radish production technology of radish,introduction, veriety, climate, soil, inter culture operations, yield and diseases and pests

1. Presented by :
Sachin G E
1st M.Sc.(horticulture)
Vegetable Science dept.
College of horticulture and
Forestry,
Jalawar

2. Botonical name : Raphanus sativus
Family : Brassicaseae
Chromosome number : 2n=2x=18
Origin : Europe
Pungency due to : isothiocyanates

3. Radish roots Amount per
100grams
(raw)
Calories 17Kcal
Fiber 2g
Vitamin C 15mg
Calcium 35mg
Phosphorous 22mg
Radish Leaves Amount per 100grams
(raw)
Calories 41Kcal
Protein 3.8g
Fiber 1g
Vitamin C 81mg
Beta carotene 5295 micrograms
Calcium 400mg
Phosphorous 59mg
Nutrient content

4. Characteristics
Habitat –terrestrial, wetland
Flower petal color - blue to purple, pink to red white
Leaf type - the leaves are compound (made up of two or more
discrete leaflets)
Leaf arrangement - alternate: there is one leaf per node along
with the stem
Flower symmetry- there are four petals, sepals, or tepals in
the flower and Stamen number 6
Fruit type (general) - the fruit is dry but does not split open
when ripe
Fruit length-10–250 mm

5. Radish leaf Radish flower
Radish seedsRadish pods

7. Among the root crops carrot and radish are the important
crops grown in the country.
Radish is a popular vegetable in both tropical and
temperature regions.
Radish is a good source of vitamin C contains 15 – 40 mg
per 100g of edible portion and supplies varieties of mineral.
The leaves of radish are a good source of extraction of
proteins on a commercial scale.
Importance of radish

8. Radish is grown for its tender tuberous roots which are
eaten raw salad or cooked as vegetable.
The leaves of radish are also cooked as vegetable. Root,
leaves, flower and pods are active against gram- positive
bacteria.
The roots are said to be useful in ruminary complaints
and piles.
 Radish is annual or biennial depending on purpose for
which it is sown.
Cont…

9. salads recipe
Radish products

10. Radish is best adapted to cool or moderate climate.
Tropical varieties can adopt high temperature but to
develop good flavor texture lower temperature between
15- 25° C is required
20 and 23°C optimum temperature is required.
climate

11. Sandy loamy soils with high organic matter content are
highly suited for radish cultivation.
The highest yield can be obtained at a soil pH of 5.5 to
6.8. Roots of best size and flavour
soil

12. Hills
White Icicle, Scarlet globe, Rapid Red White Tipped
Plains
Co 1, Pusa Rashmi, Pusa Chetki, Pusa Desi, Japanese
White and Arka Nishant are popular varieties.
Varieties

13.  The crop is sown during winter from September to
January
 in the plains from 1 September to 1 December and
in the hills from June September.
In the mild climate of peninsular India, radish can be
grown almost all the year round except few summer
months.
The best sowing time in South India is from April to
June.
Sowing season

14. The seeds of tropical varieties are sown at a spacing
of 45 x 8 cm
 while a spacing of 20-30 x 8 cm is recommended for
temperate varieties.
The seed rate of 10-12 kg/ha is recommended
Seeds treated with 2-3 gms bavistin per kg of seeds
Seed rate
spacing

15. The land should be thoroughly ploughed so that the
clods do not interfere with the root development.
 Well decomposed FYM (15-20 t/ha) is mixed at the
time of land preparation.
Application of fresh undecomposed FYM should be
avoided as it leads to forking of the fleshy roots.
Land Preparation

16. For regular supply of fresh and tender roots, the sowing
should be staggered and done at 15 or 20 days interval.
 Radish is a usually grown on ridge to facilitate good
root development.
Method of Planting :

17. Fertilizer application
Apply FYM at 25 t/ha and 25 kg N, 100 kg P and 50 kg
K/ha as basal dressing and 25 kg N/ha after 30 days.
Fertigation
Fertigation requirement :50:100:50kg of NPK / ha. Apply
once in three days

18. Weeding and thinning
Weeding and hoeing can be done as and when necessary. at
the second weeding, thinning of densely sown plants should
be done.

19. Irrigation
Irrigation is done once in a week

20. Radishes will be ready to harvest quite rapidly, as three
weeks after planting for some varieties.
Do not leave in the ground long after mature stage,
their condition will deteriorate quickly.
Cut the tops off short, wash the radishes and dry them
thoroughly.
Store in plastic bags in the refrigerator.
Radish greens can be stored separately for up to three
days.
Harvest/Storage

21. harvesting cleaning

22. Yield
About 20 – 30 t/ha in 45 – 60 days can be obtained.

23. Common Pests and Diseases

24. Scab : Streptomyces scabies
Symptoms
Brown-yellow circular lesions on roots; sunken, cracked lesions which
may be irregular in shape and coalesce
Management
rotate crops to non-host for four years, maintain a high level of soil
moisture
avoid increasing soil pH through soil amendment use of sulfur
application

25. Alternaria blight :Alternaria spp.
Symptoms
Yellow, dark brown or black circular spots on leaves with concentric rings
on leaves, petioles, stems and/or flowers; center of lesions may dry and
drop out
Management
Plant only certified, disease-free seed; treat seeds with hot water prior to
planting; rotate crops to non-brassica species; irrigate plants in morning
to allow sufficient time to dry out during the day;

26. Black root
Aphanomyces raphari
Symptoms
Small black-blue areas on roots which expand and girdle taproot;
roots become constricted at site of lesions; black discoloration
extends into roota
Management
Plant resistant radish varieties used ,
rotate crops with non-brassica species

27. Wirestem (Damping-off)
Rhizoctonia solani
Symptoms
Death of seedlings after germination; brown-red or black rot girdling
stem; seedling may remain upright but stem is constricted and twisted
(wirestem)
Management
Plant pathogen-free seed or transplants that have been produced in
sterilized soil; apply fungicide to seed to kill off any fungi; shallow plant
seeds or delay planting until soil warms

28. Clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae
Symptoms
Slow growing, stunted plants; yellowish leaves which wilt during day and rejuvenate in
part at night; swollen, distorted roots; extensive gall formation
Comments
Can be difficult to distinguish from nematode damage; fungus can survive in soil for
periods in excess of 10 years; can be spread by movement of contaminated soil and
irrigation water to uninfected areas
Management
Once the pathogen is present in the soil it can survive for many years, elimination of
the pathogen is economically unfeasible; rotating crops generally does not provide
effective control; plant only certified seed and avoid field grown transplants unless
produced in a fumigated bed; applying lime to the soil can reduce fungus sporulation

29. White rust Albugo candida
Symptoms
White pustules on cotyledons, leaves, stems and/or flowers which
coalesce to form large areas of infection; leaves may roll and thicken
Comments
Fungus can survive for long periods of time in dry conditions;
disease spread by wind
Management
Rotate crops; plant only disease-free seed; apply appropriate
fungicide if disease becomes a problem

30. Aphids Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne
The pest attacks both the seedlings as well as the mature crop. The
nymphs and adults suck the cell sap. affected parts become discolored
and malformed. high humidity favours rapid multiplication of this pest.
The aphids are mostly observed on the lower surface of the leaves.
Control
Spraying of Monocrotophos (0.05%) or Malathion (0.1%) at 10-15 days
interval contains aphid population effectively. To prevent recurrence of
the pest granular insecticides like Phorate @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha should be
applied to soil.
PESTS

31. Mustard Sawfly Athalia proxima
It is a serious pest of radish. the pest attack is observed in the
vegetative and flowering stage of the crop. the adult female lays
eggs inside the leaf tissue. the grubs after hatching from the eggs
feed on the leaves by making small holes.
Control:
Hand picking of larvae when the area involved is small, or
spraying with Malathion 50 EC (1ml/litre of water) twice at an
interval of 10 days is recommended.

32. Ptd by:
sachinge.anu@gmail.com