Essay Writing
• ► Short piece of writing.
• ► On a particular subject.
• ► In lucid, readable and understandable manner.
Why Essay Writing Is Important?
• Ability to read and write: Think, organize and communicate Formal And
Disciplined Approach: Communicates clearly and with authority
Exploring and Consolidating: what you are learning.
NSU 1

Characteristics of Essay
 ► Unity
 ► Order
 ► Concise
 ► Style (Simple, direct and Natural)
 ► Personal Touch
NSU 2

Essay writing Steps
• 1. Define your subject.
• 2. Think and Jot down points.
• 3. Organize in suitable headings.
• 4. Arrange heading as per the structure.
• ✔ introduction ✔ Body ✔ conclusion
• 5. Create Outline.
• 6. Fill paragraphs.
• 7. Revise, Edit and write.
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Types of Essays
• ► Narrative.
• ► Descriptive.
• ► Expository.
• ► persuasive.
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Narrative Essay
• ► Telling story about a real life experience.
• ► All narrative essays include characters, setting, climax.
• ► Try to involve reader by making story more interesting.
• ► Always write in first person “I” sentence give readers a feeling of
being part of story.
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Descriptive Essay
• ► Describing the traits and characteristics of people, events, and feelings in
detail.
• ► Here writer should show , not tell through the use of colorful words and
sensory details.
• ► Explain the characteristics of subject or object.
• ► Writer should try to involve the reader’s senses and emotions.
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Structure Of Essay
Introduction • It explains the topic with general ideas
• It has a thesis statement which is a sentence with the main idea
Body • It explains and support the thesis statement
• There must be one or more paragraphs
Conclusion It summarizes or restart the thesis and the supporting ideas
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The Opening Paragraph characteristics
• ► Avoid Waffle
• ► Hook (Optional)
• ► General statement
• ► Thesis statement
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Continued
• ► In your opening paragraphs, you can usefully emphasize the approach
you are going to take by using phrases such as:
• ✔ In this essay I intend to explore …
• ✔ This essay will discuss …
• ✔ This essay will focus on …
• ✔ In order to discuss …, I will analyze …
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…Continued
• Start dealing with the topic of the question or assignment from the very first sentence.
• ► Say something specific in the very first sentence and continue that for the rest of the
paragraph.
• ► Indicate in this opening paragraph what approach you are going to take in the
remainder of the essay.
• ► Address the topic from the first sentence on, but don’t try to pack everything into this
first paragraph. You have the body of your essay in which to examine or discuss in detail
• ► Aim to write an opening paragraph of four or five sentences.
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Expository Essay
• ► Expository essay explores the different angles of a specific topic to provide
information in logical, straightforward and objective manner to the reader.
• ► Write should explain the topics by providing facts, statistics and examples.
• ► Based on facts and figures not on personal feelings.
• ► Writers should not reveal their emotions or write in the first person “I”.
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The Opening Paragraph
• ► Avoid writing ‘waffle’ in your opening paragraph.
• ► Waffle is making generalized, empty statements that could apply to a whole
range of topics, but which manage to say nothing relevant in answer to the
question.
• ► For example:
• This is a very important issue and there are many different approaches that can
be taken in regard to it. Many experts have considered this matter, but no one has
come up with proven solutions. There are arguments for and against and many
people feel very strongly about it
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Example of Opening Paragraph
• The Internet has revolutionized the modern world, but it has also created
new problems and inequalities. Do you agree?
• It is undoubted that the Internet has gained in popularity over recent
decades thanks to its enormous benefits. As a result, the internet has
obviously transformed much of our society.
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Example of Opening Paragraph
• However, not only does the rapid development of the internet have certain
positive impacts, but it also poses a serious threat of burning issues and
inequalities. Thus, I personally agree with the perspective that the internet
is a double-edged sword as the reasons stated below.
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The Body of the Essay
• ► Typically consists of about three paragraphs
• ► DEAL WITH ONE MAIN POINT PER PARAGRAPH
• • A topic sentence followed by a development of that point using specific example and
illustration.
• • The last sentence in this section should be a transitional one. Try to make a statement
that sums up the last paragraph, while also introducing the new topic. EX:
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Body of essay
Not only do teen drivers’ decisions show a marked lack of judgment, but
they also show a problematic lack of experience.
• ► CONTINUITY Your essay must have the appearance of a continuous,
coherent and integrated whole with each section linking with the previous
section.
NSU 16

Examples of Linking Words and Phrases
• Another essential feature of …
• ► While it can be argued that …, it is also true that …
• ► However, many critics disagree with this …
• ► To counter this argument, …
• ► Nevertheless, the evidence is that …
• ► Secondly, …
• ► Therefore, …
• ► Thus, …
NSU 17

Examples of Linking Words and Phrases
• ► Finally, …
• ► The bulk of the available evidence, then, points to
• ► the fact that …
• ► On the contrary, …
• ► Having analyzed this aspect, I would now like to …
• ► Furthermore, …
• ► In order to emphasize this point, I would like to point to …
• ► Moreover, there are other convincing arguments to back up …
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Persuasive Essay
• ► Persuasive essay tires to convince the reader to accept a particular point of
view or take a specific action.
• ► Good persuasive essay demonstrates not only why the writer’s opinion is
correct but also why the opposing view is incorrect.
• ► Writing persuasive essay needs some research and a solid understanding of
both sides of argument.
• ► It is also necessary to know about the general readers opinion on the specific
topic.
• ► Write an expository essay about “After effects of flood in the affected area” ?
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The Closing Paragraph
• ► The function of the closing paragraph is to round off the essay appropriately.
• ► The essay may have asked you to make some kind of judgment and this is
where you have to express that judgment and summarize the reasons for it.
• ► It is wise practice to refer back to the evidence or arguments you have been
making in the body of the essay. Of course, you do not restate the same points,
but you must find a way of summing up that brings the essay to an emphatic
conclusion
NSU 20

The closing paragraph.
• . Try to avoid, however, mindlessly repeating exactly the arguments or
content you have used earlier.
• ► Find a fresh and concise way of re-emphasizing the conclusion you
have come to.
• ► New topics or ideas that were not developed in the paper should not be
introduced.
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Final Sentence
• ► A neat, rounding-off sentence that leaves your reader with something to think
about is a sound practice in essay-writing.
• ► It can also contain words of advice or recommendation.
• In conclusion, I once again assert that the Internet has salutary effects on modern
life, but it has been troubled with problems at the same time. Personally,
Example 1 of the Closing Paragraph
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Examples of closing sentence.
• I think that the internet is an amazing tool of searching and gaining new
information and be updated, and the benefits of accessing it definitely
outweigh the dangers. However, we should use it carefully.
NSU 23

Write an Essay
• a) Argue the case for or against the banning of smoking in all public
places.
• b) Which is your favorite character from the set books you have read?
Give the reasons for your choice and an analysis of how the character is
represented by the author.
• c) ‘The warming of the planet is the most serious issue that faces mankind
today.’ Discuss this statement.
•
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Write an essay.
• d) Many people feel strongly that health services should be provided by
the government and should be freely available. Others argue that only
privatized health care can provide good quality health services. To what
extent do you believe that health and medical services should be
privatized?
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Thank You
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