The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the twelve cranial nerves. It is composed of a small motor root and a considerably larger sensory root. The three branches of the sensory root supply the skin of the entire face and the mucous membrane of the cranial viscera and oral cavity, except the pharynx and base of the tongue.

1. TRIGEMINAL NERVE
SUBMITTED TO - PRESENTED BY-
DR. SIMARPREET SINGH DR. SAKSHI SHUKLA
DR. NEHA GUPTA MDS FIRST YEAR (2018)
DR. MANU BATRA PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
DR. VIKRAM AGGARWAL
DR. YOGESH GARG
DR. SUMIT GOYAL
DR. ANSHIKA SHARMA

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 MOTOR AND SENSORY ROOTS
 DIVISIONS OF SENSORY ROOTS
I. OPTHALMIC DIVISION
II. MAXILLARY DIVISION
III. MANDIBULAR DIVISION
 CLINICALASPECTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Trigeminal nerve is the largest of the twelve cranial nerves.
 It is composed of a small motor root and a considerably larger sensory
root.
 The three branches of the sensory root supply the skin of the entire face
and the mucous membrane of the cranial viscera and oral cavity, except
the pharynx and base of the tongue.

4. MOTOR AND SENSORY ROOT

5. MOTOR ROOT- arises separately from sensory root
Originates in the pons and medulla oblongata.
Supplies the following muscle-
o Masticatory muscle
o Mylohyoid
o Anterior belly of digastric
o Tensor tympani
o Tensor veli palatini

6. Sensory root fibres of the trigeminal
nerve constitute the central process of the
ganglion cells located in the trigeminal
ganglion. The three sensory divisions of
the trigeminal nerves are-
o The ophthalmic division
o The maxillary nerve
o The mandibular division

8. OPTHALMIC DIVISION
 First branch of trigeminal
nerve
 Smallest of the three divisions
 Divides into three main
branches
o Nasociliary nerve –ant
ethmoidal & external nasal
o Frontal nerve
o Lacrimal nerve

10. Maxillary division
o It comprises the principal functions of
sensation from the maxillary, nasal cavity,
sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of
the mid-face.
o It is intermediate, both in position and size,
between the ophthalmic nerve and the
mandibular nerve.

11. MAXILLARY NERVE
Begins middle of the trigeminal ganglion
leaves the skull through foramen rotundum,
It then crosses the pterygopalatine fossa,
enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure.
runs forward on the floor of the orbit, at first in the infraorbital groove
and then in the infraorbital canal.
It then emerges on the face through the infraorbital foramen
Begins middle of the trigeminal ganglion
leaves the skull through foramen rotundum,
it then crosses the pterygopalatine fossa,
enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure.
Runs forward on the floor of the orbit, at first in the infraorbital groove and then in
the infraorbital canal.
It then emerges on the face through the infraorbital foramen

12. Branches of maxillary division
IN THE CRANIUM :
Middle meningeal nerve in
the meninges
FROM THE PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
o Zygomatic nerve
o nasopalatine nerve
o Posterior superior alveolar nerve
o Greater and lesser palatine nerves
o Pharyngeal nerve
IN THE INFRAORBITAL
CANAL :
o Middle superior alveolar nerve
o Anterior superior alveolar nerve
ON THE FACE-
Inferior palpebral nerve
Superior labial nerve
lateral nasal nerve

15. MANDIBULAR NERVE
Largest branch of trigeminal
nerve
Mixed nerve with two roots:
large sensory and small
motor

16. Sensory root of mandibular division originates at the inferior angle of the trigeminal
ganglion, motor root arises in motor cells located in pons and medulla oblongata.
2 roots emerge from cranium separately through foramen ovale, motor lying medial to
sensory
They unite just outside the skull to form the main trunk of third division
This trunk remains undivided for only 2-3 mm before it splits into a small anterior and a
large posterior divisions

17. Branches of mandibular divisions
Branches from undivided
nerve
Nervous spinosus Nerve to internal pterygoid

18. Dividednerve
Anterior division
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
muscle
Nerve to masseter muscle
Nerve to temporal muscle
Anterior deep temporal
Posterior deep temporal
Buccal nerve
Posterior division
Auriculotemporal nerve
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Incisive brach(dental
branches)
Mental nerve

21. APPLIED ANATOMY
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Sudden, usually unilateral severe, brief,
stabbing lancinating, recurring pain in the
distribution of one or more branches of the
trigeminal Nerve.

23.  TRIGEMINAL NEUROPATHY
sensory loss of face or weakness of
the jaw muscles
causes-
o sjogren syndrome,
o herpes zoster,
o leprosy

24. HERPES ZOSTER
OPTHALMICUS
Recurrent neurocutaneous infection
in opthalmic Division
most frequently affecting
nasociliary branch

25. GRADENIGOS SYNDROME
defined as a clinical triad of -
otitis media,
severe pain originating from the
trigeminal nerve
ipsilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy.

26. CONCLUSION
With the understanding of the trigeminal nerve, the clinician
can greatly begin to appreciate that what may appear to be a
simple diagnosis of a painful problem can oftentimes be
complicated and frustrating. As dentist, it is our responsibility
to thoroughly understand the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve
so that we may be affective diagnosticians first and hopefully,
effective managers of the pain complaints of our patients and
spread the awareness about it.

27. THANK YOU