the food. Sufficient
energy and nutrient intake by
individuals is the result of good
care and feeding practices, food
preparation, diversity of the diet
and intra-household distribution of
food.
Combined with good biological
utilization of food consumed, this
determines the nutritional status
of individuals.
STABILITY of the other
three dimensions over
time
Even if your food intake is adequate
today, you are still considered to be
food insecure if you have
inadequate access to food on a periodic
basis, risking a deterioration of your
nutritional status.
Adverse weather conditions, political
instability, or economic factors
(unemployment, rising food
prices) may have an impact on your
food security status.

9. Dimension of food security as ADB
Productivity
Declining
land and
water
resources,
Stagnating
crop yields
Resilience
Climate change impacts,
price fluctuations
Connectivity
Lack of access
to markets,
services, resources,
and nonfarm income
Food
Security
Asian Development Bank study
projects that climate change will
adversely affect wheat production
in South Asia by 2030, and rice
production in Southeast Asia,
particularly in the Greater Mekong
Subregion (ADB 2009b). The study
also predicts that climate change
will have a strong effect on food
prices: rice, wheat, and soybeans
could increase by 10%–50%, while
the price of maize is expected to
double by 2050.
Climate change will also increase extreme
weather events—such as floods, droughts,
and
typhoons—which will have serious
consequences for agriculture, food, and
forestry production.
This is of particular concern to Asia, as it is
the most disaster-afflicted area in the
world—of the
10 countries with greatest economic losses
to extreme weather, five are in Asia
(Bangladesh, the
People’s Republic of China, India,
Indonesia, and Pakistan). Between 1975
and 2006, 89% of people
affected by natural disasters in the world
were in Asia (Sanker, Nakano, and Shiomi
2007).
Using three indicators of vulnerability
(exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive
capacity), the most
vulnerable countries in the region are
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India,
the Lao People’s
Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and
Nepal. These are the countries that will
need targeted assistance
(ADB 2009b).
In 2007-08 the food stocks
went down and price of
world cereals peaked up in
April 2008 an average
increase of 87% in comparison
to last year.
60% of the total cereal demand is
from the developing countries from
where and South East Asia
contributes the highest. The global
cereal demand from 1999-2030 is
expected to be increase of 1.6%
where South East Asia contributes
1.2% to meet this the global
production should be increased by
40%.
Biehl et. al (2013)

11. Hidden Hunger

13. Inflation Vs Time
Year/Co
mmodit
ies
US$ Coke UK£ Petrol Diesel Gold Populati
on
Rice
2039 2.5 12 8 84 lacs One of
leading
rice
exporte
r of
country
2060 64* 12 106* 62.5 31.50 7000* 2.31
crore
(2.27%)
2071 96*
(106)
25 150
(162)
140 104.5 54000* 2.75
Crore
(1.68%)
One of
the
leading
rice
importe
r

14. How food technologist can
eliminate hunger ??

15. Nepal imports around 5000 commodities whereas exports
451 commodities.
Topography is one of the main challenge in agri-trade.
35% of GDP is being contributed by agriculture.
9 potential food/spices are classified as the major
contributors of GDP.
The number of family involved in farming was found to be
increased but the land holding ratio was small as compared
to census 2058.
Due to lack of mechanization and irrigation facilities the
production is not so high expected in Terai region.
Agri-trade in Nepal as Economic
Security

16. Thanks to:
 Conference Papers of Nutrition Innovation Lab on
Nutrition II & III symposium.
 Food Conference 2012-14 conference papers.
Acknowledgement