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Health urban planning inroad to local health development who - 2008
1. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth Healthy Urban Planning: in-roadHealthy Urban Planning: in-road
to local health developmentto local health development
WHO Healthy CitiesWHO Healthy Cities
Geoff Green
Elisabeth Bengtsson
Agis Tsouros
2. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth Challenges in CitiesChallenges in Cities
Growing health concerns in cities include
Poverty and social exclusion
Violence and Safety
Pollution of air, water and land
Substandard housing and unhealthy planning
Poor employment conditions
Stress and Sedentary lifestyles
Poor quality food
The unmet needs of vulnerable groups
Lack of public involvement in decisions
Growing inequalities
4. WHO Collaborating Centre for
Healthy Cities and Urban Policy
How does Urban Planning affect health?
Physical factors
(some examples)
Links Associated
health issues
• Road severance
• Lack of facilities in
neighbourhood (shops,
places to go)
• Lack of local informal
recreational opportunities
(allotments, play parks)
• Unattractive, poorly designed
pedestrian routes (road traffic
dominated routes)
• Poor insulation, waste of
solar insolation
• Lack of opportunity for food
growing
• Lack of opportunity
for informal
interaction in the
community
• Isolation
Mental wellbeing
• Air-polluted local
walking
environments
• Fuel poverty
Respiratory disease
• Lack of regular
exercise
• Food deserts, poor
diet
Heart disease and
Obesity issues
5. WHO Collaborating Centre for
Healthy Cities and Urban Policy
Healthy Urban Planning in Manchester
A century ago towing planning and public health were working closely together but then they
went their separate ways
1853 2003
Typhoid
Cholera
Dysentery
Scrofula
Asthma
Obesity
Stress & mental
health
Heart disease
“Traffic will be to 21st
century public health what sewage was
to 19th
century public health”
12. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth Healthy Urban PlanningHealthy Urban Planning
The twelve key health objectivesThe twelve key health objectives
Do planning policies and proposals promote and
encourage ?
1
.
Personal lifestyles 7. Safety
2
.
Social cohesion 8. Equity
3
.
Housing quality 9. Air and aesthetics
4
.
Access to work 10
.
Water
5
.
Accessibility 11 Land and minerals
6 Food 12
.
Climate stability
Barton & Tsourou 2000
13. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth
4 elements of action4 elements of action
for health and sustainablefor health and sustainable
development at city leveldevelopment at city level
Political Commitment to
the values and principles of
health and sustainable
development; equity and
solidarity
Articulate a long term vision
for your city based on
these qualities
Systematic action to tackle
the social and environmental
determinants of health including
Integrating health considerations
Into urban planning and design
Institutional processes to
support partnership-based
work and participative
governance
Local, national and
international cooperation
and networking
14. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth
WHO Working with EuropeanWHO Working with European
cities:cities:
Themes and ToolsThemes and Tools
• Healthy Ageing
• Health Impact Assessment
• Healthy Urban Planning
• Physical Activity and Active Living
• City Health Profiles
• City Health Development Plans
15. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth
Healthy Urban Planning PrioritiesHealthy Urban Planning Priorities
• Transport and mobility
• Healthy Ageing
• Neighbourhoods
• Physical Activity
• Strategic and Master Plans
• Cross-cutting links Health Impact Assessment
• Tools-commitment-innovation
• awareness-capacity-applications-
mainstreaming
16. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth How to increase physical activityHow to increase physical activity
in an urban environmentin an urban environment
• Transport
– Cycling : Cycle paths, Cycle parks
• Walking
– Pedestrian areas
– Walking buses
– Safety of walking
• Leisure time facilities
– Parks
– Open schools
– Public or subsidised sport facilities
– Safety of playgrounds
• Building design
– Stairs
• Urban design
– Positioning of services in walking distance
• Traffic restrictions on weekends
17. ““Obesity: an epidemicObesity: an epidemic
without treatment”without treatment”
Urban Design can make a huge differenceUrban Design can make a huge difference
in supporting physical activityin supporting physical activity
19. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth Open space,Open space,
Health and Urban planningHealth and Urban planning
• Physical exercise & recreation
• Social and cultural aspects – community
& relationships
• Psychological effects
• Wildlife in cities
• Organic urban food production
• Air quality and noise
• Water management
21. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth
Walking and CyclingWalking and Cycling
• City wide level – policies to
promote walking and cycling as
part of a wider transport strategy
• Neighbourhood level – a mix of
uses and maximum opportunity to
walk or cycle
• Assessing a project – a checklist
addressing localised issues of
movement and accessibility
22. WHOWHOCentreforUrbanHealthCentreforUrbanHealth
WHO Healthy Cities Network Phase IV (2003-2008)
in the WHO European Region (Designated and Applicants)
SVN
BLR
12 January 2007
Seixal
Amadora
Geneva
Milan
Bologna
JerusalemPadua
Udine
Arezzo
Copenhagen
Sandnes
Helsingborg
Stockholm
Dresden
Glasgow
Newcastle
Liverpool
Manchester
Sheffield
Stoke-on-Trent
Bursa
Vienna Györ
Rijeka
Lodz
89 Cities
76 designated
13 applicants
Yalova
ÇankayaViana do
Castelo
Liège
Belfast
Camden
Montijo
Stirling
Sunderland
Turin
Turku
Ljubljana
San Fernando
de Henares
Poznan
Brno
Brighton
Horsens
Eskisehir/Tepebasi
Kuopio
Celje
Pecs
Kadiköy
Jurmala
Aydin
Brussels
Avanos
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Kirikkale
Zagreb
Izhevsk
Trabzon City
Rennes
Østfold County Council
Istanbul
Dublin
Leganés
Sant Andreau
de la Barca
Siena
ÜrgüpAthens
Cheboksary
Dimitrovgrad
NovocheboksarskKaunas
Kuressaare
Yevpatoria
Venice
Pärnu
Salamanca
Bartin
Galway
Stavropol
Cherepovets
Kinel-Cherkassy District
Borjomi
Gijon
Barcelona
Tirana
Maltepe
GolcükNancy
Sarajevo
Koper
Dunkerque
Examples of good practice: Manchester
clear understanding of the HUP agenda
recognises the potential of HUP at a political level and has developed a clear assessment of areas of weakness
identified a programme of training for internal planning officers and key city stakeholders with the aim to better integrate health into the planning application process and urban planning in general
I'm involved in the preparation of the LDF, for example, but there's little in the way of images coming out of this yet; I've been contributing to some local guidance, including the Development Guide and various Strategic Regeneration Frameworks, but again the result of this tends to be wording changed or included in documents. I'd like to say that the Development Guide is a good example of getting health considerations explicitly included in planning strategy documents, but as negotiations are still ongoing about the content of the guide I'm not sure it I've been successful in getting it changed the way we want it!