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Standoff IED Detection Using UAVs
Week 1: Original Focus
Hardware - A small, portable drone:
● that uses different sensors to;
● replace human capabilities in
detecting IEDs
Week 10: Final Focus
Software - A sense-making system:
● that uses image processing
techniques to;
● augment human capabilities in
detecting IEDs; and
● scales across platforms.
103
Interviews
PLOMOJIDO
Sponsor
103
Interviews
19
Government
Affiliated
12
Image
Processing
Experts
54 Armed
Forces
Personnel18
Industry
Affiliated
PLOMO
Yicheng An Weihan Zhang Robert André
Borochok
Marko Jakovljevic
M.S. Computer
Vision & Machine
Learning
M.S. Business M.S. Management
Science and
Engineering
Postdoc Imaging
School of Medicine
Software
Engineering
Law Enforcement /
Strategy &
Operations
Industrial
Engineering /
Operations
Radiology / Image
Processing
3
PLOMO
The Journey
PLOMO
Hardware Software
Our Opening Hypotheses
It’s all about the
Hardware
Multi-Functional Tool to
Replace Human
Detects All Types of IEDs
PLOMO
Who’s our Beneficiary? … Everyone!
PLOMO
Rock Bottom
PLOMO
PLOMO
Our problem scope is
far too wide.
We Need to Truly Understand the Problem
PLOMO
“Infantrymen are the most
vulnerable to IED
attacks...they are trained to
detect IEDs, but rely mainly
on visual cues.”
- Operational Commander
PLOMO
Focusing on Our Primary Beneficiary
PRIMARY:
DISMOUNTED
INFANTRY
Most vulnerable to
attack
Relies on visual cues
(potholes, disturbed
earth)
Needs standoff detection
capability
Load is a major constraint
Needs near real-time
detection
11
PLOMO
Week 3: Mission Model Canvas
Value Proposition
Replace infantrymens’
capabilities to detect IEDs
A drone system
System to analyze drone
feed and indicate risk
areas to war fighter
Beneficiaries
Primary: Dismounted
infantry patrolling known
area
12
PLOMO
Let’s build a counter-
IED drone for ground
infantry...
PLOMO
...Or not.
“We already use surveillance
drones…why would we need
another one?”
- Operational Commander
PLOMO
Let’s Modify Existing Hardware!
Build a Drone Add Sensors to Existing
Drones
PIVOT
PLOMO
Pivot to Sensor Improvements
PLOMO
Hypothesis:
Sensors added to
drones like Raven will
increase situational
awareness and ease
of IED detection.
Reality:
Sensors on their own
do not give analytical
insights
Pivot to Sensor Improvements
PLOMO
Hypothesis:
Sensors added to
drones like Raven will
increase situational
awareness and ease
of IED detection.
Reality:
Sensors aren’t
perfect
“There is no vapor for
chem sensors to sniff
in an open
environment.”
- Explosive Signature
Specialist
Pivot to Sensor Improvements
PLOMO
Hypothesis:
Sensors added to
drones like Raven will
increase situational
awareness and ease
of IED detection.
Reality:
Adding sensors will
require long
deployment time
“JIDO can’t … add a
sensor to a program
of record.”
- JIDO Tech Chief
Hardware is Clearly not the Issue
PLOMO
“My analysts spend hours
staring at a screen to pick up
anomalies. We still miss
things from time to time.”
- Intelligence analyst
PLOMO
Getting out of the building
PLOMO
Camp Pendleton (San Diego)
Because of the near
infinite number of
ways an IED can be
hidden, we limit our
initial product to
pothole detection.
PLOMO
Week 5: Mission Model Canvas
23
Value Proposition
Augment replace
warfighters’ capabilities
to detect IEDs via
software
Drone agnostic
Pothole Detection
PLOMO
Software is What’s Really Needed!
Drone Hardware “Analyst in the hand”
PIVOT
PLOMO
We Have Found Xplomo’s Calling
PLOMO
Our MVP and Beneficiary
Needs Match.
So Let’s Start Identifying
Partners.
PLOMO
So Who Do We Need to Work With?
PLOMO
So Who Do We Need to Work With?
PLOMO
XPLOMO
Week 6: Mission Model Canvas
Key Partners
JIDO J8/J6
Image Processing
Experts
Mission Achievement
- Algorithm that successfully detects potholes
with a false alarm rate <5 per frame
- At least 80% accuracy
Buy-in/Support
JIDO
Troops in field
Military Leadership
Mission Achievement
- Algorithm that successfully detects potholes with a
false alarm rate <5 per frame
- At least 80% accuracy
In the rush to develop a
working product,
you’ve got to
Fail Fast, Move Quick
PLOMO
Feature Detection Works…. ...Until It Doesn’t
PLOMO
...
Xplomo’s Experimental Results
PLOMO
Academic Articles and 1 Paper Later...
Feature Detection
Anomaly Detection
Machine Learning
PLOMO
“Analyst in the
hand”
Successful Detection
of Well-Defined
Potholes
Xplomo’s
Experimental Results
Week 8: Mission Model Canvas
Key Activities
Implement image
processing methods:
● Anomaly detection -
CFAR
● Machine learning -
YOLO
Train the algorithms
Package the software in
JIDO compatible format
PLOMO
Deployment
Algorithm refinement,
Scaling, & Horizontal
extension
Final Minimum Viable Product
“Analyst-in-the-hand” Operator
Any Aerial Platform
PLOMO
Internal Readiness Level
PLOMO
Current product is an initial
iteration of an algorithm that we
will continue to improve.
Internal
Readiness Level
Moving Forward
Buried IEDs
VBIED
Week 1 Week 10
H4D
Military
GIS Output
Dual
use
Agriculture
Forestry
Road maintenance
Building inspections
PLOMO
Thank You
JIDO
Wayne A. Stanbery
W. Richards Thissell
James McGuyer
Industry Mentor
Kevin Ray
Robert Medve
Special Contributors
Robert Best
Caitlin Cima
Todd Forsman
Andrea Gilli
George Hasseltine
Rafi Holtzman
Michael Leone
David Zinn
Special Thanks
Camp Pendleton Commanders and Staff
& to all our 103 Interviewees
38
Teaching Team
Steve Blank
Joseph Felter
Peter Newell
Steve Weinstein
Teaching Assistants
Darren Hau
Isaac Matthews
Melisa Tomak
PLOMO

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Xplomo Hacking for Defense 2017

  • 1. Standoff IED Detection Using UAVs Week 1: Original Focus Hardware - A small, portable drone: ● that uses different sensors to; ● replace human capabilities in detecting IEDs Week 10: Final Focus Software - A sense-making system: ● that uses image processing techniques to; ● augment human capabilities in detecting IEDs; and ● scales across platforms. 103 Interviews PLOMOJIDO Sponsor
  • 3. Yicheng An Weihan Zhang Robert André Borochok Marko Jakovljevic M.S. Computer Vision & Machine Learning M.S. Business M.S. Management Science and Engineering Postdoc Imaging School of Medicine Software Engineering Law Enforcement / Strategy & Operations Industrial Engineering / Operations Radiology / Image Processing 3 PLOMO
  • 5. Our Opening Hypotheses It’s all about the Hardware Multi-Functional Tool to Replace Human Detects All Types of IEDs PLOMO
  • 6. Who’s our Beneficiary? … Everyone! PLOMO
  • 8. PLOMO Our problem scope is far too wide.
  • 9. We Need to Truly Understand the Problem PLOMO
  • 10. “Infantrymen are the most vulnerable to IED attacks...they are trained to detect IEDs, but rely mainly on visual cues.” - Operational Commander PLOMO
  • 11. Focusing on Our Primary Beneficiary PRIMARY: DISMOUNTED INFANTRY Most vulnerable to attack Relies on visual cues (potholes, disturbed earth) Needs standoff detection capability Load is a major constraint Needs near real-time detection 11 PLOMO
  • 12. Week 3: Mission Model Canvas Value Proposition Replace infantrymens’ capabilities to detect IEDs A drone system System to analyze drone feed and indicate risk areas to war fighter Beneficiaries Primary: Dismounted infantry patrolling known area 12 PLOMO
  • 13. Let’s build a counter- IED drone for ground infantry... PLOMO
  • 14. ...Or not. “We already use surveillance drones…why would we need another one?” - Operational Commander PLOMO
  • 15. Let’s Modify Existing Hardware! Build a Drone Add Sensors to Existing Drones PIVOT PLOMO
  • 16. Pivot to Sensor Improvements PLOMO Hypothesis: Sensors added to drones like Raven will increase situational awareness and ease of IED detection. Reality: Sensors on their own do not give analytical insights
  • 17. Pivot to Sensor Improvements PLOMO Hypothesis: Sensors added to drones like Raven will increase situational awareness and ease of IED detection. Reality: Sensors aren’t perfect “There is no vapor for chem sensors to sniff in an open environment.” - Explosive Signature Specialist
  • 18. Pivot to Sensor Improvements PLOMO Hypothesis: Sensors added to drones like Raven will increase situational awareness and ease of IED detection. Reality: Adding sensors will require long deployment time “JIDO can’t … add a sensor to a program of record.” - JIDO Tech Chief
  • 19. Hardware is Clearly not the Issue PLOMO
  • 20. “My analysts spend hours staring at a screen to pick up anomalies. We still miss things from time to time.” - Intelligence analyst PLOMO
  • 21. Getting out of the building PLOMO Camp Pendleton (San Diego)
  • 22. Because of the near infinite number of ways an IED can be hidden, we limit our initial product to pothole detection. PLOMO
  • 23. Week 5: Mission Model Canvas 23 Value Proposition Augment replace warfighters’ capabilities to detect IEDs via software Drone agnostic Pothole Detection PLOMO
  • 24. Software is What’s Really Needed! Drone Hardware “Analyst in the hand” PIVOT PLOMO
  • 25. We Have Found Xplomo’s Calling PLOMO
  • 26. Our MVP and Beneficiary Needs Match. So Let’s Start Identifying Partners. PLOMO
  • 27. So Who Do We Need to Work With? PLOMO
  • 28. So Who Do We Need to Work With? PLOMO XPLOMO
  • 29. Week 6: Mission Model Canvas Key Partners JIDO J8/J6 Image Processing Experts Mission Achievement - Algorithm that successfully detects potholes with a false alarm rate <5 per frame - At least 80% accuracy Buy-in/Support JIDO Troops in field Military Leadership Mission Achievement - Algorithm that successfully detects potholes with a false alarm rate <5 per frame - At least 80% accuracy
  • 30. In the rush to develop a working product, you’ve got to Fail Fast, Move Quick PLOMO
  • 31. Feature Detection Works…. ...Until It Doesn’t PLOMO ... Xplomo’s Experimental Results
  • 32. PLOMO Academic Articles and 1 Paper Later...
  • 33. Feature Detection Anomaly Detection Machine Learning PLOMO “Analyst in the hand” Successful Detection of Well-Defined Potholes Xplomo’s Experimental Results
  • 34. Week 8: Mission Model Canvas Key Activities Implement image processing methods: ● Anomaly detection - CFAR ● Machine learning - YOLO Train the algorithms Package the software in JIDO compatible format PLOMO Deployment Algorithm refinement, Scaling, & Horizontal extension
  • 35. Final Minimum Viable Product “Analyst-in-the-hand” Operator Any Aerial Platform PLOMO
  • 36. Internal Readiness Level PLOMO Current product is an initial iteration of an algorithm that we will continue to improve. Internal Readiness Level
  • 37. Moving Forward Buried IEDs VBIED Week 1 Week 10 H4D Military GIS Output Dual use Agriculture Forestry Road maintenance Building inspections PLOMO
  • 38. Thank You JIDO Wayne A. Stanbery W. Richards Thissell James McGuyer Industry Mentor Kevin Ray Robert Medve Special Contributors Robert Best Caitlin Cima Todd Forsman Andrea Gilli George Hasseltine Rafi Holtzman Michael Leone David Zinn Special Thanks Camp Pendleton Commanders and Staff & to all our 103 Interviewees 38 Teaching Team Steve Blank Joseph Felter Peter Newell Steve Weinstein Teaching Assistants Darren Hau Isaac Matthews Melisa Tomak PLOMO