This document discusses safety in industrial settings. It covers several topics related to safety including accident history, causes of accidents, costs of accidents, and safety organization. Accidents can result from human error, mechanical failure, or acts of nature. They cause injuries, deaths, equipment damage, and loss of productivity. Establishing a strong safety culture and organization is important to reduce accidents, lower costs, and improve employee health and morale.

1. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

2. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
CHAPTER 5
ACCIDENT HISTORY
FUNDAMENTALS OF SAFETY:
INJURY OR DEATH OF A WORKER
DAMAGE TO THE PLANT AND EQUIPTMENTS
DISRUPTION TO THE PLANT AND EQUIPTMENTS
LOWERS MORALE OF PERSONNEL
PROLONGED ABSENCE OF TRAINED WORKER FOR TREATMENT

3. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
ACCIDENTS MAY OCCUR DUE TO:
a) HUMAN ERROR 88% ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO UNSAFE PRACTICE LACK OF
FORESIGHT WRONG ATTITUDE ETC.
b) MECHANICAL FAILURE. 105 ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO PLANT CONDITIONS
EQUIPTMENTS OR TOOL FAILURE
c) ACTS OF NATURE ONLY 2% ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO WEATHER FLOOD OR
CYCLONE IT IS NECESSARY TO ELIMINATE UNSAFET ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITIONS
TO AVOID ACCIDENTS SAFETY CAN BE DEFINED AS FREEDOM FROM THOSE
CONDITIONS THAT CAN CAUSE INJURY DEATH TO PERSON OR DAMAGE TO
EQUIPTMENT OR PROPERTY

4. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
SAFETY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE:
ACCIDENTS CAUSE PAIN AND SUFFERING
ACCIDENTS ARE COSTLY
ACCIDENTS REFLECT MORALE AND DECREASE PRODUCTIVITY
ACCIDENTS REFLECT POORLY ON THE MANAGEMENT
COST OF PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IS LOWER THAN COST OF HANDLING

5. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
UNSAFE CONDITIONS AND UNSAFE ACTS RESULTS IN ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
LOSS OF PRODUCTION/PROJECT FOR THE MANAGEMENT
LOSS OF THE EMPLOYEE EARNINGS
DAMAGE TO THE PLANT AND MACHINERY
PREMATURE DEATH OF EMPLOYEE
PAIN/SUFFERING/HARDSHIPS TO THE INJURED EMPLOYEE AND HIS FAMILY
EXPENSES ON MEDICAL AID
EXPENSES ON RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF NEW EMPLOYEES

6. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
DETERIORATIONS IN EMPLOYER EMPLOYEES RELATIONS
LOSS OF EMPLOYEES MORALE
DROP IN PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ORGANIZATION
LOSS OF REPUTATION
SAFETY IN THE INDUSTRY HELPS IN:
i. IMPROVING PRODUCTION/PRODUCTIVITY
ii. REDUCING PRODUCTION COST
iii. REDUCING DAMAGE TO PLANT AND MACHINERY
iv. PREVENTING PREMATURE DEATH OF SKILLED WORKERS
v. AVOIDING NEEDLES PAIN AND SUFFERINGS TO THE SUFFERINGS TO THE EMPLOYEES
AND THEIR FAMILIES

7. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
SAFETY ORGANIZATION:
1. THE COMPANY SHALL HAVE A SAFETY ORGANIZATION TO COORDINATE MONITOR
PROMOTE AND ENHANCE THE SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL HELATH ACTIVITIES OF THE
PLANT AND OTHER UNITS
2. THE SAFETY DEPARTMENTS WILL BE MANNED BY PROFESSIONALLY QUALIFIED
PERSONS AS PER THE STATUTORY PROVISIONS
3. THE SAFETY DEPARTMENTS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS
ACCIDENTS PREVENTRION CONTROL REPORTING AND ANALYSIS
SAFETY PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES TO CREATE A CLIMATE CONDUCXTIVE FOR SAFETY
CONSCIOUSNESS CULTIVATION OF SAFETY CULTURE AND SAFE WOREKING HABITS
AMONG ALL EMPLOYEES.
TO ORGANIZE PROGRAMMES FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION ON SAFETY AND
 TO ENSURE USE OF APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PRPTECTIVE EQUIPTMENT BY THE
EMPLOYEES

8. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
THE POLICY:
1. THE SAEFTY AND HEALTH OF ALL EMPLOYEES IS ONE OF THE PRIME CONCERNS OF
THE COMPANY
2. THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY OF THE COMPANY IS TO SERVE AS
AN INSTRUCMENT FOR CREATING AWARENESS ABOUT SAFE AND HEALTHY WORK
PRACTICES AND FOR MAINTAINING SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG
THE EMPLOYEES AT ALL LEVELS OF THE ORGANIZATIONS
3. ALL THE MAIN UNITS AND SUPPORTIVE UNITS OF THE COMPANY WILL ADOPT
TECHNIQUES FOR MANUFACTURING HANDLING AND DISPOSING OFF ALL THE
SUBSTANCES SAFETY WITHOUT CREATING UNACCEPTABLES RISK TO EQUIPTMENTS
ENOUGH TO PREVENT HAZARDS OR THE ENVIRONMENT

9. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
4. THE COMPANY WILL ADOPT SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS WHERE LAWS
REGULATIONS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE OR PROTECTIVE ENOUGH TOM PREVENT
HAZARDS
5. EVERY EMPLOYEE OF THE COMPANY WILL BE REQUIRED TO ADHERE TO THE POLICY
BOTH IN LETTER AND IN SPIRIT
6. THE COMPANY SHALL COMPLY STRICTLY WITH ALL RELEVANT ACT LAWS RULES AND
REGULATIONS OF THE STATE AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS
7. MANAGEMENT WILL HAVE ALL AUTHORITY TO TAKE RESOURCES TO ACTION FOR
VIOLATION OF STATUTORY PROVISION ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AS WELL AS THE
RULES AND PROCEDURES FRAMED FOR THE PURPOSE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
STANDING ORDERS OR RULES FRAMED FOR THIS PURPOSE
8. THE COMPANY SHALL IMPART TRAINING IN HEALTH SAFETY AND OCCUAPTIONAL
HEALTH TO ALL EMPLOYEES SO THAT THE EMPLOYEES ARE ENABLES TO POSSESS TH
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING TO CARRYOUT THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THEIR JOBS WITHOUT ENDANGERING THEMSELVES OTHER
EMPLOYEES PLANT EQUIPTMENT ENVIRONMENT AND PRODUCTS

10. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
CONTRIBUTORY CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS:
i. MENTAL CONDITIONS OF THE WORKER TO INCLUDE
 IMMATURE AGE OF WORKER
 INEXPERIENCE
 IMPROPER ATTITUDES
 LACK OF CO ORDINATION
 LACK OF CONCENTRATION TO WORK

11. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
ii. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE WORKER TO INCLUDE
 EXTREMELY FATIGUED
 PHYSICALLY UNQUALIFIED FOR THE JOB
 PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED
 BAD STATE OF HEALTH
iii. SUPERVISORY SAFETY PERFORMANCE TO INCLUDE
 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS NOT GIVEN
 SAFETY RULES NOT ENFORCED
 HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS NOT CORRECTED
 POOR DISCIPLINE

12. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
iv. ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES TO INCLUDE
 INSUFFICIENT ILLUMINATION
 INSUFFICIENT VENTILLATION
 EXTREME TEMPERATURE
 EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURE
 EXCESSIVE NOISE AND VIBRATIONS
 UNSAFE WORKING SPEEDS
 TOXIC ENVIRONMENT
 LONG WORKING HOURS
 EXTREME PRESSURE OF WORK

13. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
DOMINO MULTIPLE CAUSTION THEORY:
 ACCIDENTS ARE THE RESULTS OF MANY CONTRIBUTORY FAUSES AND SUB CAUSES
RANDOM COMBINATION OF SUCH FACTORS RESULT INTO ACCIDENTS
THE FERRELL THEORY:
ACCIDENTS ARE THE RESULTS OF HUMAN ERRORS
HUMAN ERRORS RESULTS BECAUSE OF CAUSAL CHAIN OF OVERLOAD SITUATIONAL
INCOMPATIBILITY INCORRECT RESPONSE ACCIDENTS

14. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
INDIRECT COSTS:
COST OF TIME LOST OF THE TEAMMATES OF THE INJURED PERSONS WHO STOP WORK
COST OF TIME LOST OF THE FELLOW EMPLOYEES WHO STOP WORK
OUT OF CURIOSITY
OUT OF SYMPATHY
TO ASSIST INJURED EMPLOYEE
COST OF TIME LOST OF THE SUPERVISORS FOREMEN AND OTHER EXECUTIVES
ASSISTING INJURED PERSONS
MAKING SUBSTITUTE ARRANGEMENT
INVESTIGATING THE CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS
PREPARING ACCIDENT REPORTS
ATTENDING HEARING BEFORE THE STATE OFFICIALS
SELECTING AND TRAINING OF THE NEW WORKER TO FILL VACANCY

15. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
ACCIDENTS COST TO THE SOCIETY:
THE FAMILY OF THE INJURED EMPLOYEES SUFFERS PAIN HARDSHIPS AND FINANCIAL
LOSS
THE SOCIETY BEARS THE SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL BURDEN OF MAINTENANCE OF ALL
INJURED PARSONS AND THEIR FAMILIES
THE SOCIETY AS CONSUMERS PAY INCREASED COST OF PRODUCTION DUE TO DIRECT
AND INDIRECT COSTS INCURRED BY THE MANAGEMENT EHICH ARE ULTIMATELY PASSED
ON THE CONSUMER
AIM OF AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
EVERY ACCIDENTS HAS SOME UNDERLYING CAUSES UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE
CONDITIONS
ACCIDENTS EXHIBITS A PARTICULAR PATTERNS OF OCCURENCES
IDENTIFY HIGH RISK JOBS OR WORK AREAS.
IDENTIFY FACTORS THAT CAN CAUSE ACCIDENTS

16. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
TYPES OF REPORTS AND RECORDS
FIRST AID REPORTS
ACCIDENTS REPORTS
ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION REPORTS
ACCIDENTS PARTICULAR CARDS
SAFETY EDUCATION AND TRAINING REPORTS
THE PURPOSE OF AN ACCIDENT RECORD
TO EVALUATE THE MAGNITUDE OF THE ACCIDENT PROBLEMS
TO IDENTIFY THE HIGH RATE OF ACCIDENT PROBLEMS
TO PROVIDE THE DATA FOR ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS
TO CREATE INTEREST AMONG THE WORKERS
TO MEASURE THE EFFECIENCY OF THE PRESENCE SAFETY PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES
TO TAKE ANY CHANGE IF NECESSARY

17. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION
 SHOULD BE FACT FINDING
ALL THE ACCIDENTS SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED
INVESTIGATE EACH CLUE
SUGGEST SUITABLE AND PRACTICAL PREVENTIVE MEASURES
ENQUIRE THE EACH WITNESS SEPARATELY
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SHOULD BE DONE IMMEDIATEDLY AFTER THE INCIDENT
ACCIDENT

18. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
THE PURPOSE OF AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
TO DETERMINE THE CAUSES SO THAT THE SIMILAR ACCIDENTS CAN BE PREVENTED BY
SUPERVISORS BY MEANS OF WORK PLACE IMPROVEMENTS & TRAINING ETC.
TO DETERMINE CHANGE OR DEVIATION THAT PRODUCE AN ERROR THAT INTERN
RESULTED IN AND ACCIDENT
TO DESIGN AND PLAN FOR SUITABLE TRAINING
TO PUBLICIZE THE PARTICULAR HAZARDS AMONG EMPLOYEES AND SUPERVISORS TO
DIRECT ATTENTION TO ACCIDENT PREVENTION

19. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS:
i. FUNCTION WISE (I.E DEPARTMENT/SECTION WHERE ACCIDENT OCCURRED?)
PRODUCTION
MAINTENANCE
STORES
CONSTRUCTION
CONSERVANCY
CIVIL

20. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
II. OPERATION WISE(I.E OPERATION WHICH CAUSED THE ACCDIENTS?)
TURNING
DRILLING
MILLIN
GRINDING
WELDING
FITTING
PAINTING
MATERIALS HANDLING

21. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
iii. AGENCY WISE(I.E WHAT CAUSED THE ACCIDENTS)
MATERIALS HANDLING
PARTS OF MACHINERY
BURNS
SPLASH OF CHEMICALS
FALLING BODY
SLIPPERY FLOOR/PRODUCING OBJECTS
ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
iv. PART OF THE BODY WISE (WHICH POART OF THE BODY WAS INJURED?)
HEAD
EYE
FACE
FINGERS
LEGS
TOES ETC.

22. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
PREVETING UNSAFE ACTS
i. CORRECTIVE ACTION BY SUPERVISORY STAFF:A WELL TRAINED SUPERVISOR ON
THE SHOP FLOOR CAN EASILY DETECT UNSAFE ACTS WHILE SUPERVISING WORK OF
HIS WORKFORCE AND EVEN TAKE STEPS TO ERADICATYE SUCH ACTS SPECIAL
EFFORTS HOWEVER MAY BE REQUIRED ON HIS PART TO OVERCOME LONG
OUTSTYANDING BAD HABITS OF SOME OF HIS WORKERS
ii. COMPULSORY USE OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPTMENT: USE OF PROTECTIVE STEEL TOED
SHOES HELMETS GOGGLES ETC BY THE EMPLOYEES MUST BE MADE COMPULSORY
WORKMEN NOT OBSERVING THE RULES SHOULD BE EDUCATED CAUTIONED
WARNED AND DISCIPLINE

23. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
SIZE
NO RIGID SIZE THEY SHOULD BE SUITABLE SIZE
STOCKED
STOCK MAY BE PREPARED FROM CLOTHY OR JUTE OR PAPER BOARD DEPENDING UPON
THE USE TO WHICH THEY ARE TO BE PUT
TAG REINFORCEMENT
WHEN NECESSARY THEY MAY BE REINFORCEED
HOLE
THE DIAMETER OF THE HOLE OF THE TAG MAY BE VARYING IT IS GENERALLY KEPT AS 5
MM AS N ADDITIONAL REINFORCEMENT METAL EYELETS MAY BE INSERTED IN TO THE
HOLE
TAG
TAG MAY BE ATTACHED TO THE REINFORCING SUBSTANCE WITH WATER PROOF AND
ADHESIVE WHEN IT IS SUBJECT ABNORMAL HUMID CONDITIONS
TAG ATTACHMENT
THEY SHALL BE ATTCHED EITHER BY A TWICE OR STEEL WIRE

24. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
HAZARD CHECK LIST
a) HOUSE KEEPING: STATE WHETHER OR NOT AISLES ARE CLEAR STOCK PROPERLY
PILED FLOORS FREE FROM SLIPPING AND TIPPING HAZARDS AND WORK AREA
ORDERLY
b) MACHINE HAZARDS: STATE WHAT GUARDS ARE FOUND NOT IN USE AND WHERE
GUARDS SHOULD BE PROPVIDED THIS SHOULD INCLUDE GEARS SPROCKETS CHAINS
BOLTS SHAFTING ETC.
c) FIRE HAZARDS:
• OVER FLOW PANS
i. ARE ALL FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES AND FIRE EXISTS READY FOR IMMEDIATE USE?
ii. ARE INFLAMMABLE MATERIALS PROPERLY HANDLED AND STORED
d) PROTECTIVE EQUIPTMENT: ARE GOGGLES RESPIRATIONS SAFETY CAPS AND OTHER
EQUIPTMENT BEING WORM AS REQUIRED JEWELLERY RINGS AND WRIST WATCH
ARE A SOURCE OF DANGER AROUND MOVING MACHINERY

25. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
e) ELECTRICAL EQUIPTMENT: NOTE CONDITIONS OF SWITCHES OUTLETS LIGHT CORDS
AND GROUNDS WIRES
f) TOOLS
i. ARE PROPER TOOLS BEING USED FOR EACH JOB
ii. ARE HANDLES MISSING FROM FILES CHISLES MUSHROOMED HAMMERS
WRENCHES AND SCREW DRIVERS DEFECTIVE? ARE FEEDS AND SPEEDS PROPERLY
SET?
g) GENERAL CONDITIONS:
i. ARE BOARD WITH NAILS LEFT ON FLOOR?
ii. ARE LADDERS STRAITS GUARDS AND OTHER EQUIPTMENT IN NEED OF REPAIR
iii. IS CUTTING FLUID LIKELY TO SPILL ON THE FLOOR?
COLOR CODING:
RED:USED EXCLUSIVELY IN CONNECTION WITH FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPTMENT

26. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
ORANGE: INDICATES DANGEROUS POINTS OF MACHINERY THAT CUT CRUSH SHOCK
OTHERWISW INJURE
YELLOW:THE UNIVERSAL SIGNAL FOR CAUTION IT IS USED MOST OFTEN TO MARK AREAS
WHEN THERE IS TRIPPING FALLING STORING AGAINST OR BEING CAUGHT IN BETWEEN
HAZARDS
GREEN:THE BASIC SAFETY COLOR IT SHOULD BE USED TO INDICATE THE LOCATION OF
FIRST AID EQUIPTMENT GAS MASKS SAFETY DELUGE SHOWERS AND SAFETY BULLETIN
BOARDS
BLUE:A CAUTIONARY COLOR IT IS A SPECIFIC WARNING AGAINST STARTING THAT
EQUIPTMENT AS ELEVATORS BOILERS SCAFFOLDINGS LADDERS AND SO FORTH

27. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
COURSES:
 Diploma in occupational Health And Safety
 Diploma in industrial safety
 Diploma in electrical safety
 Diploma in fire fighting
 Diploma in construction safety
 Certificate in fire and safety engineering
 Diploma in fire and safety engineering
 PG diploma in fire and safety engineering
 Certificate in oil and Gas safety
 Diploma in oil and Gas safety
 Diploma in health ,safety and Environment
 PG diploma in Health ,safety Environment

28. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
JOB PLACEMENT :
NSA will give100% job placement assistance to all successful candidates. Some of the
Industries are listed below.
Oil Refineries,
Port trust,
Airport,
Chemical Industries,
Insurance,
Construction and
service industries are main job providers.
Students passed out from this institute can find job opportunities as Safety Supervisor,
Safety Inspector, Safety Officer, Safety Manager, Fireman and Fire Officer.

29. NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY
Contact us:
No. 714, 1st Floor, M.T.H Road,
Mannurpet, Chennai – 600 050.
+91 7667442300
Ph: 26242038 ,26242318
Mobile No:8643055672
Website – http://safetyacademy.in/
Email : info@safetyacademy.in