1. POWER GENERATION OF
THERMAL POWER PLANT

2. LECTURE OUTLINES
 Thermal Energy
 Parts of thermal power plant
 Energy conversion process
 Principle and Working
Efficiency
 Merits & Demerits
 Conclusion

3. THERMAL
ENERGY
1. The kinetic energy of the molecules in
a solid, liquid or gas
2. The more kinetic energy, the more
thermal energy the object possesses
3. Physicists also call this the internal
energy of an object

4. WHAT IS THERMAL POWER
PLANT ?
 Thermal power plant is also referred as
coal thermal power plant and steam
turbine power plant.
 Generally in India, bituminous coal, brown
coal are used as fuel of boiler.
 To increase the thermal efficiency, the
coal is used in the boiler in powder form.

5. PARTS OF THERMAL POWER
PLANT

6. ENERGY CONVERSION
PROCESS IN POWER PLANTS
Chemical Energy is
Converted into Thermal
Energy by Combustion
In Boiler
Thermal Energy is
Converted into
Mechanical Energy
In Turbine
Mechanical Energy is
Converted into
Electrical Energy
In Generator
Chemical
Energy
Thermal
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
Electrical
Energy
Fuel

7. ENERGY
CONVERSION Fuel, Air and water produce steam in the
boiler by combustion
 Steam of high temperature and pressure is
expended from high pressure to low pressure in
the turbine
 Thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy
and finally mechanical energy
 This mechanical energy derives the generator
to produce electricity

8. THERMAL POWER PLANT CAN WORK IN
TWO MANNERS
 Production of electricity
 Production of electricity with
production of steam for the use in
industry e.g. paper mills, textile
mills, sugar mills, refineries

9. EFFICIENCY
Efficiency = Heat Equivalent of Electrical output / Heat of
Combustion
Normally η = 29%
Losses:
1. Boiler House Losses:
a. To Dry Fuel Gases 5%
b. To moisture in gases 5%
c. To ash and un burnt carbon 1%
d. To radiation and leakage 2.5%
e. Unknown losses 2.5%
TOTAL 16%

10. EFFICIENCY . .
.
2. Turbine Losses:
a. Heat rejection to Condenser 54%
3. Alternator or Generator Loss 1%
TOTAL 55%
Grand Total 71%
So Efficiency = (100% - Losses)
= 100% - 71% = 29%

11. MERITS OF POWER
PLANTFuel is cheaper
Less space is required
The initial cost is less
Plant can be located near the load
centre
Turbine can work at 25% overload
continuously

12. DEMERITS OF POWER
PLANT
Maintenance and operating costs
are high
Pollution of atmosphere is one of
the major problems
Water is required in huge quantity
Efficiency falls quickly below 75%

13. CONCLUSION
It is necessary to reduce energy consumption at
a global level in order to solve the problems
concerning environment and energy, such as
global warming, and most of all, it is required for
the developing countries to take energy saving
measures, where economic and population
present a considerable growth. In Japan, energy
saving technology was developed and today the
energy efficiency of the Japanese power
companies has attained the highest level in the
world.

14. `