A brief description about processing cores, multi-core processors & their applications with lots of relevant animations. Animations don't work in this preview,but you can watch the full clip on YouTube here: http://youtu.be/Vm2RzHq4ASY Send me an email to download the file.Enjoy!

1. Multi-Core Processors
The Next Generation

2. Contents
• What Is A Microprocessor?
• Single Core Processor
• Introduction To Multi-Core Processors
• Why Multi-Core : Advantages
• Multi-Core Architecture
• Implementations To Enhance Performance
• Application, Disadvantages & Comparison
• Future Of Multi-Core Processors
• Conclusion
• References

3. What is a Microprocessor?
• Programmable integrated device
• Computing and decision-making
capability
• Embedded in a larger system
• A standalone unit controlling
processes
• Functions as the CPU of a computer
called microcomputer
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4. Single Core Processor
• Contains single processing unit
• A processing unit consists of
• Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Memory Unit (i.e. Registers)
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5. Processing Unit Design
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6. Single Core Processor Contd.
• Drawbacks
• Clock frequency must be increased for faster job execution
• Higher clock frequency increases power consumption
• Results in higher rate of heat generation & dissipation
• Therefore, performance & efficiency drastically decreased
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7. Introduction To Multi-Core Processor
• Two or more independent processing cores combined into single chip
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8. Why Multi-Core : Advantages
• Simultaneous execution
• Moore Law supportive
• Lesser power consumption
• Lesser heat generation
• Instruction level parallelism
• Multithreaded applications
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9. Multi-Core Architecture
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• Multiprocessing in a single package
• Cores may be coupled tightly/loosely
• Cores may or may not share caches
• May implement message passing or
common shared memory methods
• Common Network topologies used
to inter-connect the different cores
• Homogeneous & Heterogeneous

10. Implementations To Enhance Performance
• Pipelining: Subsequent instruction begins to execute before
completion of the previous one i.e. Parallel processing
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11. Implementations To Enhance Performance
• Multithreading: Time is divided and interlaced between more than
one thread to simulate simultaneous execution
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12. Implementations To Enhance Performance
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• Multithreading: Time is divided and interlaced between more than
one thread to simulate simultaneous execution

13. Applications
• Multimedia Applications
• Database servers
• Web servers
• CAD/CAM
• Encoding
• 3D gaming
• Video editing
• Powerful graphics solution
• Optimized productivity titles
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14. Disadvantages
• Multi threading is also a problem when the software being run is not designed to
take advantage of the multi core processor
• Costs more than single core processors
• Cache coherence
• Does not work at twice the speed as a normal processor
• More difficult to manage thermally than lower-density single-core processors
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15. Multi-Core Over Single Core : Comparison
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Single Core Processor (45 nm) Multi-Core Processor (45 nm)
Vdd (V) 1.0 1.0
I/O Pins (Total) 1280 (ITRS) 3000 (Estimated)
Operating frequency (GHz) 7.8 4
Chip-Package Data Rate (Gb/s) 7.8 4
Bandwidth (GB/s) 125 1000
Power (W) 429.78 107.39
Total Number Of Pins On Chip 3840 9000 (Estimated)
Number Of Pins On The Package 2480 4500 (Estimated)

16. Future Of Multi-Core Processors
• ‘Homogeneous’ vs. ‘Heterogeneous’ argument (Moore, Hasegawa,
Agarwal)
• Next-generation software applications will require the performance
capacity provided by multi-core processors
• Will help to break barriers in the user experience i.e. Voice
recognition, Pattern Recognition, AI oriented problems etc.
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17. Conclusion
• An important new trend in computer architecture
• Several new multi-core processors now in design phase
• Parallel programming techniques likely to gain importance
• Still will be some applications for single-core processors
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18. References
• www.intel.com/multi-core/
• www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090055826
• www.csa.com/discoveryguides/multicore/review2.php?SID=s0s5lp3hcg6fa
6pf2ba28u84d0
• www.google.co.in
• Stallings, William, “Computer Organization and Architecture : Designing
for Performance”, Ninth Edition, 2013
• Hennessy, John L., Patterson ,David A., “Computer Architecture : A
Quantitative Approach”, Seventh Edition, 2012
• Merritt, R., “CPU Designers Debate Multi-core Future”, EETimes Online,
February 2008
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19. Thank
You