2. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION
• DEFINITION:
THE USE OR INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT IN A MANUFACTURING
OR OTHER PROCESS OR FACILITY
In simple words: The process through which each and every work is carried by itself in any plant
or system .
Used mainly for
Higher productivity
Superior quality of end products
Effective usage of energy and raw materials
Improved safety in working conditions
3. TYPES AND METHODS
AUTOMATION CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO THREE
CATEGORIES:
• MICRO PURPOSE:
USED IN SMALL PURPOSES LIKE DIGITAL WATCH, AUTOMATIC WASHING
MACHINE STREET SOLAR LIGHTINGS
METHOD USING MICROPROCESSORS
• MINI PURPOSE:
USED IN ROBOTICS, MACHINERIES LIKE CAT-SCAN, MRI, COMPUTERS, LIFTS,
PRINTERS, CCTV CAMERAS
METHOD USING MICROCOMPUTERS
• LARGE PURPOSE:
USED IN LARGE FACTORIES, PLANTS, INDUSTRIES, ROCKET LAUNCHING
METHOD PLC, SCADA, DSC
4. Development of Control System
Manual Control Hardwired Logic Control
Electronics Control
Pneumatic Control Hydraulics Control PLC Control
5. PLC
• PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
• AN INDUSTRIAL COMPUTER THAT MONITORS INPUTS, MAKES DECISIONS BASED
ON ITS PROGRAM AND CONTROLS OUTPUTS TO AUTOMATE A PROCESS OR
MACHINE
• THE AUTOMATION OF MANY DIFFERENT PROCESSES SUCH AS CONTROLLING
MACHINES OR FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINES, IS DONE THROUGH THE USE OF SMALL
COMPUTERS CALLED PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
6. WHY PLC???
• REDUCE HUMAN EFFORTS
• MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY
• REDUCE COMPLEX CIRCUITRY
• ELIMINATE THE HIGH COSTS
