Other telescopes

OTHER TELESCOPES,[object Object]

OTHER TELESCOPES,[object Object],Radio telescopes,[object Object],Fundamental design similar to optical telescopes.,[object Object],Made up of large dishes to accommodate longer wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.,[object Object],Bowl-shaped surface is crafted of steel and wire mesh. ,[object Object]

Radio Telescopes,[object Object],Radio signals can be detected round the clock.,[object Object],Radio signals coming from celestial bodies are week, so radio telescopes are usually built in valleys to shield from artificial radio waves.,[object Object],E.g. of radio telescope,[object Object],Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico measures 305 meters across.,[object Object]

Radio Telescopes ,[object Object],Radio Interferometry,[object Object],Links signals from two or more radio telescopes in separate locations for greater detail when observing.,[object Object],The more telescopes added the greater the resolving power.,[object Object],E.g. ,[object Object],VLA (Very Large Array) near Socorro, New Mexico. ,[object Object],A Y-shaped array of 27 dish-shaped antennas,,[object Object],Each 25 meters wide and extending 21 km long. ,[object Object]

THE VERY LARGE ARRAY,[object Object]

ARECIBO RADIO TELESCOPE,[object Object]

ARECIBO RADIO TELESCOPE,[object Object],The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico contains the largest single stationary radio telescope in the world. ,[object Object],Because it remains stationary, the Arecibo telescope uses Earth’s rotation to turn its field of view across the sky. ,[object Object],Radio waves bounce off the bowl of the telescope and into the detecting platform suspended above the bowl.,[object Object]

RADIO MAP,[object Object],The Parkes 64-m (210-ft) radio telescope in Australia produced this radio map of the Large Magellanic Cloud. ,[object Object],The colors of the image correspond to radio wave intensity; black is the least intense, red the most. ,[object Object],A radio map often reveals structures that are invisible to visible-light telescopes.,[object Object]

THE VERY LARGE ARRAY,[object Object],Radio telescopes detect electromagnetic radiation from space in wavelengths ranging from about 1 mm (0.04 in) to more than 1 km (0.6 mi). ,[object Object],Since radio telescopes are only sensitive to electromagnetic radiation with a relatively long wavelength, signals from a group of telescopes pointing at the same object can be combined, dramatically improving resolution. ,[object Object],For example, the Very Large Array (VLA) in Socorro, New Mexico, has 27 dishes whose individual signals can be combined to form a single high-resolution image.,[object Object]

Infrared Telescopes,[object Object],Permits scientist to explore dark dusty regions of space both within and beyond our galaxy to uncover clues about:,[object Object],A. Birth of stars,[object Object],B. Formation of planetary systems,[object Object],C. Behavior of comets ,[object Object],D. Behavior of planetary atmospheres ,[object Object],E. Core of the Milky Way,[object Object],F. and Birth of some of the most distant galaxies in the universe. ,[object Object]

Infrared Telescopes,[object Object],Infrared astronomy can be performed on ,[object Object],A. dry high-altitude observing sites.,[object Object],B. Aircraft,[object Object],C. Outer Space (Space telescopes),[object Object],Uses the basic design of optical telescopes but detector gathers only infrared light at the focus.,[object Object]

Infrared Telescopes,[object Object],Image can be contaminated by,[object Object],A. Atmospheric heat and,[object Object],B. Heat produced by telescope itself. ,[object Object],Corrects the image by subtracting background information heat from final image.,[object Object],Telescope is cooled to reduce heat contamination.,[object Object]

STELLAR NURSERY IN INFRARED,[object Object]

STELLAR NURSERY IN INFRARED,[object Object],The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) detected infrared radiation in space. ,[object Object],It could see through clouds of interstellar dust because infrared radiation is not blocked by the dust as much as visible light is. ,[object Object],The ISO took this picture of new stars forming out of a cloud of dust and gas. ,[object Object],The stars are not visible to optical telescopes because the visible light that they emit is blocked by the dust surrounding them.,[object Object]

INFRARED TELESCOPES,[object Object]

INFRARED TELESCOPES,[object Object],Infrared telescopes detect radiation that has wavelengths longer than the light that humans can see. ,[object Object],Infrared radiation enters the telescope and reflects off of a large mirror on the bottom of the telescope, then off of a smaller mirror. ,[object Object],Detectors and instruments beneath the mirrors record the radiation. ,[object Object],Infrared telescopes must be kept at very low temperatures to prevent their own heat from producing infrared radiation that could interfere with observations.,[object Object]

Ultraviolet Telescopes,[object Object],Similar to optical telescopes but mirrors have special coatings that reflect ultraviolet light very well.,[object Object],Provides much information about:,[object Object],A. Interstellar gas,[object Object],B. Young stars,[object Object],C. Gaseous areas of active galaxies.,[object Object]

Ultraviolet telescopes ,[object Object],Some of the hottest and most energetic stars are visible in the ultraviolet light region of the spectrum.,[object Object],E.g. ,[object Object],1. International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) ,[object Object],2. Extreme Violet Explorer (EUE),[object Object],3. ASTRO space shuttle observatory,[object Object],4. Hubble Space Telescope (HST),[object Object],These four are Earth-orbiting observatories or telescopes. ,[object Object]

X-ray Telescopes,[object Object],Built like optical refracting telescopes.,[object Object],The main mirror of these telescopes are nearly cylindrical. ,[object Object],Mirror shape lets light be reflected in shallow angles towards the detector.,[object Object],To block untargeted x-rays, telescopes are surrounded with x-ray absorbing lead.,[object Object]

X-ray Telescopes,[object Object],E.g.,[object Object],1. US space explorer 42,[object Object],2. NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory,[object Object],3. ESA’s X-ray Multimirror System Mission mounted on high altitude rockets. ,[object Object]

THE SUN IN X-RAYS,[object Object],X-ray telescopes gather X rays just as optical telescopes gather visible light. ,[object Object],Hot gases in the sun produce X rays that an X-ray telescope can detect, creating an image such as the one pictured here.,[object Object]

CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY,[object Object],This artist's impression depicts the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. ,[object Object],The orbiting observatory has detected many new astronomical X-ray sources and produced a wealth of high-resolution images of stars, nebulas, and galaxies.,[object Object]

CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY,[object Object]

SUN IN X-RAYS,[object Object],X-ray telescopes gather X rays just as optical telescopes gather visible light. ,[object Object],Hot gases in the sun produce X rays that an X-ray telescope can detect, creating an image such as the one pictured here.,[object Object]

THE SUN IN X-RAYS,[object Object]

Gamma-Ray Telescopes,[object Object],Consist of two or more Gamma ray detectors in a line.,[object Object],Two detectors are placed in a line pointing to the source.,[object Object],Gamma ray from the targeted source will pass through both detectors.,[object Object],Detectors triggered by gamma ray passes through it, no matter what direction the gamma ray is travelling. ,[object Object]

Gamma-Ray Telescopes,[object Object],Some of the most catastrophic events in the universe, such as neutron star collisions and black holes,,[object Object],Blast high energy gamma rays across space.,[object Object],E.g. Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) ,[object Object]

GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE,[object Object]

GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE,[object Object],A gamma-ray telescope detects radiation that has a shorter wavelength than visible light.,[object Object], Gamma rays enter the telescope through the charged-particle detector and pass into layers of material that transform the gamma rays into electrons and positrons. ,[object Object],The electrons and positrons have electric charges, which cause sparks as the particles pass through the spark chambers in the lower part of the telescope. ,[object Object],Light detectors at the bottom of the telescope record the sparks.,[object Object]

End of Presentation,[object Object]

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