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A global scale intervention, A local scale integration: Developing the empty course grains of Tehran South
- 1. 1 1km 2km 3km 4km 5km A global scale intervention A local scale integration developing the empty course grains of Tehran South Sara Mehryar Mentors: Dr.Ir. Stephen Read Ir.Willem Hermans Azadeh Mashayekhi Master in Urbanism Jun 2012
- 3. 3 World cities Black holes Table of Black holes defined by Short, 2008 Map of Black holes defined by Short, 2008 Source: Author Source: Short, 2008 Globalisation and non world cities city country population Tehran Iran 10,700000 Dhaka Bangladesh 9,950,000 Khartoum Sudan 7,300,000 Kinshasa Congo 6,50,000 Lahore Pakistan 5,50,000 Baghdad Iraq 4,950,000 Rangoon Mynmar 3,550,000 Algiers Algeria 3,950,000 Abidjan Ivory Coast 3,850,000 Pyongyang North Korea 550,000 Chittagong Bangladesh 3,100,000 Source: Short, 2008 While it is important to identify world cities, it is also important to identify the lack of connectivity. Silences are as interesting as utterances. (Short, 2008)
- 4. 4 18% of the country’s population 44% of country’s financial services 48% of country’s high ranking officials 30% of the country’s employment in manufacturing industry 29% of country’s wholesale, retail, restaurants and hotels Tehran as a big Centrality
- 5. 5 International scale nodes City scale nodes Neighbourhood scale nodes Media Centre Recreational commercial Centre Creative Centre Historical Commercial Centre World Trade Centre Historical Religious Centre Socio-cultural Centre Tehran master plan, 2006 Future Vision of Tehran in a Global Network Tehran 20 years Vision development: 1. Tehran : Iranian-Islamic city 2. Tehran : Intelligent city 3. Tehran : Green City 4. Tehran: Secure City 5. Tehran: Sustainable and Coherent City 6. Tehran: Global City
- 6. 6 Uneven development in Tehran 1-70 70-130 130-200 200-300 300-400 Population density Land Price Literacy ratio An obvious division and polarization between North and South highest density of population is in the southern part of the city north of Tehran has the land price of three times more than the south The highest ratio of literate people is in the northern half of Tehran.
- 7. 7 shopping centre political nodes cultural nodes bank embassy hotel university sport Concentration of high quality function to the north
- 8. 8 urban decay Concentration of urban decays in south
- 9. 9 QUESTION How can a new CBD in empty coarse grains of south contribute in creating a balance between the north and south of Tehran? - What is the global role of Tehran among its region countries? - How can a balance be created between the north and south of Tehran by looking at south development potentialities? - what kind of finantial centrality can work for the city and for balancing the north and south development flow?
- 10. 10 SECTION 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Role of Tehran in global context
- 11. 11 GIS map of top 100 global multinational headquarters and their subsidiary networks. Source: Wall/v.d. Knaap, 2009. Figure 23 Context of global networks
- 12. 12 TE BG BT IS TUAG AM CA JD MM AB DU MU Introduction and Background Islamic Globalization IFS = Islamic Financial Services MENA = Middle East and North Africa Islamic rules and prohebitions
- 13. 13 Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, non-GCC MENA , 2009 Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, GCC, 2009 Percentage of Global Islamic Finanace provided by Iran in 2009 Islamic globalization 35.6% Report of Sharia Compliant assets by The Banker in 2009 Iran provided 35.6% of global Islamic finance Total Shariah Compliant Assets by Country, 2011 Source: The Banker, 2011
- 14. 14 Connectivity of 27 top ranked IFS cities.
- 15. 15 Regional Networks and connectivity The city of Tehran, even in worst political situation has its own connection to the world
- 17. 17 Tehran in 1890 Yvmhcœo—kŒGf—Y Yvmhcœy—v Yvmhcœa—iˆhYœu‘åhg¾Ó‹¤ Yvmhcœmz•vhœGi¡ Tothenorthvillages Tothenorthvillages Yosef-abad village RoadtoReyvillag King Garden Nazi abad village Road to Ghazvin Amir-abad village Beginning of Modernisation 1880-1906 Travel of the king to Europe and effect of the westernization on Persia. Extension of the new straight streets respecting the narrow tradi- tional ones The first influence of French devel- opment
- 18. 18 Tehran in 1890 Yosef-abad village Tothenorthvillages Tothenorthvillages Road to Ghazvin toRey toRey Ro Nazi abad village Tehran in 1937 Influence of Haussmann 1906 -1937 After the oil industry and expan- sion of the city. A new urban matrix especially through north and west were im- posed. inspired by a vision of a ‘modern city’ derived from Baron Hauss- mann. In the south we have the Emer- gence of the train station and some new periphery industrial functions.
- 19. 19 Tehran in 1953 Transformation after the WW2, 1937-1953 Tehran 1953 Again a Rapid expansion of popu- lation and growth of the city after ww2. Creation of different peripheral suburbs. Bourgeoisie suburbs developed in north and west where the climate were good and the working class suburb emerged in south and south west where the industry took place.
- 20. 20 Ray ToKhorasan Tehran in 1973 Road to Karaj The first planned structure, 1953 - 1978 Tehran 1973 The first planned structure called street system The expanded areas of north, west and eat were not the periphery of the city anymore. But south was still for settling of industry workers and poor immi- grants which turned the south into periphery of the city with industry and marginal identity.
- 21. 21 Tehran 2007 Fig (16) Source: Auther connecting the north and south through the network of the highways developing the south by adding green, public space and cultural facilities south is an imainpart part of the city with the marginal and industrial identity of the past
- 22. 22 Diagram of south growth layers First border of the city periphery industry function: Station, Siloo, Brick kilns, oil and fabric companies and military airport Second border of the city Marginalization: New complex housing for workers and immigrants - continious of industrial function through the road to Rey Third border of the city Rind road and green belt of the city, extension of the city out of the ring road Future: Second and Third ring roads - more extension to the south is predictable Source: Auther periphery of industrial function extension of industrial function alongside of the road to Ray
- 23. 23 SECTION 4. PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALITIES OF THE SOUTH
- 24. 24 1km 2km 3km 4km Main street Train line Highway Built Area Green Metro station Network and accessibility
- 25. 25 1km 2km 3km 4km Commercial lines
- 26. 26 1km 2km 3km 4km Squar (Meidan) Linear PS Commersial and cultural PS Park Public Spaces
- 27. 27 residential commercial urban service green transportation, storage and abandoned areas industry residential commercial urban service green transportation, storage and abandoned areas industry - Developing the missing urban fabric and structure of the south - Create the continuity of the residential areas in south of station - Preserve the ghale morghi coarse grain as the urban breath of the south and balancing the the growing density (Public space, park, sport complexes and fields, cultural centres ) - Use the station previous storage area as a new commercial centrality for decreasing the tension of bezar , use the existing network and connections, making a balance between the large grain land centralities in the north and south. (commercials, main squares, exhibitions, museum and administra- tion) - Use the pattern of aound of the bazaar and kind of functions which work in north large grain centralities - creat the duality of different scale of functions and usage fragmentation scattering fabric in the south intensive regular fabric in cemtre disconnection of main networks main historical streets from north to centre stop here and highways turn around the nodes to achieve the north land use polarization centrality of commercial administration and urban service functions in centre and industry, storage and transportation in south Conclusion of Problem Definitions
- 28. 28 Hypothesis Empty coarse grains of south have the potentiality to develope local integration and create a balance between the north and south
- 29. 29 highway metro train Problem definition of the south coarse urban grains Coarse urban grains of North and South have very good potentialities for the development of the city, but more attention have been paid for the North coarse grains it caused the south coarse grains to work as a barrier and impermeable grains instead of being a stregnth point.
- 30. 30 Ministries Cultural centres Public spaces TV tower one of the main hospital of the city Tehran university Ecological Park Tehran international fair TV buildings Sport&Entertainment Mellat park TV tower Milad Hospital Tehran University Ministry Ministry Ministry Museum Water and Fire Park Forest park Iran national library Cultural institute Islamic culture organization Administration Administration TV TOWER National Library main hospital of the city water and fire park
- 31. 31 1km 2km 3km 5km4km International Airport BALANCE BAZAAR fruit bazaar furniture bazaar water park furniturefurniturefurniturefurniture Strategy: Urban Nodes Balance
- 32. 32 SECTION 5. APPROACH AND DESIGN STRATEGY
- 33. 33 174 ha 282 ha 2km 1.6km 1.1km canary wharf: 37 ha la defense: 160 ha zuidas: 270 ha Two nodes size
- 34. 34 Ghale Morghi Land from Eat side souce: www.tinn.ir Study Area 1: Ghale Morghi Location and History
- 35. 35 Study Area2: Railway Location and History
- 36. 36 1km 2km 3km 5km4km International Airport Lowspeed Cityentrance BAZAAR Strategy Node of connection and node of high scale Between Bazaar and southern part It is the starting point of the biggest lines which connect Bazaar to the north. Also it is in the way of two main entrance road of the city from south continuing to Bazaar.
- 37. 37Strategy Node of connection and node of high scale 1km 2km 3km 5km4km International Airport Lowspeed Cityentrance BAZAAR 1km 2km 3km 5km4km International Highspeed Cityentrance an exception point which is surrounded by high- ways connecting north to the south in high speed network Does not have any connection to its surrounding neighbourhoods.
- 38. 38 1km 2km 3km 5km4km International Lowspeed Cityentrance BAZAAR Highspeed Cityentrance Strategy Node of connection and node of high scale - a connection and transferring node in south of Bazaar with extension of grid structure of Bazaar - a central node with a central distination, still be kept as an exception and attract the high scale interventions.
- 39. 39 park park park park park ehxibition history square square culture culture square square Stucture Element 1 Extension of planned structure of city to the unplanned part of south Extension of planned structure of city to the unplanned part of south extension of the two main streets of the city which connect bazaar to the north Linear centrality of the city from north to Bazaar can be extented to the south Vali-asr Vali-asrVali-asr
- 40. 40 Structure Element 2 Elimination of barriers Two km Tohid tunel in north of Bazaar Building a tunnel and sending the railway and highway underground
- 41. 41 Specialised streets wholesaling Local commercial streets middle scale commercial Joint Element one: Linear Commercial Laleh zar Naser khosro Istanbul Extension of linear commercials of Bazaar to the north through some famous streets
- 42. 42 new plaza from south entrance pedestrian route Toopkhuneh Square Toopkhuneh Square The main joint element of Bazaar and North Toopkhuneh Square Still the social attracting node of the city Program of first node Element two: Big Plaza toopkhaneh square which worked as the main mediator in between the old centre and north and it still works as the social attracting node of the city
- 43. 43 Program of the first node Joint Element Three: Cultur and Education concentration of cultural and educational nodes in the edge of bazaar and modern north Iran Basan museum Tehran University City theatre
- 44. 44
- 47. 47 bus terminal train station mix of commercial and residential science park Design Step 2
- 48. 48 bus terminal train station mix of commercial and residential science park public spaces architectural nodes Design Step 3
- 49. 49 bus terminal train station mix of commercial and residential science park public spaces architectural nodes mix of official and cultural Design Step 4
- 51. 51
- 52. 52 5 20 25 25 25 2577 8 5 60 40 1515 40 305 7713020 8 55 772030 8 Main Plaza Commercial line+cofe+resturant Commercial line+cofe+resturant cultural function Mix of commercial and residential Mix of official and cultural Small Plaza Science parkBook shop lineIconic project section between the iconic project land and science park with it education and bookstore line
- 53. 53 5 20 25 25 25 2577 8 5 60 40 1515 40 305 7713020 8 55 772030 8 Main Plaza Commercial line+cofe+resturant Commercial line+cofe+resturant cultural function Mix of commercial and residential Mix of official and cultural Small Plaza section between the big Plaza and the central cultural node
- 54. 54 5 60 40 1515 40 305 7713020 8 55 772030 8 Commercial line+cofe+resturant Commercial line+cofe+resturant Mix of commercial and residential Mix of official and cultural section between the cultural and commercial function
- 55. 55 Dallas downtown Portland downtown Enough Flexibility for Development Scenarios of modelling future land use patterns of large vacant lands. huge amount of empty land, uncertain future Proactive, Provides flexibility in land use, responsive to mar- ket demands, give time and capacity for future development Grid Sructure Diagram of a gid ctructure for the empty land of Ghale Morghi
- 56. 56 725 950 Green Corridor Structure; connecting to destinations and existing strcuture Connection to high scale destination Connection to low scale destination Existing highways Structure based on the existing structure of the city and global and local destinations
- 57. 57 Identity; keep the runways as the symbolic histy of land 1.1km 0.5km 0.5km 50m the land has a strong identity and imag of the airport land for a long priod of time keep the runway in a symbolic way use the idea of tilla durieux park in potsdamer platz in Berlin
- 58. 58 Structure; A Green Heart 725 950 Grid structure: Regulating the un regular and chaotic urban pattern of sur- rounding A big exception in the heart of the centre to attract the population
- 59. 59 regular geometric structure perfectly regulate the chaotic struc- ture of its surrounding urban fabric. meandrous structure of surrounding including Bazaar and residential area come to the grid of the garden and square and obtain their orders. a strong frame surrounding the gar- den mostly commercial frame and they have a rectangular geometry
- 60. 60 Persian garden: Paradise in Desert, Centrality of palace and pool Persian garden: Paradise in Desert, Connection to the city, shade of nature Persian garden: Paradise in Desert, Centrality of palace and pool, shade of nature Persian garden: Centrality, symmetry El goli Garden, Tabriz Shazde Garden, Kerman Shazde Garden, Kerman El goli Garden, Tabriz
- 61. 61 Dominant presence of Sky and Earth Repetition and rhythm of the facades Strong framework
- 62. 62 structure of persian garden identity of former airport mix of new urban facilities and main connection to out- side
- 63. 63 A sample for smaller four quarter part gardens, combination of water (jub), trees and the grid structure Source: 2amagazine
- 64. 64 commercial framework Entrance vault First line of outside with height limitation large urban facilities such as a airport museum symbol of a palace with cultural function Smaller four part Garden
- 65. 65 Bahman culture centre and park neighbourhood plaza neighbourhood park free space for high rises development Adding a strat and end point for symbolic runways
- 66. 66 Bahman culture centre and park neighbourhood plaza neighbourhood park free space for high rises development Extension of residential from south
- 67. 67 Flexiblity for future development Bahman culture centre and park neighbourhood plaza neighbourhood park free space for high rises development use the small park and highway landscape for future development
- 68. 68
- 69. 69 Design tools Network Program Identity Connector, Transfer, Joint nodes This node will get identity of an entrance to the Bazaar from the south and also a joint point of Bazaar and south the same as the one in the north of Bazaar. This characteristic can be achieved by three design elements of 1. Network, 2. Program which work as an assistant of Bazaar and attraction point of south and city centre and 3. Identity, by creation the specialized lines and spaces with unique identity. The Node of the south station needs to find its own identity by using of a mix of commercial, cultural and science park it can attract different group of people and then public spaces and important nodes with architectural phenomena can be added. Reflection
- 70. 70 Design tools History Identity Modern urban nodes M M Exception, Destination a central huge park with dominant role of city scale can attract people in a place where they have never had accessibility to. Three important layers of history, identity and modern urban nodes which can be joint by the connection structure to outside, are the main elements of crea- tion of this park and its future surrounding development. Reflection
- 71. 71 the inspiration of the project was derived by the municipality proposal of creating “ a new world trade cen- tre” in the south empty coarse grains the fact is that this transformation and balancing can not be achieved only by creating a new financial cen- tre there. South of Tehran is in need of some action projects for regenerating existing situations to grant a motive engine for bigger projects and reprogramming. My project is an effort toward tracing a future possible vision, by reprogramming and regenerating the exist- ing empty coarse grains of south and preparing it for future development or even bringing a new finantial centrality working in the global scale. Reflection
- 72. 72 Thank you