Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions that forms colorless compounds. Neon is a noble gas and exists in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts of about 18.2 ppmv. Some key points: - Neon is an inert noble gas that exists naturally in the atmosphere in small amounts and is also found in trace amounts in minerals. - It is obtained commercially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Neon and other noble gases have applications in neon lighting, lasers, and other electric-signage products due to its unique spectral emissions. - Neon has

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon
Matter
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2. Atoms
All substances are made of ATOMS.
Water – hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Plastic – carbon and hydrogen atoms
Plants – carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and
sulfur atoms

3. Elements
• There are about 100 substances that are made
up of just one type of atom.
• These are elements.
Helium Carbon Copper

4. Symbols for Elements
H – Hydrogen
C – Carbon
F – Fluorine
O – Oxygen
N – Nitrogen
I – Iodine
Li – Lithium
Al – Aluminium
He – Helium
Pb – Lead
Au – Gold
Ag - Silver

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6. Molecules
• In some elements, the atoms are joined in
groups of two or more – this is called a
molecule.
O2
Other elements that contain atoms joined in
molecules are hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and
bromine.

7. Compounds
• A compound is the substance produced when
two or more elements combine in a chemical
reaction – they are also molecules.
H2O CO2

8. The Structure of Atoms
• Neutrons = neutral
• Protons = positive charge
• Electrons = negative charge
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9. The Nucleus
• At the centre of an atom.
• Made up of protons and neutrons.
• Neutrons are heavier than protons – both are
much heavier than electrons.
• Atomic Number = Number of Protons

10. Electron Shells
• Electrons spin around the nucleus. They don't
stay in defined areas around the nucleus. They
are found in clouds that can have different
shapes.
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11. • Electrons are negative and attracted to the
positive nucleus.
• The number of electrons and protons is the
same.
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12. • The electrons spin around the nucleus in
electron shells.
• The closer the shell is to the nucleus the
greater the attraction.
• Closer shells have lower energy levels and the
outermost shells the highest energy level.
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13. Maximum number of electrons = 2n2
Shell Max. Number of Electrons
n = 1 2
n = 2 8
n = 3 18
n = 4 32

14. commons.wikimedia.org

15. Bonding
• Atoms that are joined = molecules or large
lattices.
• These atoms are held together by chemical
bonds.
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16. • All other atoms react, gain, lose or share
electrons – result is a bond.
• The result is particles with full outer shells
that hold eight electrons.
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17. Ions
• Ions are atoms that have become charged
because they have had electrons removed –
or because they have removed electrons
from other atoms.
• No longer neutral.
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18. • Positively charged ions (+) have more protons
– lose electrons CATION.
• Negatively charged ions (-) have more
electrons – gain electrons ANION.

19. Ionic Bonding
• When metallic elements bond with non-
metallic elements.
• Metal atoms – weak hold on outer-shell
electrons.
• Non-metallic atoms – strong hold on outer-
shell electrons.
• Non-metallic tend to remove outer-shell
electrons from any metal atoms they are near.
• Results in ions.
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20. • Electrostatic forces pull the +ve and –ve ions
together to form a strong ionic bond.
• Result in a three-dimensional structure called
a lattice.
en.wikibooks.org

21. Nuclear Decay
• Nucleus – protons and neutrons that are
constantly moving – emit electromagnetic
radiation called gamma rays.
• Some nuclei even eject particles at high
speed.
geoinfo.nmt.edu

22. • The emission of electromagnetic radiation or
particles is known as a nuclear reaction or
nuclear decay.
• During nuclear decay atoms may change from
one element to another – transmutation.
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23. Radioisotopes
• Most atoms contain stable nuclei.
• The unstable atoms could eject particles or
electromagnetic waves from their nucleus at
any moment – nuclear decay.
• The unstable atoms are known as
radioisotopes e.g. Carbon-14
chemistry.tutorcircle.com

24. • Isotopes are atoms that have the same
number of protons but a different number of
neutrons.
• Carbons isotopes include –
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25. Types of Nuclear Decay
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26. Alpha Decay
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27. Beta Decay
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28. Gamma Decay
Pearson 10

29. Half-Life
geology.wwu.edu

30. Carbon Dating
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