2. SociolinguisticsSociolinguistics
Deals with the inter-relationships between language and society.Deals with the inter-relationships between language and society.
Social Dialects also can be understood according toSocial Dialects also can be understood according to
varieties of language used according to:varieties of language used according to: social valuesocial value :
class,class, Overt prestigeOvert prestige : recognized better waysrecognized better ways
education, of speakingeducation, of speaking .
age and sexage and sex Covert prestigeCovert prestige :: attached to non-attached to non-
standard forms by certain sub.groups.standard forms by certain sub.groups.
Language , Society and Culture
3. Sociolinguistics
Social Class and EducationSocial Class and Education
((Social class And education infer in the way we speak)Social class And education infer in the way we speak)
Show us how certain details Another social marker is (h)- droppingShow us how certain details Another social marker is (h)- dropping
can make a social class clasification. which result in ‘ouse and ‘ello.can make a social class clasification. which result in ‘ouse and ‘ello.
It is associated with lower social class andIt is associated with lower social class and
less education.less education.
Ex.Ex. Labov’s study shows an investigationLabov’s study shows an investigation
among salespeople in three storesamong salespeople in three stores
in New York Where he concluded thatin New York Where he concluded that
the use of a consonant (r)the use of a consonant (r)
can mark higher and lower social class.can mark higher and lower social class.
4. Sociolinguistics
Age and GenderAge and Gender
variation according to agevariation according to age female speakers tend there are also somefemale speakers tend there are also some
is most noticeable acrossis most noticeable across to use more prestigiuos differences into use more prestigiuos differences in
the grandparent-grandchilthe grandparent-grandchil forms than male speakers. Pronunciation.forms than male speakers. Pronunciation.
time span.time span. Ex. Female = I don’t itEx. Female = I don’t it
Male = He ain’t.Male = He ain’t.
Women generally discuss In mixed-gender pairs havingWomen generally discuss In mixed-gender pairs having
their personal feelings while conversation, the rate of mentheir personal feelings while conversation, the rate of men
men prefer discuss about interrupting women ismen prefer discuss about interrupting women is
sports and news. substantially greater than the reverse.sports and news. substantially greater than the reverse.
5. Sociolinguistics
Ethnic Background IdiolectEthnic Background Idiolect
((features that are carried from thefeatures that are carried from the is used for the personal dialect of echis used for the personal dialect of ech
original language to a new languageoriginal language to a new language)) individual speaker of a language.individual speaker of a language.
many African – Americans,many African – Americans,
known as Black Englishknown as Black English
Vernacular (BEV) any speech can not be consideredVernacular (BEV) any speech can not be considered
has social dialect as “Bad Speech”.has social dialect as “Bad Speech”.
differences, marked.differences, marked.
6. Sociolinguistics
Style, Register and JargonStyle, Register and Jargon
Register :Register : level of formality.level of formality. Jargon :Jargon : technical vocabularytechnical vocabulary
associatedwith a special activityassociatedwith a special activity
or group.or group.
Ex.Ex. Interview :Interview : excuse me.excuse me.
Is the manager in his office?Is the manager in his office?
Friend :Friend : Hey, is the that lazyHey, is the that lazy
dog still in bed?dog still in bed?
7. Sociolinguistics
Style, Register and JargonStyle, Register and Jargon
Register :Register : level of formality.level of formality. Jargon :Jargon : technical vocabularytechnical vocabulary
associatedwith a special activityassociatedwith a special activity
or group.or group.
Ex.Ex. Interview :Interview : excuse me.excuse me.
Is the manager in his office?Is the manager in his office?
Friend :Friend : Hey, is the that lazyHey, is the that lazy
dog still in bed?dog still in bed?
