1. AssignmenT # 3
Topic:
Report On child labor
Submitted to:
Mam Ayesha imdad
Submitted by:
Sania bibi
Course:
English communication skills
Eng-301
Date of submission:
November 29, 2017.

2. FACTS ABOUT CHILD LABOR IN PAKISTAN
Date: 28/ 11/2017
Abstract:
Our research is all about child labor in Pakistan. Children around the world are
engaged in paid and unpaid forms of work, that are not harmful to them. However,
they are classified as child laborers when they are either too young to work or are
involved in hazardous activities that may compromise their physical, mental, social
and educational development. According to United Nations International
Children Emergency Funds (UNICEF) there are approximately 158 million
children of age 5 to 15working as child LABOUR worldwide. In Karachi, large
employment opportunities, burgeoning population and the availability of cheap
labor might be the contributing factors for the increasing prevalence of child labor.
Also according to government research, there are average 8 persons in the homes
of child who is working as labor. There is also no concept of improving standard of
living. They usually live below the poverty line.
Table of Contents:
 Abstract …………………………………………………… 1
 Introduction …………………………………………………… 2
Who is child ………………………………………………. 2
What is child labor ………………………………….......... 2
 Child labor in Pakistan ………………………………………... 2
 Causes of child labor …………………………………………... 3
 Provincial graph of child labor in Pakistan …………………….. 4
 Child labor is mostly found in ………………………………….. 5
 Effects of Child Labor ………………………………………….. 5
 Policy approaches to tackle this is issue ………………………... 6
 Impact on economy ……………………………………………... 7
 Solutions to end child labor………………………………………8
 Pakistan Efforts …………………………………………………. 8
 Conclusions……………………………………………………… 9
 Recommendations……………………………………………….. 10
 References ……………………………………………………….11

3. Introduction
Who is child?
International conventions define children as aged 18 and under. Individual
governments may define "child" according to different ages or other criteria.
"Child" and "childhood" are also defined differently by different cultures. The
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines child as "a human
being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child.
What is child labor?
The term “child labor” is often defined as:
“work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity,
and that is harmful to physical and mental development.”
International Labor Office (ILO) defines child labor as any activity other than
study or play, paid or unpaid, that is carried out by a person under the age of 15 (14
in certain countries). According to ILO estimates, over 200 million children are
engaged in some form of child labor and over eight million are engaged in
dangerous and abusive forms of child labor.
Child labor is the employment of children at regular and sustained labor. "Child
labor" is; generally speaking, work for children that harm them or exploits them in
some way physically, mentally, morally, or by blocking access to education.
UNICEF defines child labor as work that exceeds a minimum number of hours,
depending on the age of a child and on the type of work. Such work is considered
harmful to the child and should therefore be eliminated. There is no universally
accepted definition of child labor.
Child labor in Pakistan
Pakistan is amongst the top ten countries having this issue.
 In Pakistan children aged 5-14 are above 40 million. During the last year, the
Federal Bureau of Statistics released the results of its survey. The findings
were that 3.8 million children age group of 5-14 years are working in
Pakistan out of total 40 million children in this age group.

4.  50% of these economically active children are in age group of 5 to 9 years.
 Out of these 3.8 million economically active workers, 2.7 million were
claimed to be children.
 According to research 2.7 million children are working in the agriculture
sector. 73% of them are boys and the rest are girls.
 According to ILO, the number of child labor in Pakistan exceeded 12 million
in 2012
Causes of child labor
The International Labor Organization (ILO) suggests that poverty is the greatest
single cause behind child labor. Children start work when they are too young, or
take on work that is hazardous, for many reasons. Children in developing countries
do so because they and their families need the extra income. Children in
industrialized countries, seek work for quite different reasons, usually to establish
financial independence from their parents. Here we focus on children who are
driven into the world of work by poverty. However, even for poor families there
are decisions to make about what work children should take on. Parents rarely wish
to expose their children to danger, but may see no alternative. Pakistan has a per-
capita income of approximately $1900. A middle class person in Pakistan earns
around $6 a day on average.
The main causes of child labor in Pakistan are:-

5.  Overpopulation: Globally Pakistan is considered among the most populous
countries. According to Wikipedia.org, "Pakistan has increased its ranking
from 7 to 6th in the list of most populous countries of the world. In villages
there is trend of early marriages and have large number of children. To
fulfill the basic needs they compel their children to do work. So they have
no other choice but to work and earn a little amount to support their families
Large family sizes and overpopulation are the main factor causing child
labor.
 Poverty: Poverty is major reason. Pakistan is poor and under developed
country. Its population is on increase. Poverty is the lack of food, shelter,
money and clothing that occurs when people cannot satisfy their basic
needs. Poverty hunts one home or other. Poor parents cannot afford to send
their children to school for education. In order to meet daily expenses of
life, they send their children to earn money.
 Illiteracy: Illiterate parents do not realize the need for a proper physical,
emotional and cognitive development of a child. As they are uneducated,
they do not realize the importance of education for their children.
 Unemployment of elders: Another important reason is unemployment
which forces the parents to send their children to work places. Elders often
find it difficult to get jobs. The industrialists and factory owners find it
profitable to employ children. This is so because they can pay less and
extract more work. They will also not create union problem. Due to
unemployment it becomes compulsion of parents to make their children to
work in factories, shops and even selling items on street. There are many
cases of child labor where a child has to work against there payment of a
loan which was taken by his father.
 Failure of laws: Another main reason for the promotion of child labor is
due to failure of government in practicing the laws to stop child labor due to
which child labor is increasing day by day.
 Orphans: Children with no parents and relatives, often don’t find anyone to
support them. Thus they are forced to work for their own living.

6. Provincial graph of child labor in Pakistan
Provincial-wise comparison of child labor
province
Total No. of
children in age
group of 5-14 years
(million)
Total No. of
economically
active children in
age group of 5-
14 years
(millions)
Ratio of Child
Labor
Punjab 22.63 1.94 8.6%
Sindh 8.62 0.30 3.5%
NWFP 6.71 1.06 15.8%
Balochistan 2.07 0.01 0.5%
Total 40.03 3,31 8.3%

7. Child Labor is mostly found in:
Effects of child labor
Child labor has many effect some which are as follow:
 Child labor deprives a child of a proper childhood.
 He suffers physical and mental torture.
 He becomes mentally and emotionally mature too fast which is dangerous
sign.
 Child labor creates and perpetuates poverty.
 It condemns the child to a life of unskilled, badly paid work.
 Child labor deprives a child from the basic right of education.

8.  In one engine repair factory the lead level were so above the safety limits,
that red cells were mutated. This has huge effect on child’s mental
development.
 Common health issues among the child laborers in Karachi included
respiratory illnesses, fever and generalised pains, as well as drug addiction.
Policy approaches to tackle this issue:
Improve Incentives:
 Make school attendance more accessible—more schools, flexible schooling
 Reduce or eliminate school fees
 Eliminate discrimination against girls in school
 Improve educational quality—teaching, materials
 Improve basic services—for example, access to clean water
Remove Constraints:
 Reduce poverty
 Social safety nets
 Cash or food linked to participation in education
 Improve access to credit
 Better labor market functioning
Protection and Rehabilitation Services:
 Remove children from hazardous and worst forms of child labor
 Enforce health and safety and other employment standards
 Provide access to education and health services
 Offer vocational training and other rehabilitation
Legislation:
 Introduce and enforce child labor laws
 Introduce and enforce compulsory education laws

9. Impact on Economy

10. Solutions to end child labor
 Awareness must be raised and parents should pay attention to the education
of their children.
 Child Labor Laws should be strictly put into practice, and then our country
can easily get rid of this problem.
 we should to distribute the education free of cost, give flame to the candle of
education and distribute the light of knowledge among the people as our
Holy prophet (PBUH) also says that
“Get knowledge and distribute among others.”
 Another way to stop child labor is to step up in our own country and not
supports brands that use child labor, because if we bring down their sales
they will do anything to get their money back and that means ending child
labor.
 General public awareness is important, which involve door to door
awareness and different programs and scheme to aware people.
Pakistan effort
 The Employee Children Act, 1991
 The Bonded Labor System Abolition Act, 1992;
 Punjab Compulsory Education Act 1994
 The government gave free books to primary schools so parents with
limited budgets are now able to send their children to schools
Conclusions
The children are working as a labor in school going age for the survival of their
families and to full fill the basic necessities. People don’t know the importance
of education. That’s why most of children remain illiterate. It is not just
responsibility of government we are also responsible for that.
 Child labor is curse to our society as well as our economy.
 The future of the community is in the well being of its children.

11.  It is required to save children for social injustice and educational
deprivation.
Recommendations
 Awareness raising activities should be arranged so that people are
informed about children’s rights to education and leisure.
 Microfinance programs so that families have sufficient income and can
keep their children out of paid work.
 Provision of health and educational services for working children
should be ensured.
 Ensuring that children orphaned by AIDS are still accorded their rights
and are equipped with skills that will help them as adults
 Plan works to raise awareness of the Convention on the Rights of the
Child.
 Poor people should provide such opportunities to get themselves out of
poverty, and prevent and stop all types of exploitation of children.
 Providing all children with access to education is every government’s
responsibility, as well as a practical response to preventing child labor.
Free, compulsory, relevant and good-quality education services should
be given.
 Laws and regulations against child labor must be in place and rigorously
enforced by governments should be in manner.
 Civil society and media engagement can change attitudes and it can
condemn child labor. It can also helps in raising awareness of its
harmful effects on health and development will help alleviate children’s
vulnerability to abuse.
 Relevant school curricula and vocational training programs can be
adapted to students’ circumstances and will increase their school
attendance.
 Programs to support families in need and help them find alternative
income to replace their child’s employment will help prevent child
labor. Such support is also needed for child-headed households, orphans
and children’s.

12.  To create awareness on the different aspects of child labor issue and
start campaigns on children’s for the implementation of children's rights
 Family size should be small because Poor households tend to have more
children, and with large families there is a greater likelihood that
children will work and have lower school attendance and completion.
 Governments need to devote resources for Schooling and to provide
good quality and relevance atmosphere with no cost to poor families.
References
 www.unicef.org
 http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hamariweb.com
/Images/Articles/Labour3%252013-
 www.slideshare.com
 http://wikipedia.org
 www.childlabor.co