1. ASSESSMENT OF HIGHER MOTOR
FUNCTIONS

2. What are the higher motor functions.?
 SENSORIUM
 PERCEPTION
 SPEECH DIFFICULTIES

3. Why there is a need of assessing.?

4. SENSORIUM
 The sensorium is that place where you are aware that you are
aware.
 FUNCTION
 Registers current internal and external contingencies
 Relates current internal and external stimuli to our
memories and to our future hopes and desires

5.  Invests the streams of afferent stimuli with emotion,determines
their significance and assigns priority whether to attend or
neglect
 Proposes various actions and their consequences
 Directs the motor system in the actual behaviors that achieve
personal survival and satisfaction
 It allows us to experience life as a conscious process with a past
present and future to respond appropriately

6. Parts of sensorium
 Consciousness
 Attention span
 Orientation
 Memory
 Fund of information
 Insight,judgement and planning

9. PERCEPTION
 PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS:-
 Illusions
 Hallucinations
 Delusions
 Agnosia
 Apraxia

10. AGNOSIA
 It is the inability to understand the meaning, import, or
symbolic sihgnificance of ordinary sensory stimuli even
though the sensory pathways and sensorium are relatively
intact

11. Types of Agnosia
 Agraphognosia(agraphesthesia)
 Prosopagnosia
 Body scheme/body image disorders
 Topagnosia
 Autotopagnosia
 Right left disorientation
 Left side hemispatial inattention
 Anosognosia
 Inattention to double simultaneous cutaneous stimuli
 Finger ground discrimination
 Form discrimination
 Spatial relations
 Topographic disorientation
 Depth and distance perception
 Vertical disorientation

12. APRAXIA
 It means the inability to perform a voluntary act even though
the motor system sensory system and mental status are
relatively intact

13. Types of Apraxia
 Face tongue apraxia
 Arm (ideomotor) apraxia
 Ideational apraxia
 Constructional apraxia
 Dressing apraxia
 Gait apraxia
 Global apraxia in children

14. SPEECH DISORDERS
 APHASIA:- it means the ability to understand or express
words as symbols for communication,even though the
primary sensorimotor pathways to receive and express
language and the mental status are relatively intact

15. Types of Aphasia
 Brocca’ aphasia
 Wernicke’s aphasia
 Global aphasia
 Conduction aphasia
 Transcortical motor aphasia
 Transcortical sensory aphasia

16. Other speech difficulties
 Aphonia
 Dysarthria
 Dysphasia
 dysprosody

17. Examination
 History
 Analysis of dysphasia
 Preliminary information
 Spontaneous speech
 Comprehension
 Naming objects
 Repitition
 Reading
 Writing
 Calculation

18. Level of consciousness
 Drowsiness
 Stupor
 Coma
 Confusion or disorientation
 Delirium
 Catatonia

19.  ....VAIODesktopaone.pdf
 ....VAIODesktopgcs.docx
 ....VAIODesktopneurological_examination.pdf
 ....VAIODesktopRivermead Perceptual Assessment
Battery.docx
 ....VAIODesktopTheAVPU scale has only four possible
outcomes for recording.docx
 ....VAIODesktopTHE MENTAL STATUS
EXAMINATION.pdf

20.  Test for finger agnosia
 Sauguet’s test
 Finger ground discrimination
 The ayres figure ground test
 Spatial relations test
 Rivermead perceptual assessment battery
 Arnadottir OT-ADL NEUROBEHAVIORAL EVALUATION
 For combined apraxia agnosia and aphasia test
 Halstead reitan battery for cerebral dysfunction

26. References
 William deyer,Technique of the neurologic examination,5th
edition
 John spillane, Bickerstaff’s neurological examination clinical
practice, 6th edition
 Susan B O’ Sullivan,Thomas J Schmitz, Physical
rehabilitation, 5th edition

27. THANKYOU