This document discusses the application of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) in urban planning. It explains that RS allows for the collection of spatial, spectral and temporal data about areas in an accurate and cost-effective manner, while GIS stores and analyzes geographic data in layers. The document then provides several examples of how RS and GIS have been used in urban planning, including analyzing urban sprawl in Bengaluru, mapping land use changes in Mysuru over time, assessing water demand and supply in Nairobi, and monitoring archaeological sites for encroachment using satellite imagery. It concludes that RS and GIS are necessary technologies for urban planning authorities to efficiently respond to issues faced by rapidly urbanizing

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2. INDEX
• INTRODUCTION
• What is RS?
• What is GIS?
• Urban planning
• NEED FOR RS AND GIS OVER CONVENTIONAL METHODS
• APPLICATION OF RS AND GIS IN URBAN PLANNING
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
 The urban areas in developing countries have witnessed
tremendous changes in terms of population growth and
urbanization.
 In the absence of proper urban management practice,
uncontrolled and rapid increase in population pose enormous
challenges to governments in providing adequate shelter to
the millions of homeless and poor in urban areas. This has
also posed great concern among urban planners.
 Hence, incorporation of RS and GIS in urban planning has
become a very useful aid.
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4. Remote sensing
 Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about
objects, area or phenomenon without making physical contact
with them.
 Captures spatial (area), spectral (color) and temporal (time)
data with accuracy, speed and cost effective on a repetitive
basis
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5. Remote sensing process
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6. Geographical information system (GIS)
 GIS are decision support computer based systems for
collecting, storing, presenting and analyzing geographical
spatial information.
 A GIS stores its data in layers.
 Each layer consists of a map
plus a table of attribute data.
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7. Urban planning
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8. Need for RS and GIS over conventional methods
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Areas in which replacement of the conventional methods by
RS and GIS are as follows;
 Digitization of cadastral map using GIS.
 Preparation of new maps using satellite RS is cheapest and
quickest available method.
 To keep track of urban growth.
 To update land use and land cover maps

9. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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1) Urban sprawl: Urban sprawl is the outgrowth along
peripheries of cities and along highways.
 It is characterized by an unplanned and uneven pattern of
growth leading to inefficient resource utilization.
 It can be effectively studied by dividing the study area into
concentric circles of incrementing radius of 1km and
studying the analyzing the following aspects:
a) pre processing
b) vegetation cover analysis
c) land use analysis
d) density gradient analysis

10. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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Study area: Bengaluru
Study area has been
divided into
concentric circles of
incrementing radius
of 1km from the centre
of the city.

11. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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Gradient-wise temporal land use

12. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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2) Land use changes: It refers to the dynamic change that the
land/geographical area has undergone with time.
Temporal land use details of
Mysuru
Classification output of Mysuru

13. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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3) Mapping administrative boundaries:

14. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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4) Water demand and supply analysis: This is effectively done by
dividing the study area into itineraries and further analyzed
for water availability density.
 water availability density = supply density-demand density
Study area: Western
region of Nairobi
country.
155 itineraries

15. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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The blue color indicates
areas with very low water
supply.
Areas with red color have
adequate water supply.

16. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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5) Road network analysis: By using network analysis tools,
shortest route was created between two different locations,
which is more efficient in terms of less time and subsequently,
cost consumed in travelling.
 The route may connect just two nodes – an origin and a
destination or have specific stop between these two nodes.

17. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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7) Monitoring archaeological sites: encroachment around the
archaeological sites can be analzed using satellite imagery.

18. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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8) Urban information system in India: The national urban
information system ( NUIS) of India was drafted in 2000.
 Components of NUIS:
a) Urban spatial information system (USIS)
b) National Urban Data Bank & Indicators (NUDB&I)
 Objectives of NUIS scheme:
a) generate spatial data in the form of accurate maps and attribute
(statistical) data.
b) use of modern data sources / technologies from high resolution
satellites and GIS concepts
c) To develop and implement the information system concept in
planning and managing urban settlements

19. Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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Some of the other applications of RS and GIS in urban
planning are as follows:
 Traffic analysis
 Assessing physical transformation of cities
 Land suitability modeling
 Disaster management ( E.g.: landslides, flood, drought, etc.)
 Delineating environmental sensitive area.
 Planning zones

20. Conclusion
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 Issues like quality of infrastructure, energy efficient services and
environmental conditions in a city and many other pose a challenge to
urban planning.
 To solve the above issues and to plan a better city at the current rate of
urbanization, quick and intelligent response from the planning
authorities are necessary.
 In other words, the urban planning authorities and agencies in every
parts of the country should adopt new technologies like remote sensing
and GIS.

21. References
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 Ramachandra TV, Durgappa and Bharath aithal., 2011, Insights on urban
dynamics through landscape spatial pattern analysis, international journal
of applied earth observation and geoinformation 18 (2012) 329-343.
 P. N. Wafula and T. G. Ngigi., 2015, GIS Based Analysis of Supply and
Forecasting Piped Water Demand in Nairobi, international journal of
engineering science invention, volume 4 issue 2.
 M Raghunath., 2006, Application of remote sensing and GIS in urban land
suitability modeling at parcel level using multi-criteria decision analysis.
 NUIS manual, ISO 9001 -2000.

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