Terrorism, What is terrorism, History of terrorism, Reasons of terrorism, International terrorism, Terrorism in Russia, Antiterrorist program

1. Terrorism in modern
world and its
influence on politics
RUHULLA ABDUL
1ST YEAR IFF STUDENT
Financial University under the Government of
the Russian Federation
Moscow
2014

2. Content
• What is terrorism?
• History
• Reasons
• International terrorism
• Terrorism in Russia
• Antiterrorist program

3. Definition
• More than 109 definitions which includes such words as:
• Violence, force 83.5%
• Political 65%
• Fear, terror emphasized 51%
• Threat 47%
• Effect, reactions, etc 41.5%
Terrorism – the threat or use of violence for political purposes by
individuals or groups, whether acting for, or in opposition to
established governmental authority, where such actions are
intended to shock or intimidate a large group wider than the
immediate victims.
U.S. Central intelligence Agency, 1980

4. History
 1793: The Origins of Modern Terrorism: French revolution. From that
time, the idea of terrorism as an attack against an existing political
order became more prominent
 1950s: The Rise of Non-State Terrorism: ethnic nationalism, anti-colonial
sentiments, Irish Republican Army, Kurdistan Worker's Party,
Sri Lankan Liberation Tigers
 1970s: Terrorism Turns International: The era gave us our
contemporary sense of terrorism as highly theatrical, symbolic acts
of violence by organized groups with specific political complaints
 1990s: The Twenty First Century: Religious Terrorism and Beyond

5. What is terrorism?
• Terrorism is a criminal act of violence that affects many people
• Terrorism is often used against a stronger side in a conflict,
governments or societies
• Terrorism is an act that’s supposed to prove a point or oppose
something without the victim knowing the exact intention
• Terrorism is common in people pursuing worldwide goals (political,
religious or ideological objectives)
• Calculated
• Intended to produce fear
• Carried out by subnational groups

6. Reasons
• Social and political injustice: People choose terrorism when they are
trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or
historical wrong—when they have been stripped of their land or
rights, or denied these.
• The belief that violence or its threat will be effective, and usher in
change. Another way of saying this is: the belief that violent means
justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that they
chose violence after long deliberation, because they felt they had
no choice.

7. What Happens During Terrorism?
Who Organizes It?
• The key elements of terrorism are violence, fear, and intimidation
• Terrorists want publicity and for the victims to symbolize their cause
• Terrorists’ violence is supposed to draw attention to their cause
• The effectiveness if terrorism depends on the public’s reaction
• The organizations that organize it are small, making it hard o target
them

8. Causes
• Religious
• Nationalist
• State-sponsored
• Left-wing
• Right-wing
• Anarchist
• Pathological Terrorism
• Issue Oriented Terrorism
• Separatist Terrorism
• Narco-Terrorism
• Special Interest Terrorism
• Terrorism can be either
domestic or
international

9. Religious Terrorism
 Seek to use violence
to further what they
see as divinely
commanded
purposes, often
targeting broad
categories of foes in
an attempt to bring
about sweeping
changes
 Examples: al-
Queda, Palestinian
Sunni Muslim
organization
Hamas, Lebanese
Shiite group
Hezbollah, some
American white-supermacist
militias, ISIS

10. Nationalist Terrorism
 Seek to form a
separate state for
their own national
group, often by
drawing attention
to a fight for
“national
liberation” that
they think the
world has ignored.
 Example groups
include Irish
Republican Army,
Palestine
Liberation
Organization,
Basque Fatherland
and Liberty, and
Kurdistan Workers’
Party

11. State-Sponsored Terrorism
 Deliberately used
by radical states
as foreign policy
tools.
 State Department
says Iran is the
primary state
sponsor of
terrorism today.
 Examples include
Hezbollah backed
by Iran, Abu Nibal
Organization
backed by Iraq,
Japanese Red
Army that often
work on contracts
for Libya

12. Left-Wing Terrorism
 Out to destroy
capitalism and
replace it with a
communist or
socialist regime.
 Examples include
Baader-Meinhof
Group (Germany),
Japanese Red
Army (Lebanon),
The Weathermen
(America 1970s),
and Red Brigades
(Italy)
Andreas Bernd Baader

13. Right-Wing Terrorism
 Seek to do away
with liberal
democratic
governments and
create fascist
states in their
place.
 Examples include
neo-Nazi or
Neofascist terrorist
groups.

14. Anarchist Terrorism
 Revolutionaries seek to
overthrow established
governments launched
a wave of bombing and
assassinated a series of
heads of state.
 Leon Czolgosz, anarchist
who assassinated
President William
McKinley in 1901.

15. Domestic Terrorism
 Involves groups or
individuals who are
based and operate
entirely within the
United States or its
territories without
foreign direction and
whose acts are
directed at elements
of the U.S.
Government or
population.
 Examples include
Timothy McVeigh
(right-wing), The
World Church of the
Creator (right-wing),
Aryan Nations (right-wing),
Popular Puerto
Rican Army (left-wing),
and Los
Macheteros (left-wing).

16. Special Interest Terrorism
 Involves extremist
special interest
groups who seek
to influence
special issues,
rather than effect
widespread
political change.
 Examples include
Eric Robert
Rudolph, Army of
God, extremists of
animal rights, pro-life,
environmental,
and anti-nuclear
groups.

17. Russian rank: 6.8 (11 place out of 162) for 2013

18. Russian rank: 3.039 (152 place out of 162) for 2014

20. International terrorism

23. Terrorist organizations

25. Terrorism in Russia
• May 9, 2002 - during the Victory Parade in Kaspiysk
militants blew up a landmine. 44 people were killed.
• October 23-26, 2002 - the seizure of the theater center
in Moscow during the musical "Nord-Ost" in October
2002. 175 dead, 700 wounded
• February 6, 2004 - Karachay-Cherkessia bandits
undermined Moscow metro with 42 people. After the
explosion in the subway began to introduce
surveillance cameras
• August 24, 2004 - explosion on the plane. 89 people
dead
• 1 September 2004 - an attack on a school in Beslan.
335 victims
• August 17, 2009 year- explosion police station in
Nazran. 19 dead, over 300 injured
• November 27, 2009 as a result of undermining the
fabric rail derailed. 40 dead
• March 29, 2010 was promoted to the attack on the
subway stations - "Lubyanka" and "Park Kultury". 41
dead, 88 injured
• January 24, 2011. The explosion at Domodedovo
airport. As a result - some 40 dead and 160 injured.
• October 21, 2013. explosion on a bus in Volgograd. 7
killed
• 29-30 December 2013. explosion in the city station in
Volgograd. 25 people dead

26. Leaders
• Riyadus-Salikhin (Gardens of the Righteous)
• Jamaat Yarmuk of Kabardino-Balkaria
• Jamaat Jennet or Shariat of Dagestan
• Kabardino-Balkarian Jamaat
• Supreme military Majlis Shura of United forces
of mujahideens of the Caucasus
• Caucausus Front of Armed Forces of Ichkeria
• Jamaat of Carachaevo-Cherkessia
• Jamaat Khalifat of Ingushetia
• Jamaat Taliban of Ingushetia
• Jamaat Kataib al Houl of North-Ossetia
• Islamic Jamaat of Tatarstan
Phone numbers:
(495) 667-62-79
(495) 667-50-85

27. Antiterrorist program

28. Thank You

29. References
 http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/istoriya/TERRORIZM.html?page=0,1#part-2
 https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D
0%BC
 http://warontherocks.com/2014/07/what-does-four-decades-of-terrorism-in-the-u-s-look-like/#_
 http://terrorism.about.com/od/whatisterroris1/tp/DefiningTerrorism.htm
 http://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/types-of-terrorism
 http://handofreason.com/2011/featured/types-of-terrorism
 http://blogs.swa-jkt.com/swa/10358/2011/09/13/concept-link-global-awareness-terrorism/
 https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/the-threats/terrorism/international-terrorism.html
 http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/
 http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/terrorism.pdf
 http://economicsandpeace.org/research/iep-indices-data/global-terrorism-index
 http://www.agentura.ru/english/terrorism/organizations/